نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 59، بهمن و اسفند 1401)

The person with the affective reactivity is prone to mood and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was development an affective reactivity model with symptoms of disruptive behavior disorder through the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the male students of the first grade of secondary school in Ahvaz city 

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male students of the first grade of secondary school in Ahvaz city in the academic year of 2018-2019. 240 male students of the first grade of secondary school in Ahvaz city were selected using random cluster sampling method. Data were collected with demographic questionnaire, "Affective Reactivity Index", "Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale" and "Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire". Construct validity was done by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability by internal consistency method with Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation. Data was analyzed in SPSS. 24 and Amos .24.

Evaluation of the developed model using fit indicators showed that the model has a good fit (IFI = 0.94, NFI=0.89, RMSEA=0.067). In addition, affective reactivity is both directly and indirectly correlated with the symptoms of destructive behavior disorder through cognitive regulation of positive and negative emotions. 

Cognitive regulation of positive and negative emotions plays a mediating role in the relationship between affective reactivity and symptoms of destructive behavior disorder. It is suggested that cognitive emotion regulation training be used in the development of preventive interventions and treatment for people with affective reactivity and destructive behavior disorder.

The family, as an important institution and provider of individual and social health, can always be threatened by various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to marital adjustment as an effective factor in maintaining the marital relationship. The aim of this study was to provide a model of marital adjustment based on self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility mediated by coping strategies.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included married employees of the General Department of Education of Qom province and the education departments of District 1,2,3,4 of Qom city (about 600 people) in 2020, of which 270 people were selected by available sampling method, of which the data of 256 people were analyzed. Research instruments included the demographic questionnaire, the “Dyadic Adjustment Scale”, the “Differentiation of Self Inventory” (Revised), the “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory”, and the “Coping Strategies Questionnaire”. Face validity index and reliability were evaluated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .22 and Amos 16.

Both models presented in this study had a good fit. Both variables of self- differentiation and cognitive flexibility have a direct and significant correlation with marital adjustment (P<0.05) which was more than indirect correlation. Among coping strategies, the scape-avoidance component was able to play a mediating role in the relationship between both variables of self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility with marital adjustment and the seeking social support component played a mediating role in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and marital adjustment.

Self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility had a positive and significant direct correlation with paired adaptation, which was stronger than indirect correlation. The two components of social support seeking and escape-avoidance also played a mediating role. It is suggested that couples and family counselors and therapists pay special attention to training in the proper use of coping strategies, as well as helping to develop cognitive flexibility and client self-differentiation.

‎ Obesity and how fat is distributed in the body, especially in the middle part of the body, is a good predictor of future diseases, and exercise is one of the best non-pharmacological methods in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of de-training following plyometric exercises on obesity indices and physical fitness factors of male students. 

‎ In the present quasi-experimental study, 20 male students from Alborz University physical education students were selected voluntarily and studied in 2 groups of plyometric training 10 people and control group 10 people (homogenized based on body mass index). To collect data, a demographic questionnaire, to evaluate the aerobic power of "Astrand Test", to evaluate the anaerobic power of "Sergeant Jump Test" and to measure the percentage of fat by "Jackson and Pollock Skinfold Test" were used. Also, the subjects' body mass index was measured by dividing weight by height squared (m) and (waist-hip ratio) by dividing waist circumference by pelvic circumference. After evaluating and recording the initial data of the subjects in the intervention group, plyometric exercises were performed for 6 weeks and the post-test data were recorded in the same conditions as the pre-test and after the end of the training period. After evaluating and recording the initial data of the subjects, the intervention group performed plyometric training for 6 weeks, including 3 and 4 sessions per week with one day in between. In the same conditions as the pre-test, the data related to the test phase and after 6 weeks data related to the post-test phase were recorded. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 23.

Findings showed a significant effect of performing plyometric training for 6 weeks on aerobic (34.67±2.43_39.58±2.58‎) and anaerobic capacity (104.23±8.07_132.25 ±6.49‎), waist to hip ratio (0.84±0.17 _ 0.91±0.13‎), body fat percentage (14.54±2.18_11.49 ±2.75‎) and body mass index (23.01±1.68_ 20.08±1.93‎) in plyometric group (P<0.05). However, after 6 weeks of de-training, almost all training achievements for the subjects in the training intervention group disappeared, which indicates the principle of long-term training in performing plyometric training.

Findings confirmed the effect of plyometric training on cardiorespiratory function (significant increase in aerobic capacity) as well as improving health indicators. Therefore, due to the principle of diversity in training and the ease of using the gradual overload process in performing plyometric training (due to the nature of plyometric training), plyometric training in the field of health is recommended as an alternative training method for continuous aerobic training. However, it should be noted that the gains of plyometric training will disappear after a period of non-training.

The social health of female-headed households are affected by factors such as religiosity and social support that their family social support is influenced by religiosity. The aim of this study was to determine the structural relationships between religiosity and social health in female-headed households mediated by family social support.

The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all female-headed households in Rasht in 2019. Among them, 358 people were selected by cluster random sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, "Social Well-being Questionnaire", "Religiosity Questionnaire", "Family Social Support Questionnaire" were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.24 and Amos.24.

The total path coefficient between religiosity and family social support (P <0.01, β= 0.266) and the total path coefficient between family social support and social health (P <0.01, β= 0.492) were positive and significant at the level of 0.01. The indirect path coefficient between religiosity and social health was positive and significant at the level of 0.01 (P<0.01, β=0.131). 

