پژوهش نامه مطالعات مرزی
پیاپی 38 (زمستان 1401)

]the goal of this research; Examining and analyzing the effects and results of changes in the management approach and actions resulting from it in the border areas, so that by identifying its weaknesses and strengths, it is possible to adopt codified programs in line with the development of the border areas and finally; Their stable security took a step. In this descriptive-analytical research, in a comparative way; The stability of the security situation of the border rural areas in parts of the rural areas of Sarovabad and Marivan cities of Kurdistan province, in the two periods before the blocking of the border and the closure of the border bazaars, in which the opportunity-oriented management view dominated the management of these border areas, and the period after that, when the threat-oriented view dominated , the borders of the region have been blocked in the traditional way and the border markets have been closed, by asking the opinion of 260 household heads (determined by the Kochran formula) in the sample villages (determined by lottery in Marivan city and the total number in Sarovabad city), the actual survey became Analysis and analysis of data collected by survey method (questionnaire distribution, interviews and observation of the existing situation) with inferential statistics tests (Wilcoxon), showed that the security stability of the studied rural areas following the change of the management approach from opportunity-oriented to threat-oriented at a significance level of 0.001 The satisfactory average value of 3.62 has reached the unfavorable value of 2.82. In addition to this average decrease, 159 negative ratings (62 per cent of respondents) also indicate the severity of the unfavourable situation of security stability in the studied area with the blocking of the border and the closure of its most important economic driver, that is; It has border markets.

Assessing the effects of residents of border villages are among the primary actors of border areas with a limited role in border control. With the changes that have taken place in recent decades, especially globalization and increased movement of people and goods, the control of the borders of the countries has become significantly more difficult and the life and financial costs imposed on the governments have increased significantly. Since national security, interests and identity are closely related to the security of borders and border areas and their optimal control, governments try in different ways to improve their border control by adopting strategies. One of the leading strategies in this field is the cultural development of residents of border villages. Based on this, the present article tries to answer the question of whether there is a relationship between the cultural development of border village residents and the improvement of border control with the descriptive-analytical method and based on library and field findings. To answer this question, indicators of cultural development were extracted from different theories and perspectives and 30 relevant indicators were considered using statistical analysis methods in the SPSS software environment. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the indicators of cultural development and the improvement of border control. Based on this, in general, it can be said that the cultural development strategy of residents of border villages has the necessary efficiency to improve border control, and it can also provide the basis for reducing life and financial costs along the borders. Based on this, this strategy has been approved and it is suggested to be used by the authorities to improve the control of the country's borders.great-oriented management on sustainable security Case study: border villages of Marivan and Sarovabad counties 

Today, according to the role, importance and position of the border in political geography, as well as in determining the limits of jurisdiction and sovereignty of governments on the one hand and their management to protect the country on the other hand, it can be considered as one of the most critical parameters and effective indicators about border security and preventing challenges existing in the border areas. In this regard, border management is considered one of the most important topics in political studies, despite the consequences of the globalization era, border control and management on both national and transnational scales have been wholly affected, so far, many views and theories have been formed directly and indirectly in this regard. Therefore, to better recognize and understand these related and generalizable views and theories in border management at both national and transnational scales, the present research seeks to answer the question of what the existing theories and views related to border management at national and international scales. Aspects have differences and similarities. Therefore, the current research was conducted with a fundamental-theoretical objective and descriptive-analytical method. In the analysis of the data, an attempt has been made to address the most important differences and similarities arising from the existing opinions on border management on both national and transnational scales. Based on this, the results of the research indicate that the best and most desirable approach to border management at the national scale is the "integrated and comprehensive" approach to the border, and at the transnational scale, the "coordinated and integrated border management" approach and its application by A few countries in the world can be considered as the most efficient point of view to ensure global security and away from violence and border security threats

In the Kurdish border areas, a large number of men and sometimes women have turned to kolberi to make a living. In recent years, kolberi has continued despite institutional measures, many risks and security consequences.
The aim of the current research is to analyze some sustainable sources of kolberi. In order to achieve this goal, the used qualitative research design and data collection technique is a semi-structured interview. Also, the thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the qualitative data. The target community is the institutional and non-institutional actors related to kolberi in the border region of Baneh, and 37 informed and involved people were selected for the interview through the purposeful and snowball sampling method. The continuation of kolberi is the product of the intertwining of factors at the transnational, national and local levels, which was formed in a specific geographical-political situation called the border. Ignoring the contribution of each of these factors means misunderstanding the problem under investigation. Although this style of the informal economy is known as kolberan, in reality, it includes a complex set of financial-political relations that create and sustain this type of profitability.
The findings of the research indicated that in the field under study, there are platforms such as contradictory and fluctuating management in border areas, the imprint of border exchanges in the cultural system, the strategic response of kolberi to internal and external demands, the development of a specific model of capitalism in border areas and the continuous decline of social capital. kolberi share.

