مجله مطالعات ادبیات کودک
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

GHESSE HAYE MAJID is the most important book of HOushang Moradi Kermani that became famous in Iran and all over the world. This book has thirty nine stories and has written with the public language and culture. GHESSE HAYE MAJID has attractive stories and pleasurable prose. The writer of this article studies to understand what kind of the prose there is in the GHESSE HAYE MAJID. This article that has been done with the description and analysis methods showed both of the stories and prose are simple and popular among people and it is a melodious text with the popular and natural rhetoric. Houshang Moradi Kermani uses of the capacity in the public language especially the kenning. In the sentences of the stories melodious elements is seen for example: the repetition and the onomatopoeia. In the GHESSE HAYE MAJID descriptive sentences is seen that have two meanings: denotation and connotation as a result they are kenning. Some kennings are written with the synonyms because his main addressers are children and youths. In this article also rhetoric uses of the kenning and properties of simile are studied.

"Lamia" is one of the Greek myths who changed to a monster because of an event. Then she lived in remote places and damaged children. In this study, "Lamia" has been investigated as a woman-monster based on Jung theory and the "Lamia"‘s antagonist has been analyzed on basis of A Jungian theory which is modeled by Carol S. Pearson in her book titled: Mapping the Organizational Psyche: A Jungian Theory of Organizational Dynamics and Change. The cases of studies are the Tangled and White Forehead Deer. The reason for selecting of these two cases is that Lamia is presented properly. Mainly questions of this study including Why does Lamia appear in these stories? And how can the protagonist overcome her? The purpose of this essay is also to show the connection between stories and deep human issues that may appear as monsters in the story. According to Jungi's psychological perspective "Lamia" in these two stories is a symbol of Mother Complex. In these two stories, Heroine after "Facing Lamia", which here symbolizes "human defect," enters the path of heroic journey and eventually achieve happiness.

A new Movement (Moj-e Nou) came into being in Iran in 1341 with the collection of poems "Tarh" by AhmadReza Ahmadi. This movement,was a transcendence of the patriarchal domination of symbolism and romanticism and structuralism in Nimai poetry, and a tendency towards a kind of surrealist and deconstructive view of the phenomena of existence and humanity. The transformation of poetry into a simple and fluent prose, the extensive use of imagination, visualization to give objectivity to poetic realities and the achievement of pure and rare images are the most important features of Moj-eno poetry. None of this movwment images do not seek to prove anything, but are themselves a new and unique event. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of this movement poetry on children's book illustration in Iran, to achieve a new image structure and illustrators' approach to children's book illustration. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question: What is the trend of the new Movement and its influential components on the style of children's book illustration in Iran? What is the relationship between text and image in the illustration of New Movement poetry books? The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical. The research community includes ten stories from Ahmad Reza Ahmadi's children's poem, illustrated under the title "Rang-e Eshgh Collection". It is also a method of analyzing qualitative effects. The findings show that the flow of this movement in contemporary poetry and, consequently, its effect on deconstruction in the illustration of children's books became a dominant trend; So that from the eighties onwards, we are witnessing the artistic emergence of works that have removed the border of fantasy and reality in fictional images.

The existence of validity techniques and technical considerations in the text, especially the text written for the adolescent audience, reveals the necessity of critique and review of literature more than ever. In the meantime, the investigation of the unreliable narrator becomes more important in a teenage novel. Because the author intends to turn the adolescent from an audience to a well-informed critic by creating contradictions, uncertainties and suspension of text using invalid narrator. This study, using descriptiveanalytical method, investigates the causes and evidence that narrator was unreliable and effects of it on the epistemological aspect of the adolescent novel When mozhi lost by Hamidreza Shahabadi and using the existing contradictions and contradictions in the text to take a step forward to increase the critical reading abilities in adolescent readers. The result shows that from one hand, factors such as being children, the narrator's personal conflict with story characters, with content signs, such as the insufficient reporting, the contradiction between the story realities and the narrator's point of view and the narrator's confessions to lying leads to a reduction in the audience's trust towards the narrator. On the other hand, the story, which is more of the recognition and discovery of causes and factors of the story of the story, stands out in the epistemological dimension. And the unreliable narrator, with the contradictions who creates in the text, is a mean that challenges that cognition and knowledge and considers it relative.

