نشریه مطالعات جنگ
پیاپی 11 (زمستان 1400)

According to the orders of the Supreme Leader, the vicious policies of arrogance in our region are to create proxy wars, therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explain proxy wars, key factors, drivers and evidence of this war. The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a part of future exploratory research in terms of method, which has been done by Delphi and scenario writing method. The statistical population of the study is 10 military defense strategists who were selected by purposeful method and the required information was collected by Delphi method and explained in the framework of scenario writing model. At the end, key factors, drivers and evidence of this war were identified. Because of the high cost of direct warfare, human casualties, economic hardship, and dissatisfaction with public opinion, global arrogance, led by the United States, is reluctant to enter the war directly and to provoke Encourage countries or religious ethnic groups to go to war with the Islamic Republic of Iran and provide them with financial, economic, political and military support in such a way that in appearance the deputy or deputies of such a war pursue their goals, but in reality the goals and interests The national of the country or supporting countries in the region is realized.

The aim of the present study is to identify and prioritize the threat factors in terms of (type and means) in the scene of future wars. For this purpose, by reviewing the research literature and previous studies, a total of 14 primary factors related to the type and tools of threats were identified. In order to confirm the identified factors, a questionnaire was distributed among 241 experts and finally 230 questionnaires were collected. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha test and content validity was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index, which showed the reliability and validity of the questionnaire (items). In order to screen the primary key factors, the face validity of the questionnaire items was examined and a total of 8 factors were selected as the most important and final factors. Then, using exploratory factor analysis, the identified factors were classified into two types and types of tools. In the next stage, the pairwise (fuzzy) comparison questionnaire was designed and distributed among the experts, and finally 15 completed questionnaires were collected. Then, threat factors are prioritized using two methods of fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS. Finally, the results of factor prioritization along with practical suggestions for the study population are presented.

After the first Arab-Israeli war in 1948, in 2014, war broke out again between Israel and Palestinian groups. 2018 is considered to be the last Arab-Israeli war; However, it has had a number of implications, including a violation of Israel's complete deterrence. This war, which has been unequally waged between the two sides, is one of the asymmetric wars. The main question related to the subject of this study is whether Israel was able to achieve complete deterrence against asymmetric attacks by Palestinian groups in the 2014 war, despite the relative achievement of its goals? In answer to this question, the hypothesis is that Israel in the 2014 war, despite its relative achievement of its goals, was not very successful in creating a complete deterrent to attacks by Palestinian groups. Due to the nature of war, we chose the theory of asymmetric warfare as the theoretical framework of the article. The study will be conducted in the Israel-Gaza area and for a period of 51 days (July 8-August 26, 2014). Also, the first part of the article is descriptive-explanatory and the second part is analytical and the sources are collected based on the library-internet method.

The purpose of this study is a case study of the role of military command style from the perspective of Amir Shahid General Sayad Shirazi (decision making, planning and planning, organization, coordination and control, motivation and initiative) in impact-oriented operations against emerging military threats. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes the commanders of Nezaja regional camps in 1397. Due to the fact that the number of regional and tactical bases is limited and therefore the number of statistical population is equal to the sample size. In this study, two questionnaires of military command style and impact-based operations against emerging military threats were used to collect data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable of impact-based operations against emerging military threats. After performing the above test and at a significance level of 0.5, the accuracy of the research hypotheses was confirmed and it was found that the components of military command style in impact-based operations have an impact against emerging direct military threats.

In the age of information and communication technology, the increasing development of new cyber technologies has fundamentally changed all areas of human life, including defense and military. Recognizing the challenges and threats of these emerging technologies and preparing for smart encounters with tech giants is a constant concern for policymakers and cyber stakeholders. Therefore, futures research, in-depth exploratory study and review and analysis of authentic world documents and reports in this field is essential. In this study, after examining IoT technologies, cloud computing, big data, and physical cyber systems, examples of their applications in military and defense organizations as well as cyber threats have been considered. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-case-specific in terms of data collection method. In order to collect data, library resources, reputable scientific sites, internal and external documents and reports have been used and the approach used to analyze the data is qualitative. The results of this study show that although the use of these technologies can improve the quality and efficiency of the operational environments of defense organizations; But proper use of their benefits and capabilities, due to cyber threats, requires communication infrastructure and dedicated networks. Therefore, to prevent strategic negligence in accepting and using these technologies, one must reconcile concerns about access to sensitive information, ensuring data security, and attractive and tempting performance.

Understanding the facts of geography and paying attention to the human and natural capacities of the geographical environment is very important. Southeastern Iran, Makran coast is one of the key points in the Oman Sea due to its geopolitical and geoeconomic capacities and is the Achilles heel of the development of landlocked countries (Central Asia - Russia and Afghanistan). The idea of ​​tribes apart from their geographical area and location is a false one. The tribes provide a series of new privileges and potentials for the country. The main question of the article is whether the development of Makran beaches, considering the geopolitical and geo-economic capacities of the southeastern region of the country, is effective in terms of ethnic and religious convergence? The purpose of this study is to explain the geopolitical and geoeconomic capacities of the southeastern coastal region and also the reason for the backwardness of this region, and finally solutions to overcome this bottleneck to achieve sustainable development will be presented. This research has used the SWOT method. The results of the research indicate that the development of Makran beaches is effective in creating ethnic and religious convergence and will be the key to the development of sustainable security in the region and ultimately in the country.