Modern Care Journal
Volume:20 Issue: 2, Apr 2023

Context: 

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the infection control strategies have affected breastfeeding and mother-newborn contact due to the fear of disease transmission to the baby.

 This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of CPVID-19 transmission by reviewing the currently published articles.

 In this systematic review, 296 articles were first retrieved from IranMedex, SID, IranDoc, Magiran, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, and Google Scholar search engine using the keywords "breastfeeding", "breast", "vertical transfer", "breast milk", "colostrum", "corona", and "COVID-19". Of the 296 retrieved articles, 16 were eligible for the review.

 Reviewed articles included four retrospective cross-sectional studies, one cohort study, eight case reports, and three case series. Overall, the studies reported 237 RT-PCR tests on breast milk and/or nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs from mother or baby, and 156 serum antibody measurements in mother or baby. The overall findings indicated a low risk for COVID-19 transmission from mother to infant through breastfeeding, while breastfeeding was detected to transfer the antibodies to the newborn.

 Due to the low transmission risk, it was recommended that mothers with mild to moderate symptoms should breastfeed their infants with infection control measurements, while mothers with severe symptoms should use pumped breastmilk for feeding their infants.

 The uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the physical and psychosocial health of each individual in the community. Although the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 has been studied in different populations, psychosocial factors (such as solution-focused thinking (SFT) and hope) have not been previously studied in midwifery students.

 This study aimed to determine the SFT and hope levels of midwifery students after distance education applied due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

 This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2020 in the Midwifery Department of the Health Sciences Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey. The research data were collected using a student identification form (SIF), Solution-focused Inventory (SFI), and Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The compliance of the variables to normal distribution was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mean, SD, number and percentage values, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation were used in the analysis of the data. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

 The average age of students was 20.78 ± 1.97 years. The SFI total score mean was 49.63 ± 5.72, and the mean scores of the subdimension of problem disengagement, goal orientation, and resource activation were 12.97 ± 3.55, 17.68 ± 3.17, and 18.97 ± 3.25, respectively. The mean total score for DHS was 48.53 ± 7.18, and the mean scores of the alternative ways thought and acting thinking subdimensions were 24.75 ± 3.86 and 23.78 ± 3.99, respectively. A high level of positive correlation was found between SFI and DHS (r = 0.432; P < 0.001).

 Students who have higher SFT have higher levels of hope. For this reason, as future health professionals, an SFT approach that allows midwifery students to cope with mental disorders to serve in extraordinary situations should be added to educational curricula (such as the solution-focused midwifery course).

 Medication non-adherence among children with mental disorders (MD) is frequent.

 This research examines the association between medication adherence (MA) in children with MD and the perception of satisfaction with the healthcare received.

 A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried out; the survey method was applied to 800 participants who attended from January 2018 to January 2020 at two Children's Psychiatric Hospitals in Mexico City. The Morisky-Green test was applied. Moreover, the patient's perception of their improvement and the reasons for their satisfaction were investigated. A Spearman's correlation analysis was performed between adherence and variables on the patient's perception of improvement.

 Sample of 400 dyads (400 children and their 400 caregivers), children's sample included 63% boys (n = 252). The most prevalent diagnoses were hyperkinetic disorder, with 51% and 34% with depression. Of the sample, 27% adhered to pharmacological treatment. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between adherence and perception of improvement with the functioning variable (rs = 0.550, P < 0.001, and improvement with quality of life (rs = 0.206, P < 0.001).

 Adherence to treatment in children is related to satisfaction in care, and satisfaction is directly related to improvement in functionality and quality of care.

 There is a limited number of psychometric tools for measuring the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers (HCWs). The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a brief questionnaire that identifies dysfunctional anxiety induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

 The authors translated the CAS into Persian and assessed its validity and reliability among Iranian HCWs. First, they calculated the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) based on six psychiatrists’ assessments. Then, 10 medical interns modified the questionnaire for face validity. In addition, 30 psychiatric residents contributed to the test-retest method to evaluate the intergroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Finally, they examined confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validity, based on the responses of participants to the scale, and they used Cronbach's alpha coefficient to assess the internal consistency.

 185 healthcare workers filled out the Persian version of the CAS. In the assessment of the content validity, all five questions of the CAS had CVI > 0.79 and CVR > 0.99, and all were statistically approved. The construct validity showed that the scale is one-dimensional. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α= 0.878) and test-retest stability (ICC= 0.931) were accepted.

 After the localization of the questionnaire, no items were added or subtracted. The CAS presented adequate reliability and validity among Iranian HCWs. Therefore, future epidemiologic studies can consider it a valid scale for HCWs.

 The COVID-19 pandemic has aroused fear and anxiety in many people worldwide.