Considering human as an embodied perceiver and body as a socio-cultural phenomenon; cultural body, physical shape and behavior, holy and impure body, object-body, subject-body, etc. were proposed and valuated in different discourses. Julia Kristeva’s abjection theory deals with language, subject, and the impure/ abject relationship. Abjection is the process of ejecting something considered unclean by the subject and with this scheme she tries to defend her subjectivity’s sanctum, a subjectivity created by lingual ejections and dejections. Since the impure/ abject always exists in some way, there always exists the tension between subject and impurity. In-process subject makes connections with her body, others, or other objects in language and through language. The present article considering body experience in sociology discourse deals with Kristeva’s abjection theory and object-body of subject/ girls in Farhad Hassanzadeh’s “Hasti”, Fariba Dindar’s “Dear Squirrelfish”, and Shadi Khoashkar’s “Diaries of the Back of the Class Tree” novels. It shows how symbolic order/ thing portrays subjects/ girls’ bodies during puberty and especially when faced with menstrual blood as unholy, impure, and unclean. The belief to the objectiveness of body is appeared in/to forms and attitudes such as subjects’ nausea, secrecy, rejection, escape, denial, panic, and shame. The new body situation is ejected and pushed to the side as the impure. This abjection both denies the teenager the possibility of body’s common and reasonable living during teen hood and keeps her in the fear and anxiety of the manner of escaping from this impurity.

Saeed Naji is one of the activists of the philosophy program for children in Iran who has done a lot of research in this field. One of his most important works is the story of " the Philosopher's Child, Leila ", which he has adapted from the philosophical story " a Child at School, Lisa," by Matthew Lipman, the founder of philosophy for children. He has tried to preserve the structure and philosophical content of this work, to adapt it to our beliefs and culture. To this end, using the methods of adding, deleting, refining, changing the title and matching, has made changes in the content and structure of Lisa's story. Comparison of these two stories shows that the author's emphasis on localization has affected some components of philosophical adequacy such as credibility, philosophical discourse, open end, etc., and by damaging the philosophical function of Leila's story, this story has caused Philosophical adequacy to act weaker than its predecessor.

The rise of the feminist social movement in the 1960s and 1970s challenged various dimensions of the art world. Feminists' Attention to the Art of Logical Consequence The main commitment of feminism is to address the attitudes that men and women have towards the position of women in the society of their time. Art derived from this movement, by deliberately interpreting and refuting the meaning of all traditional aesthetic values ​​and by challenging the central core concept of art and the old focus of art history on painting, architecture and sculpture, has joined important artistic movements and created movements within it. Has also been. Illustration is no exception as a branch of the visual arts that has played a key role in both storytelling and information sharing, as well as in our understanding of the modern world. This research, which is applied from the perspective of purpose, has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and by studying feminism and some forms of this thought seeks to answer the question of how feminist theories are reflected in contemporary works of art, especially in the field of illustration. In this regard, in the field of children's book illustration, among the works of two Iranian illustrators, the book Do Doost (Two Friends) by Hodā Haddādi and the book The Parrot and the Merchant by Marjān Vafāeiān, in which feminist approaches can be seen, were selected as an example. The results of this study show that the feminist approach in the works of these two illustrators goes beyond gender stereotypes and raises issues such as women's power of choice and activity, woman-woman and woman-nature relationship, women's presence in the public arena and women's job position in relation. Visible with power structure.

One of the most important and obvious features of children is asking countless questions in various fields. This characteristic of the child, which is rooted in his curiosity and truth-seeking, is one of the general human characteristics that is more evident in childhood. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the nature of child questioning and how to nurture and direct this ability through storytelling. Children's stories are a good platform for cultivating the power of creativity and thinking, as well as strengthening and directing the child's questioning characteristics. This research uses a qualitative approach, and by examining documents, to collect data and uses the method of deductive qualitative content analysis to analyze the data. The subject of this study is the story of "Truth and the Wise Man", which is analyzed from this angle. Findings show that some children's stories, by creating a form and experience of life, expose the child to a set of opportunities and situations, although artificial, but carefully designed. Give. Some other stories, by inviting the child to participate in creating the meaning of the story, on the one hand involve him in the process of creating the story in a questioning, active and participatory manner, and on the other hand focus on him having the concept, meaning and They disrupt a certain form of life. In addition, the type of characterizations, perspective, events and happenings, the way the theme is displayed, the background color, etc. can create a mental challenge and encourage the child to ask questions and invite him to participate. Actively influence the process of constructing meaning in the story or his passive accompaniment.

