مجله مطالعات ادبیات کودک
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 28، پاییز و زمستان 1402)

TThe purpose of this study was to investigate the problem-solving stages and the characteristics of problem-solvers in children's animations based on the Dewey problem-solving stages and the characteristics of Griffin problem-solvers. The present study was in the paradigm of qualitative research. The animations studied in this study included 10 animations from the Oscar-selected animations that were randomly selected. These animations were examined using the method of deductive content analysis based on the "Dewey" problem solving steps and the characteristics of "Griffin" problem solvers. The results showed that among the problem-solving stages, the most important step was related to providing solutions and reviewing solutions, and the lowest stage was to formulate the results and evaluate them. Among the 10 animations analyzed, Sprited Away and Zootopia had the most problem-solving stages and the brave and frozen animations had the least problem-solving stages. Another result of the research was the analysis of the properties of problem solvers, most of which were related to previous knowledge. The characteristics of seeking help and producing different solutions were observed. Among the animations analyzed in this section, Coco, Sprited Away and Zootopia animations had the most problem-solving features and high and brave animations had the least frequency..

Children in various social settings and through their interactions and relationships with others, undergo a series of experiences known as lived experiences. These experiences, which contribute to the development of children's mindsets, judgment, and behavior, cause to reflect in children's writings when they want to write their own writings. As Aroosak-e-Sokhangoo magazine allows children to create literary works as writers for themselves, this study analyzes the content relationship between what child laborers wrote there and their lived experiences. To this end, the present study examines three autobiographical works of child laborers in this magazine based on John Dewey's theory on the relationship between people's lived experiences and the works they create. The child laborers as writers were then provided with different questionnaires in the form of written interviews to determine whether these writings reflected their lived experiences or not. Even though some children avoided revealing or denied the truth while answering the questions, the research findings suggest that the content of this category of autobiographical works, depending on child laborers' conditions in society and family settings, openly or covertly reflects and emerges from their lived experiences and sometimes they are from their hidden traumas and complexes.

The purpose of this article is to explain how Sarrami knew the world based on the theory of conceptual metaphor. this paper, we show that, according to cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not merely linguistic, but it is a tool for cognition. The theoretical framework of this paper is indebted to theory of Johnson's image schemas. In this article, after explaining the metaphor and introducing the theory of image schemas, we report the image schemas of Sarrami poetry. This article concludes that the image schemas of this poem show the poet's cognitive system and strengthen the foundation of his experiences to achieve a specific language. By discovering conceptual metaphors in this work, it can be understood that the images of this poem originate from the unity of the poet's attitude and stable actions with the cultural and physical environment, etc., and ultimately lead to the formation of a specific language. This article is an analytical-descriptive method based on library studies

Archetypes have specific position in children literature and play significant role in decoding their suggestive meanings. This study aims at analyzing the picture book, Bohlool Anecdotes (2020), in order to determine the role of archetypes in self-actualization of children and young adults. This research is conducted by using descriptive-analytic methodology. Analysis of data is made by using SPSS software. Through “Authentic Creative Research Method", the researcher will combine Jung’s theory of “Individualism” with Lotfabadi’s theory of “Religious-Moral Development” for conducting archetypal criticidm of the selected text. The findings indicate that“Sage” among Yungian archetypes and “Humor” within moral teachings have the highest frequencies. To conclude, the familiarity of the painter and writer with children’s world has led into the correct relationship between image and text. For scrutinizing the impacts of archetypes on moral development of the eastern children, it is better to mix the ideas of native psychologists rooted in human nature with the western psychological theories.