Security is one of the important pillars of society and family, and today, with the advancement of technology, security has taken on a new meaning in cyberspace. This research examines the analysis of emerging social harms in cyberspace and its effect on citizens' sense of social security (a case study of Bushehr city). In terms of the type of objective, it is an applied survey, in terms of its breadth, it is a small scope and in terms of time, it is a cross-sectional survey. The research method in this research is the survey method, and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the current study is Bushehr city, 215,800 people, and the population of citizens 18 years and above as the statistical population is 153,482 people, of which 383 people were selected as the sample size based on Cochran's formula. According to the results obtained; Between the family factor (8.457), adaptation factor (6.056), moral factor (4.737) and psychological factor (6.377), emerging social harms in the virtual space have a positive and significant effect on citizens' sense of social security, and between Family factor (6.219), adaptability factor (4.042), moral factor (3.744) and psychological factor (5.595) emerging social harms of virtual space and social security have a positive and significant relationship and between family factor (006 6/6), adaptability factor (3/617), moral factor (2/769) and psychological factor (3/762) emerging social harms in cyberspace have a positive and significant effect on police performance and between family factor (4/907) ) and moral (2/849) emerging social harms of virtual space and government laws have a positive and significant relationship. There is no significant relationship between the adaptability factor (1.765) and the psychological factor (1.951) regarding emerging social harms of virtual space and government laws, and there is also a significant relationship between age (65.272) and marital status (8.462) with the feeling of security. There is. There is no significant relationship between gender (0.934) and feeling of security.

The performance of urban management before the existing and future development policy has become one of the effective methods in dealing with crises and their effects, and studies show the effect of these methods in improving the governance and responsiveness of local communities to crises and tensions, especially in coastal areas. Is. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. By reviewing the basics and extracting 70 key governance factors, the Delphi technique was used and opinion polls from 30 experts based on consensus and certainty, priority and importance indicators were used. According to the results, there is a significant difference between the average indicators of urban governance at the significance level of 0.000. The results of Tukey and Duncan's post hoc test show that the indicators of legality, efficiency and effectiveness, accountability, justice and social orientation are in poor condition. According to the evaluated items, the participation index has a relatively good condition from the experts' point of view. Finally, the indicators of participation and responsibility have a more appropriate situation in relation to the realization of good governance in the Rasht metropolis. In an integrated assessment, it can be concluded that not only the understanding of the concept of urban governance in the management process of coastal cities has not occurred sufficiently, but also due to the superficial insight and lack of proper understanding of the fundamental concepts and the two-way relationship of this approach with integrated management indicators, the need for a deeper study in this There is a field. In a general judgment, it can be claimed that achieving governance based on the integrated goals of the coastal areas is a long-term process that is now at the beginning and is far from the set goals.

Today, due to the high sensitivities of water areas and borders between countries, the resulting crisis can seriously endanger the security of adjacent border areas and even the national security of a country. Aras River, which marks the northern border of Iran with the countries of Armenia, the Nakhchivan Republic and the Azerbaijan Republic, plays a unique role in providing the water source for the human and agricultural sectors of the three northwestern provinces of the country. In fact, it can be said that the water and food security of a large part of the country in that region depends on the water of the Aras border river. Considering the importance of the topic, the descriptive-analytical method was used in this research to collect information from library sources and refer to documents. Also, the mentioned area has been explored in the field by examining aerial photographs and maps of the area. Due to the lack of control of Azerbaijan and Armenia on the industrial and mineral pollutants of these countries in the border areas of the Aras river basin, the surveys and tests conducted indicate the entry of very harmful industrial and mineral effluents and pollutants into the water of this river. Also, the research in the field of using this polluted water in the border areas of the river indicates the occurrence of irreparable damages in the human and environmental fields for these three provinces, which by producing wide-ranging crises in these areas in different dimensions, the national security of the country in the near future. Manzar will face serious danger.