فصلنامه علوم مدیریت ایران
پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1401)

In recent years, the humane society has been faced with fundamental threats of production, supply and distribution of Water, Energy and Food. The geographical location of the country in a semi-arid area, has made the country more vulnerable, specifically in water resources. The extend and complexity of interrelationships amongst water resources and other domains, has made the management and policy-making tasks, extremely challenging. The danger of sub sectional policy making without taking into consideration the consequences of those policies on other related areas, calls for an integrated and holistic view. The Food-Energy-Water nexus (FEW) approach has gained a momentum in the recent years. System dynamics methodology as an effective tool that is capable of analyzing complex and nonlinear relations among variety of variables can be utilized. The current research tries to develop a conceptual model, taking into consideration, the interrelations in the FEW nexus. In order to operationalize the conceptual model, a system dynamics model has been developed and run. The results suggest that, if the current situation were to be continued, the stress on water resources in the area would reach a critical point to extent of the destabilization of a normal life, in the near future. Several scenarios of management intervention have been developed and tested in the research model. The outcome indicates that the reduction in agricultural water usage as well as development and enhancement of waste water treating systems, combined, would have the most effect on reducing the decreasing rate of the water resources.

Banks, as financial intermediaries, should direct capital to various projects and industries in order to play a positive role in sustainable development in societies and fulfill their social responsibilities. However, the banking business models in Iran have not been designed in a way that assure the financial interests of companies and banks through injecting banking resources into production at the same time. Despite the existence of researches on the area of liquidity problems of manufacturing companies, the issue of conflict of financial interests between banks and manufacturing companies has not been resolved yet. This study is aimed at presenting how a model of social banking will reduce the financial conflict between banks and manufacturing firms in Iran. We reviewed theoretical and supporting theories in order to determine the major variables to become finalized by experts through the fuzzy Delphi technique. In order to identify the existing relationships between the variables, we used a questionnaire that were completed by 40 members of a multitasking team. Then, in order to analyze data, we used the fuzzy DMAT technique. The results indicated that in the process of social banking development, the role of sustainable value created factors, strengthening the banking system and financing sustainable projects becomes highlighted and effective factors such as optimal allocation of resources, transparency and access to Banking facilities will lead to sustainable value creation and allocation of banking resources. On the other hand, this value creation, a platform for the growth of businesses, especially in micro and small businesses, has been increased. This process will lead to the development of social entrepreneurship and ultimately will reduce the existing conflict between banks and manufacturing companies ..

Idea generation is considered as a core to entrepreneurship, but it has not been researched enough compared to other related phases, nor has its facilitation stage been studied adequately. The purpose of this study is to search and studies the methods that lead to facilitating entrepreneurial ideation. We did conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review over previous researches that has been indexed in Scopus database. Following a screening of 111 related documents, we found 42 related journal papers to be studied by thematic analysis approach. The results indicate that the methods were grouped into 7 categories and 39 sub-categories. The main categories include: Education, Networking, Practical Experiences, Performing Projects, Communicating Facilitators, Challenges and Mind Stimulating Techniques. These methods affect ideas quantity and quality through cognitive and behavioral changes. As the studies in the field are not integrated and structured, a spectrum from cognitive to behavioral methods is defined as the contribution of this research. Future researches are required to test each method and combinations of them and their effects on ideation skills and results.

The purpose of this study is to design and validate the model of antecedents and consequences of experimental marketing in the banking industry of Iran. The statistical sample for designing the model consisted of experts in the field of customer relationship management was (n=29) and the sample size for validating the designed model using (Cochran method) included (n=384) customers of Refah Bank of Tehran province. In order to design and validate the model we used grounded theory approach and, the structural equation model in the form of partial least squares (PLS) respectively. The results of grounded theory approach was70 open codes that were classified into five categories (individual, psychological, cultural-social, marketing mix and situational factors). The causal conditions, included three categories: (brand experience, experience of using banking services and experience after using banking services), the background factors included three categories: (macroeconomic conditions, customer empowerment and banking industry characteristics), intervention factors were experimental marketing of Iran's banking industry. Also, the axial category of the marketing process was customer perception and expectations based on types of their experience: emotional, cognitive, behavioral, relational, and the experimental marketing strategy in the banking industry was "creating multiple values ​​for bank customers". The experimental marketing in Iran's banking industry may have consequences in the bank, customer and society sectors as well.

Digital transformation and sustainability are two principal challenges in national and worldwide businesses of the 21st century. Considering that these two vital issues among the country's businesses are nascent and new; businesses need to seek experts and specialists to get advice in these two areas. In order to be effective in the process of intellectualizing industries and their customers, the counseling organizations dealing with the issues ought to assess the level of their leadership’s competencies (insight, knowledge and skill) of their managers over areas of sustainability and digital transformation and determine its relationship to customers effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to assess the digital sustainability competencies of business managers and its effects on businesses sustainability in line with transformation and intellectualization of executing the fourth generation of the industry (industry 4.0) in Fanap Infrastructure Company. In this research, we used structural equation modeling (PLS). The  research model comprises of three dimensions of competencies: intellectual, managerial and emotional and sustainable section includes: economic, environmental, social and employee sustainability. The results indicates that each of competence dimensions have significant positive relationship with sustainable dimension.

Due to the globalization of industries and its becoming more competitive, today more than ever, the necessity of an integrated and coordinated distribution system is emphasized for all industries, especially for fast moving consumer goods. The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing criteria in selection of distribution channel based on their importance in the context of electronic supply chain of fast moving consumer goods and prioritize them based on their importance in Vira Ravesh Paya Company which is operating in the field of sales and distribution in e-commerce space. At the stage of determining the research analytical framework, we reviewed the relevant literature and distributed a questionnaire among 10 experts in the field of sales and distribution of fast-moving consumer goods who had adequate knowledge in the electronic supply chain area. The analysis of data revealed there are 2 main criteria and 11 sub-criteria. Then, we applied the best-worst fuzzy decision making technique in order to find the weight of each criterion. Lastly, the information from the weights extracted in the previous step, using a fuzzy WASPAS technique and using  a survey by 3 decision-makers who had participated in the company’s previous study,  the distribution channel has been selected. According to the results, in expressing the main cost and service criteria, the service criterion with a weight of 0.607 was determined as the most important criterion and the cost criterion with a weight of 0.394 was determined as the least important criterion. Also, among the sub-criteria, the transportation cost sub-criterion with a weight of 0.402 is the most important sub-criterion and the order visibility with a weight of 0.066 is the least important sub-criterion of choosing the distribution channel. The other sub-criteria are product variety, customer experience, response time, warehouse and inventory cost, equipment and facilities cost, product availability, returnability, information cost, time to market and order visibility were determined. Then, as a result of the fuzzy WASPAS feedback decision making technique, the distribution channel option, which is storage by the manufacturer/distributor and pickup by the customer, won the first place regarding the optimal distribution channel in the electronic supply chain of fast moving consumer goods.