One of the most prolific writers in the field of rewriting ancient literary texts is Mrs. Mozhgan Sheikhi, who has rewritten a number of stories for children such as Golestan, Bostan, Kalileh and Damaneh, Qaboos Nameh,Mantiq-ut-Tayr,etc. This article examines the structure of this author's rewritten stories from Golestan Saadi's six children's stories and compares them with the original text using a descriptive-analytical method and using library information collection tools. The findings of the research show that there is no noticeable change in the general framework of the work, but the range of rewritings has become wider than the original text. Describing the performance and appearance of the characters, increasing the dialogues, and in some cases, internal expression is among the rewriting techniques to make the story more interesting. The tone of the dialogue has changed from literary and poetic to a simple tone that matches the characters to some extent. The point of view in all rewritten texts is the omniscient narrator. In some stories, rewriting brought the point of view closer to the dramatic point of view, but did not change the content and theme. Sheikhi was not innovative in naming people and used common names in the original text. The language in the transcript is simple and formal. But sometimes difficult words, long sentences, incorrect omissions, and excessive use of the conjunction "and" between sentences have harmed the simplicity and fluency of the text. In all the stories, common terms and ironies are used significantly, some of which are incomprehensible and difficult for the target audience. Although the rewriter has sometimes achieved success in rewriting the work, there is a need for his rewrites to approach Saadi's artistic subtleties and tricks..

Semanalysis is a method composed of psychoanalysis and semiotics that Kristeva invented to study the subjectivity process. According to Kristeva, human is a divided subject made of two different dimensions of language: one is the masculine dimension of language, known as the symbolic, and the other is its feminine dimension, known as the semiotics. The process of signification (and, correspondingly, the process of subjectivity) begins with the abjection of the mother's body and the leaving of Chora. From the lexical point of view, Chora means the mother's womb, and from the conceptual point of view, it is the reservoir of semiotic matter and the physical place for the formation of the first signs. Language, as the embodiment of the symbolic, determines the boundaries of the subject's identity by withdrawing the semiotic; But the rejected semiotic does not disappear; Rather, in the form of "desire to return to Chora", it always keeps the boundaries of the speaking subject's constructed identity under threat. Kristeva considers the only channel to restore the feminine semiotic and return to the maternal Chora as "revolution in poetic language". Kristeva means this language revolution, defiance of the systems based on male symbolic. The picturebook "Celestial Stone" is one of the titles of the ten-volume series "The Bald Athlete and Her Horse Kori" written by Ms. Parirokh and illustrated by Ms. Keiqobadi (1400) for +8 age group. Based on this, I will use the qualitative content analysis method of comparative type, while re-reading the mentioned work on how the relationship between returning to maternal chora and relieving the depression of modern man. The result of the research shows that the modern subject, who is depressed due to the dominance of the symbolic dimension of language and the loss of maternal chora, can achieve balance by restoring the semiotic.

Modern fantasies are the continuation of myths and folk tales being directly or indirectly influenced and inspired by the characters and elements used in these genres. Characters from another world, which seem to us impossible, stepping into the real world of the people and their behaviours, like mythological characters, seem implausible and far from our access. The characteristics and actions of fantastic characters reflect our own dreams and desires, exactly like as the ancient myths and epics which have reflected our ancestors` concerns and wishes and answered their questions.In the novel Eyeglasses for the Dragon, by mohammadhadi mohammadi the author attempts to draw the attention of the new generation to the significance of legends, epics, folk tales, etc. In this article, an attempt has been made to compare the similarities and differences between the dragon in this novel and mythological-epic dragons (particularly the ones in the Shahnameh) and consequently answer this important question: if the purpose of the fantasy is drawing the attention of the young generation to fairy tales and the element of the dragon is supposed to appear in the fairy tale, why has the dragon not been mentioned even once in the whole novel despite the presence of the two story tellers in the novel, i.e. Bibi Torang and Naneh Ejdeha?

In this article, the stylistic features of two prominent writers and poets of children's literature in the contemporary period, Mahmoud Kianoosh and Nasser Keshavarz, have been studied. The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. Nasser Keshavarz has succeeded in using various literary crafts in creating images, creating a magical feeling and passion, consolidating his poems and strengthening the musical dimension and beautifying his poetry, as well as applying the science of expression in both fields (verbal and spiritual). In his poetry, the crafts of repetition, exaggeration, proportion, modesty and allusion have a high frequency, which shows the poet's attention and sensitivity to the musical dimension of the poem. Kianoosh, on the one hand, because of his knowledge of world literature, and on the other hand, because of his connection with the world of children, was able to recite poems for children that have both a strong literary image and are suitable for the world of children in line with the current teachings in the country's education system. By capturing the weights and forms of ancient poetry, he was able to create various but appropriate weights and forms for children and adolescents, and in fact create a flow. In one sentence, it can be said that Mahmoud Kianoosh founded and identified poetry for children in Iran.