In the present study, it was concluded that family social support mediates the relationship between religiosity and social health among female-headed households. In order to empower and improve the mental health of female heads of households, it is suggested to hold educational workshops under the title of religiosity and provide family social support to these women.

Stress due to the changes and increasing pressures of today's life is inevitable and is a risk factor for changing health behaviors. Changing eating-related behaviors is a style of coping with stress. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of perceived stress with eating behaviors in medical students of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Medical Sciences Branch in 2019. 

The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all medical students studying in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Medical Sciences Branch in 2019. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling and 300 students were selected. The instruments used included a demographic questionnaire, the “Perceived Stress Scale”, and the “Dutch's Eating Behavior Questionnaire”. Face validity and content validity ratio were measured based on the Lawshe table and reliability was measured by the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 22. 

Mean and standard deviation of perceived stress were restrained, emotional, and external eating behaviors were 26.33 (6.17), 30.38 (9.71), 33.52 (9.85), and 29.38 (7.26), respectively. A positive and significant correlation was found between perceived stress and emotional eating behavior components (r=0.450, P<0.001) and external (r=0.341, P<0.001). This correlation was moderate and 20.2% and 11.6% of the behaviors could be explained by stress, respectively. Also, the correlation between perceived stress and restraint was inverse and significant but weak (r= -0.270, P<0.001), and only 7.3% of restrained eating behavior was explained by perceived stress. 

There is a positive correlation between perceived stress and emotional and external eating behavior components and a negative correlation with the restrained eating component. Understanding stress can be an important therapeutic goal for inappropriate eating behaviors among students. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out intervention programs to improve people's eating behaviors and control obesity by considering the state of tension.

Hypertension is one of the most important health issues in the world and patients do not follow the treatment instructions and do not control their disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on "Pender Health Promotion Model" on adherence to treatment of patients with hypertension.

The present study was conducted in a semi-experimental, controlled and randomized manner. The research population included all patients with primary hypertension who were referred to Shahid Beheshti Health Center in Kashan city in 2017 to start or continue treatment. 88 patients who met the conditions for entering the study were selected by by convenience sampling method. Patients were replaced in intervention and control groups (44 patients in each group) by a simple random lottery method. Both groups received routine training from the health center. The study instruments included a demographic questionnaire and "Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Hypertension". Face validity was measured by qualitative method and reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the intervention group, educational content was designed based on "Pender's Health Promotion Model" and was implemented in 6 sessions of 45 to 60 minutes. The data was analyzed in SPSS .16.

Prior to the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of mean treatment adherence. However, after the intervention, in the patients of the intervention group, the mean score of adherence to treatment was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). 

Education based on the “Pender Health Promotion Model” improved adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is suggested that this model be used in combination with drug therapies to increase adherence to treatment and improve blood pressure control in patients with hypertension.

In today's competitive world, highly productive employees are the biggest competitive advantage for organizations. Leadership style is one of the factors that can be effective in the occurrence of this mental state. The aim of the current research is to determine the correlation of toxic leadership and organizational inertia with the mediating role of social loafing among the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

The current research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research is made up of 303 managers and experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, of which 181 people were selected as a statistical sample. Data collection instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Toxic Leadership Scale", "Organizational Inertia Questionnaire", and "Social Loafing Questionnaire". The validity of the instruments was measured by face validity (by qualitative method), convergent and divergent validity. Also, composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were checked and confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instruments. Data analysis with Smart PLS software .3 and SPSS. 24 is done.

The model had a good and acceptable fit and all paths (hypotheses) were confirmed with high confidence. The analysis of fit indexes of the structural model indicated that the model has a good fit and therefore has a high ability to measure the main variable. The weakest correlation is between toxic leadership and social loafing.

With the presence of the mediating variable of social loafing in the relationship between toxic leadership and organizational inertia, it is significant for the direct path between toxic leadership and organizational inertia. The model has a good fit and a high ability to measure the main variable. Also, the weakest correlation is between toxic leadership and social loafing. It is suggested that the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, by giving importance to the leadership style of the organization, can prevent the destructive behavior of the employees, such as loafing, and improve their performance and prevent them from leaving the organization.

Effective communication is the foundation of a healthy and successful family. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy” (ACT) and "Compassion Focused Therapy" (CFT) and " Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enriched with Compassion " on communication patterns of married women suffering from depression and marital conflicts referred to counseling and psychological centers in Mashhad. 

The method of the current research was semi-experimental of type pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study included married women suffering from depression and marital conflicts who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Mashhad in 2019. 60 people were selected by sampling in convenience method. Then by simple randomization (lottery), they were divided into 4 groups: "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy", "Compassion-Focused Therapy", "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enriched with Compassion " and the control group. (15 people in each group). Data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire, “Communication Patterns Questionnaire”, “Beck Depression Inventory-II” and “Marital Conflict Questionnaire”. Content validity was calculated by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instruments. The first intervention group received "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and the second intervention group "Compassion-Focused Therapy" and the third intervention group "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enriched with Compassion" in 8 90-minute training sessions, and the control group was on the waiting list for received intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS. 21.

There is a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up communication patterns in the intervention and control groups (P<0/01). The results of the Bonferroni pairwise comparison test indicate that the significance level of the test of all 3 intervention groups with the control group is less than 0.05 (P<0/01) and this difference is more for the "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enriched with Compassion" group. 

"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and “Compassion Focused Therapy" and "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enriched with Compassion" are effective on communication patterns and "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Enriched with Compassion" has been more effective in improving communication patterns over time. Therefore, it is suggested that the principles of this type of therapy be used in cultural and family centers such as family cultural centers of the country to prevent conflict in the future relationships of couples by using short-term training courses.