 The study was conducted to measure the efficacy of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) for mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in students with COVID-19 anxiety.

 This semi-experimental study was conducted as a pre-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included the students of the Tarbiat Modares University in the academic year 2021. To collect the required data, 30 students with COVID-19 anxiety were randomly allocated to control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups. The data collection tools included a questionnaire on COVID-19 anxiety, mental health, PTSD, and OCD. Following the pre-test, ICBT was implemented in eight 90-minute sessions for the experimental group. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 24 and the multivariate covariance analysis were used.

 It was revealed that ICBT could significantly increase mental health (M = 54.26, F = 33.38) and reduce PTSD (M = 67.20, F = 30.43) and OCD (M = 116.13, F = 19.11) in students with COVID-19 anxiety (P < 0.01).

 In general, it can be acknowledged that ICBT has promoted mental health and reduced PTSD and OCD. Accordingly, it is suggested to hold workshops and virtual programs by psychologists for students with COVID-19 anxiety.

 The hospitalization of premature neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is very stressful for parents.

 This study aimed to assess the stressors in parents of premature neonates hospitalized at the NICU in Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb Hospital of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran, within November 2020 to September 2021.

 This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the NICU of Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb Hospital of Rafsanjan. A total of 204 parents with premature neonates admitted to the NICU were selected by the convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a demographic data form and the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistic tests, such as the one-sample t-test, by SPSS software (version 22).

 The most stressful item was in the “sights and sounds” domain belonging to “sudden alarm noises” for both parents, and “needles and tubes put in” in the “neonate’s behavior” domain. The major causes of stress in “parental role alterations” subscales were relevant to “feeling helpless about how to help neonate” and “being separated from neonate” in fathers and mothers, respectively. The comparison of parental stress scores in the total scale for mothers and fathers showed that mothers had higher stress scores in “sights and sounds” and “neonate’s behavior” domains; however, fathers’ scores were higher in “parental role alterations” without any significant differences (P > 0.05).

 Parents of premature neonates deal with NICU stress levels. Nurses’ manners concerning parents play a major role in handling the stressed situation.

 Nurse-physician collaboration is essential for providing effective and safe patient care in intensive care units.

 This study aimed to determine the different viewpoints of nurses working in intensive care units about the barriers to nurse-physician collaboration in Kashan/Iran by 2020.

 This was a cross-sectional study that employed a Q-methodology approach. Thirty intensive care nurses sorted the 24 statements into a 9-column Q-sort diagram ranging from -4 as not important to +4 as very important. The data were analyzed with PQMethod 2.35 software. The centroid factor analysis and varimax rotation were used for data analysis. The corresponding people for each extraction factor in the Q methodology were grouped and classified, and distinguishing statements were determined.

 Four viewpoints were determined that could explain the 52.95% variance in the barriers to nurse-physician collaboration. The factors were named as different professional interests and lack of trust between nurses and physicians (26.77% of variance), goal confusion (10.74% of variance), systemic barriers to collaboration (8.17% of variance), and personal differences (7.25% of variance).

 Nurses had different viewpoints about barriers to nurse-physician collaboration. Different strategies and solutions are needed to improve collaboration, such as education, defining common goals, enhancing collaborative culture, and reaching mutual respect and understanding. Effective teamwork is essential for patient safety and a healthy work environment.

 Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors, health-threatening, and resistant to available treatment approaches for people worldwide.

 This study aimed to evaluate effects of swimming training and a supplement comprising four nanoliposome herbal extracts in a rat model with mid-brain tumor.

 In this experimental study, 56-male-Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g) were divided into eight groups (n = 7): Normal group, model group, model + exe group, model + lipo, model + extract, model + lipo-extract, model + extract-exe, model + lipo-extract + exe. Mid-brain tumor model was induced by injection of the C6 glioma cell line (5 × 105 cell suspension) using stereotaxic techniques in the substantia nigra area of rats. Consumption of nanoformulation of herbals extract (100 mg/kg/day), crude extract (100 mg/kg/day), and swimming training (30 min, 3 days/week) were performed for six weeks. P53, Hras, IL-10, and Casp8 were studied by bioinformatics analysis. We assessed the relative expression of genes in the mid-brain tumor via the quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Beam test and sciatic functional index assessed nerve function and motor coordination.

 In silico analysis highlighted substantial genes with significant differential expression compared to healthy status as biomarkers in pathogenesis conditions. The expression level of the P53 and Hras increased with swimming training and nanoliposomes enriched complex complement. Besides, the expression of the IL-10 and Casp8 decreased with swimming training and nanoliposomes enriched complex complement.

 Our findings show that swimming training and nanoliposome-enriched combined supplements in rats can possibly be considered effective complementary medicine for motor impairment recovery induced by the brain tumor in the substantia nigra area.