نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 93، بهار 1402)

"Religion", "nationality" and nationalism are permanent issues of human societies with positive and negative consequences. The old history of religion and nationality in Iran, as one of the oldest countries, paved the way for the entry of nationalist ideas in the 19th century. Today, the intertwining of religion, nationality and nationalism in Iran has turned it into a multifaceted and complicated phenomenon. The main issue of this article is to understand the nature of Iranian nationalism and its relationship with religion in contemporary Iran, and it will review its historical course. The main purpose of the article is to explain the components and the relationship between Islam and nationalism in contemporary Iran.First, a theoretical discussion about "religion" and "nationalism" is discussed and the network of concepts, elements and components of each is explained. Then, the ratio of religion and nationalism in Iran today is examined on a spectrum in the form of three main currents and nine sub-currents, from the most interaction to the most confrontation. The three main currents are: the confrontation of Islam with nationalism, the interaction of Islam and nationalism, and the confrontation of nationalism with Islam. In the following, we have explained the sequence and different periods of the relationship between religion and nationalism in the field of Iranian politics and society over the last century, which has been explained in the form of five periods and six pseudo-models since the beginning of the arrival of nationalism in Iran until today. One of the results of the article discussed at the end is that although Iranian nationalism emerged under the influence of global nationalism, it was different from Western and Arab examples. Iranian nationalism is a unique phenomenon to itself in the causes of its emergence, in its nature, and in its effects and consequences.First, a theoretical discussion about "religion" and "nationalism" is discussed and the network of concepts, elements and components of each were explained. Then, the ratio of religion and nationalism in Iran today is examined on a spectrum in the form of three main currents and nine sub-currents from the most interaction to the most confrontation. The three main currents are: the confrontation of Islam with nationalism, the interaction of Islam and nationalism, and the confrontation of nationalism with Islam. In the following, we have explained the sequence and different periods of the relationship between religion and nationalism in the field of Iranian politics and society over the last century, which has been explained in the form of five periods and six pseudo-models since the beginning of the arrival of nationalism in Iran until today.

Education is one of the areas of human life that has a deep connection with culture. Based on this, schools are formed according to cultural practices and values and within the framework of the curriculum reflect the norms of the society in which they were born. Here, what is primarily important is the curriculum developed in the direction of identity formation and then the way of representing and teaching these concepts, which determines the function of the curriculum. Therefore, the current research, by placing the question-oriented approach (metacognitive model) in the elementary school curriculum, investigates two types of mental and propositional representation, especially the questions of elementary school textbooks, and answers the question of how national identity is represented in textbooks. and what is the desired model of national identity representation in elementary school textbooks based on the metacognitive model? The method of the article is content analysis, and to answer the research questions, the authors have analyzed the content of 15 elementary school books, including Farsi, Heaven's Gift, and social studies in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. The findings indicate that the representation of national identity in textbooks is not based on the metacognitive model, but based on the emotional model, and the cognitive and metacognition aspects of national identity have been seriously neglected in elementary school books.It is not based on the metacognitive model, but based on the emotional model, and the cognitive and metacognition aspects of national identity have been seriously neglected in elementary school books.

The role of cultural interactions in the formation of the architectural identity of each society is one of the topics that is of particular importance in scientific and artistic societies. Therefore, in order to recognize the architectural and artistic identity of any society, it is necessary to examine the social, religious, cultural, etc. concepts that were formed in the context of historical periods. The present article seeks to understand the cultural components affecting the identity formation of the ornamentations of the historical city of Masouleh using descriptive-analytical methods and field studies. The findings indicate that the Masouleh ornamentations are influenced by the cultural concepts of two historical periods before and after Islam. The pre-Islamic ornamentations in Masouleh are the result of the religious rituals of ancient Iran and in the Islamic era, they are the result of thoughts of the Ilkhanate, Safavid, Zandiyeh, Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Revolution governments. The most effective concepts in the formation of ornamentations are derived from religious beliefs, naturalism, and respect for nature, geometric and mathematical forms, and cultural and social interactions of non-native immigrants. The results show that Masouleh architecture had the least identity and cultural changes before the Qajar period. However, by entering the Qajar period and the increase of international interactions with European and Western countries, the architecture and artistic ornamentations of Masouleh have changed from the state of introverted architecture, which is one of the components of Iranian Islamic architecture, to extroverted architecture.