Young adult novels are the realm of adolescent encounters with situations, concepts, and themes Which is sometimes related to her age and sometimes untimely experiences. "Call me Ziba" is a novel written by Farhad Hassanzadeh, which shows a teenage girl trying to overcome an unwanted situation..In revolt theory, in textual action and social action, Kristova discusses the encounter of the semiotic and the symbolic in literary texts as well as in the entertainment society..This research interprets and analyzes the novel with a descriptive and interpretive approach based on Kristova's theory of revolt and other opinions that are related to this theory..In this novel, the semiotic and the symbolic are expressed in newspapers and stories, which have an intertextuality link, respectively.."Ziba", the novel's teenage character who lives in an orphanage, tries to revolt against the society of the entertainment, which has deprived her of her home and identity.Rebellion against the symbolic, but this rebellion is finally realized on another level with the author entering the story, breaking the symbolic and returning to the semiotic, in the literature as a house, identity and immortality .

Translated literature constitutes a large share of children’s literature in Iran; however, few studies have investigated the broad spectrum of its aspects. Against this backdrop, the present study investigated the translations of a young adult novel in terms of the components of cultural identity. Initially, according to the definition given by Holliday, the elements of cultural identity in the novel were identified. Then, adopting a cultural approach, the Persian translations were investigated to identify the manipulated components. It was revealed that the most important components of identity in the novel are language, food, occupation and education, ontological attitudes and relationships. The analysis of the translations revealed that language was manipulated more than other components. This is majorly because the sociolects used in the novel to mark the first-generation immigrants to the U.S and also the young adults were standardized in the translations. Additionally, although the general sexual content of the novel was preserved in the translations, it was undergone manipulative procedures. As for the ontological views of the characters, they were kept in the translations despite being in partial contrast with the dominant attitudes in the Iranian society. These observations confirm the claim that translations involve less supervisory strictness compared with authored works. To investigate the effect of manipulations on the translations in their entirety, the observations were discussed in terms of Bhabha's concept of “hybridity”. Then, considering the position of Iranian translated literature for young adults in the literary polysystem, the current trend was justified.

The pathology of selected and widely read books in children's literature (the evaluation of similarity and dissimilarity of children's, reviewers', and adult critics' taste of child in the selection of superior books). (Case study: Members and publications of Children Pedagogy Institute of Iran.) Based on the previous studies, children's literature in Iran in the fourteen century AD has made progress both qualitatively and quantitatively, specifically in recent decades. Studying children's literature and assessing it in a comprehensive way is undoubtedly necessary. Experts, critics and reviewers in children's literature try to choose and introduce the selected works in various programs each year; but are their choices compatible with the taste of children and teenagers? No qualified scientific research has been done in line with this issue yet. The obvious question of the present study is: Are children's and teenager's books which have been chosen by critics and reviewers as superior, are the ones that are accepted by the audience that are children? If not, what is the problem? In this research, after the extraction of widely read works of Children Pedagogy Institute in the mentioned period, and then the selected works from adult critics' perspective, the results of the two groups will be compared and discussed. After investigating and comparing the case studies, in addition to the achievement of the criteria of the assessment and selection of children's books by children and the critics of children’s books, there will be a pathology over the type of these criteria.

The general aim of this study is the pathology and recognition of the similarity and dissimilarity of children's, reviewers', and adult critics' taste of child in the selection of superior books.

Mehdi Azaryazdi is known as the father of the Persian Child Literature. Amongst his works, the "Good Stories for Good Children" book series have gained a lot of popularity and are considered as the most widely circulated work of child literature in Iran. Through the present study, in order to find the pattern of understanding (i.e. hermeneutical orientation) of Azaryazdi, a comprehensive sample of 121 rewritten stories of his collection are reviewed. Then their differences with the original (i.e. ancient) stories are classified. Hereby, seven categories of changes are identified. These seven types of changes are conclusively the outcome of author’s understanding of A) ancient texts, B) his own mission and duty, and C) the audiences (i.e. children).According to the research findings, in each of these three stages of understandings, Azaryazdi believes in A) Possibility of objective understanding, B) Complete and true understanding, and C) Just one single true interpretation of texts, contexts, or whatever which is the subject of understanding. In his view, the meaning and function of words are permanently fixed. Though, by emphasizing on moral concepts, he does not allow his audiences to have a different or opposite understanding of the purpose of his writings. Therefore, it is concluded that the pattern of his understanding is matched with the traditional hermeneutics; particularly harmonized with Schleiermacher's style.