In Iran until now, comics have been mostly created in four major genres, which are: religious genre, epic genre, war genre and folk genre. Folk genre is one of the genres that pay attention to local culture. And it is always more important in children's comic strips, and since the arrival of comics in Iran, local and folk stories and legends, proverbs, proverbs and anecdotes have been narrated and illustrated in a special form of comics. The statistical population of the study is children's comic books, such as: Ehsan Mandezadi comic, Moshlab Abad comic, Mahname Ya Nabat comic from the works of Saeed Razaghi, the majority of comics in this genre belong to him. The results show that in the folk genre, moral and social issues are expressed in order to familiarize with the correct way of life. In folk genre stories, the goal is to learn and make children pay attention to Iranian proverbs.

One of the functions of reader-response criticism is to provide a suitable platform for the reader's discovery and participation in creating meaning in the text. The Clear cut gaps are among the components that determine the reader's participation in expanding or limiting the meaning in the reading process. The subject of this research is the novel “Light a Candle for Me” from the list of the Flying Turtle in the research quarterly for children and teenagers, with the approach of Chambers, which has received five Flying Turtle awards. The author entrusted parts of the narrative to the narrator to develop in the text and in the form of direct and indirect description of the emotional and value world of the characters, especially describe the protagonist who is a teenage girl. However, in some parts of the novel, he has created Clear-cut gaps that draw the implied reader perception into the text, and he describes and splits the hidden layers of meaning and interprets them at different formal and meaningful levels such as stylistic, descriptivel levels, characterization, communicative and ideological ones. it deals with the emotional ideological concerns of the main character of the story

Examining and reviewing the formal and semantic layers of Persian language stories is one of the tasks in the field of contemporary literary criticism. The cultural and linguistic functions of folk tales are the reason for preserving and examining them via literary criticism. They also increase the importance of such stories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the folk tale of "the Pearl Leaf" by Enjavi Shirazi based on structuralists and poststructuralists’ viewpoint. So, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach based on Greimas’ theory, the method of producing and receiving the meaning of this story has been studied and analyzed. Greimas, the semantic semiotician, sought to provide a coherent model for the study of narrative, which was later called the modern semantic semiotics. According to him, the important thing is to know the process of text production from the time of transmission to reception, based on the Actantial and sensitivity elements. In this way, fiction can be considered as a suitable platform for discourse exploration and integration of literature and discourse; since linguistic narrative has opened new windows in the field of fiction. In this study, using the theme of this story, different types of intelligent discourse system and their factors have been extracted. Finally, it has been concluded that although this story comes from the heart of popular culture (folklore), with an appearance simple, yet complex and coherent form, it has a specific structural and narrative pattern and form- Propp's morphology - which has made it fully compatible with Greimas’ theory of semantic semiotics.

The fusion of human life with non-human and nature in the era of myth and prehistory was such that man took the first steps in the way of knowing and interacting with his environment. He had a mysterious view of the natural world and saw his life as tied to the survival of other creatures. Natural epics speak of such a world. Considering the changes that have taken place in the relationship between man and nature and the change in the attitude and view of man towards nature and other creatures, this question can be asked about the works of adaptation of natural epics: to what extent did the adaptor The original has been consistent and to what extent has it been used in the narrative in accordance with the view and thought and even the environmental needs of today's man?In this research, with a descriptive-comparative method and with an ecological approach, to describe and compare the relationship between man and nature in the story of Kiyomarth of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and its adaptation; That is, the first king of the world, by Mohammad Reza Yousefi, and we have answered this question. The obtained result showed that in the story of Kiyomarth of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, an interactive view between man and nature can be observed. Kiyomarth is a wise and wise Pasha, with whom humans and non-humans live peacefully. They learn religion and rituals from him, and their only enemy is the devil who tries to disrupt the harmonious system of man and nature