The uprising in the south of Iran took place in the period of "1285-1299 AD/ 1909-1920 AD" following the encroachment of the British forces on the water borders of the Persian Gulf and the occupation of Bushehr port. Considering the purpose of the study, which has the effect of the infrastructure of the mosque's function in the formation of the truth of the study movement, it raises this basic issue. How has the social political function of the mosque institution influenced the formation of the reality of the border residents' uprising against the invaders? The research findings analyze the internal developments of the movement in the light of studying and criticizing the attitudes presented around the movement to the social political role of the mosque institution as the main base of the culture of resistance. The research is of the "descriptive-analytical" type and has been carried out by the document-library method. The method of data analysis is based on the strategy and method of "thematic and comparative analysis" with 190 basic codes. The result shows; The Islamic culture and identity of the society and the innate rules arising from the functioning of the mosque have been the most fundamental factors that have caused the growth and awakening of the human conscience and the national zeal of the Jihad leaders. And it has made the basis of the independent and anti-colonial movement of the border dwellers in the south a reality.

Nationalism is a modern concept arising from the identity transformations of the Western world. This new layer of identity gradually dominated the identity of the colonized countries, on the one hand, along with the development of the colonialism of the western countries and, on the other hand, with the development of western knowledge. Weak political systems and imitative pseudo-intellectuals were also very effective in accepting this new identity in an imitative and imposed pattern. However, with the passage of time and Iranian society's encounter with this new layer of identity, we have seen the active engagement and hosting of Iranian identity foundations towards nationalism, and during this development and evolution, nationalism was redefined in the local frameworks of Iranians. This redefinition started from the beginning of the 13th century and continued until after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The current research, based on its independent theoretical framework, believes that Iranian identity has three layers of Iranianness, Islamism, and revolutionism. These layers have gradually been balanced and were able to build local nationalism. This research shows martyr Soleimani as an example of this identity balance, who was both Iranian and Muslim and also revolutionary. For this purpose, this qualitative research based on a historical study approach has investigated and studied the identity development and evolution during the last century.

National identity is the result of social interactions between individuals and is influenced by several factors. One of the influential factors in the formation of national identity of individuals is social capital. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital and national identity of women aged 18 to 50 living in Shahrekord City. The research method of survey and data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is all women aged 18 to 50 years old living in Shahrekord in year 2021, which according to the general census of population and housing 2016, their number is 6004 people. Sample size in the statistical population of Shahrekord using the equivalent Cochran's formula 364 people were obtained, for a more accurate study, the number of samples was set at 500 people. The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of the theories of Durkheim, Putnam, Bourdieu, Coleman and Halpern in the three dimensions of trust, participation and social interactions. Based on the findings, there was a significant relationship between social capital and national identity. Also, the results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the components of social capital (social trust, participation, social interactions) explained a total of 59% of the changes in the dependent variable (national identity).

Culture is the identity and entity of any nation, which is rooted in its history, beliefs, and customs. The library has acted as a manifestation of national social cultural identity throughout history by preserving and presenting valuable scientific, cultural, and social resources. The current research was conducted to investigate the role of the library in the cultural development and preservation of identity components and consolidation of social and national identity and culture. A systematic method has been used in the present study. The statistical population of this research was 39 scientific research documents about the role of the library in creating national culture and identity. These articles were published in Elmnet, Magiran, Noormagz, Islamic World Science Citation Center, and Emerald scientific databases. The results indicated that the library is a part of the spiritual and civilizational history of mankind and its traces can still be seen over time from ancient times to the present day. Cultural development depends on the growth of awareness, capabilities, and facilities that meet the material and spiritual needs of the library by preserving written works and cultural resources like chain links. It has not only linked the identity of generations and prevented their identity from breaking, but has also reflected the heartbeat of the social and national cultural identity of society.

In the multi-ethnical society of Afghanistan, the mass media present various depictions of Afghan’s plurality, among which, the National Television of Afghanistan’s broadcasting has a special place. In this article, in order to understand the way of representation of national and ethnic identity, national television news has been analyzed with the method of discourse analysis. First, the news of this channel has been observed and then its most important news service (Hasht-e-Shab service), has been selected as a sample and analyzed. The results indicate that the National Television of Afghanistan represents the national and ethnic identity of the country based on the policy of "equalization" in accordance with the nation-building policy of the current government. In line with this policy, this network represents the identity of a particular ethnic group as the main component of the national identity which is acceptable to all; however, it represents a particular ethnic group a lot, but the other ethnic groups very little.