فصلنامه طب و تزکیه
سال سی و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 123، پاییز 1401)

Shahid Motahari is one of the most prominent contemporary scientists. His works are a valuable collection in which various Islamic sciences, such as jurisprudence, principles, philosophy, ethics, history and sociology, have been carefully and deeply studied and researched. One of the wide-ranging topics in his works is the issue of health. Considering the importance of the topic, the aim of the current research is to examine the physical and mental health in religious teachings from the perspective of Shahid Motahari.

This research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method of the type of conceptual and documentary analysis, using the collection of works and notes of Shahid Motahari and referring to verses and narrations. From the research community, the samples have been purposefully written in the note sheet according to the purpose of the research, then the note sheet is placed in the research table and then explained.

The findings of the research indicated that Professor Motahari defined health as the absence of disease and the presence of balance in the body, which is in accordance with the definition of health in traditional medicine. He does not consider health limited to the body. In this research, topics related to physical and mental health in the works of Shahid Motahari have been extracted and explained.

According to Martyr Motahari, the basis of the five commandments in matters such as food and beverages is based on their benefit and harm to the human body, and based on Islamic teachings, health care is obligatory from the point of view of Islam. Also, from his point of view, ethics, mental health, strong upbringing and giving up overeating are effective factors in physical health, and faith, ethics, worship and work are effective factors in mental health.

Moral distress is one of the issues facing the medical staff; means the inability of an individual to act on internal and professional values ​​due to internal and external pressures. Healthcare professionals may face challenging situations where they have ethical doubts about the rightness or wrongness of decisions; While feeling helpless in the face of changing circumstances that they consider immoral. Moral distress is recognized as one of the main causes of burnout syndrome among the medical staff. This study was performed to investigate the moral distress of the Orthopedic ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital.

Methods and Materials: 

This qualitative study was performed by content analysis through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the participation of physicians, orthopedic residents and nurses of the Orthopedic ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital. The interviews were typed, coded and categorized carefully. Then the similar codes were placed in the same classes and subcategories.

23 interviews, 18 subclasses, 7 classes and 3 themes were formed: Care challenges, communication challenges of the treatment team, and educational challenges.

The results indicated the existence of various moral challenges, which affected the patient and the staff and caused distress, frustration and dissatisfaction. Addressing and managing these challenges raised the need for serious measures in regulating the health care system, job responsibilities, and improving interpersonal relationships. Recognizing the moral distress in system can be effective in planning and reforming the management and communication structure and ultimately improving the quality of care and patient`s outcomes.

The most basic problems in the field of in-service training for staff of the central headquarters of the Ministry of Health can be seen in cases such as training productivity, improving the performance of staff through training, planning training courses, and not matching the content of the courses with the training needs of staff. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for improving the effectiveness of in-service training courses for staff of the central headquarters of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is a descriptive survey. In terms of purpose, it is in the field of applied research, and in terms of how data is collected, it is placed in the group of "exploratory mixed research". Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through the library and field. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 10 university experts who were selected by available sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was text coding. After extracting the dimensions, components, and indicators, a questionnaire was designed in the quantitative part and 351 questionnaires were distributed among the staff of the central headquarters of the Ministry of Health by simple random sampling method. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS2 and SPSS24 software was used for data analysis.

In order to present a model for improving the effectiveness of in-service training courses, a total of 5 dimensions, 16 components, and 80 indicators were extracted.

The findings of the research show that among the extracted dimensions and components, there was the most attention to the dimension of responsibility instead of the sense of duty and to the component of preventing occupational isolation.

Medical schools and teaching hospitals cooperate in achieving the common goals of education, research, and health services, which are in the form of policies, rules, and regulations, memoranda. The purpose of this study is to determine the areas of professional interaction between medical schools and teaching hospitals. Determining the driving factors and inhibiting factors of these interactions was at the Iran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods and Material: 

The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach in 1400. The participants in this study were 16 experts from the Iran University of Medical Sciences who had a background in management at the university. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and the Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the interviews.

Reviewing previous research and analyzing interviews, professional interactions between medical school and teaching hospitals in 7 main areas including education and research, governance, budget and finance, human resources, health services, space and physical equipment, and supply chain. , With 17 components, 22 inhibitory factors, and 22 propellants, the results were extracted and summarized.

The findings of the study showed that medical schools and teaching hospitals in education and research through educational planning, clinical education, and research planning and development, governance in the components of supervision, accountability and structure, budget and finance in the field of allocation Training budget and training costs, in human resources for faculty members, staff and learners, in providing health services in treatment protocols, in physical resources and equipment in the training space and training equipment section and in the supply chain regarding the supply of training items and supply Educational services have professional interactions that if there are any deterrents or drivers in the interactions, there is a possibility of disruption or improvement in professional interactions between the two institutions.

The purpose of this research is to criminalize the spreaders of the corona virus, the spread of the coronavirus and the lack of specific laws in this regard to criminalize and punish its contagious behaviors have made it necessary to take refuge in the existing criminal laws. This research is organized in this context to examine the crime of the spreaders of the coronavirus. 

Methods and Material:

 The present research has been carried out in a descriptive and analytical way. Subjects such as the transmission of infectious diseases, intentional homicide, pseudo-intentional murder, and combative behavior can be cited. Is it a special law or is it enough to use the titles of the current criminal law? It seems that the approval of a specific law can increase the clarification of its legal practice. This research investigated different criminal titles. 

What has been extracted from the religious texts shows that if the intentional transmission of Corona causes the death of an innocent person, it can be prosecuted, and the intentional transmission of Corona can be considered a criminal offense under Article 183 of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Muharibeh and Corruption on Earth. It seems that the approval of a specific law can increase the clarity of its legal practice. This research investigated different criminal titles. 

The research of this study showed that if it is used as a tool to kill another person, it can be considered a criminal offense of intentional homicide. If it is accepted without the intention to kill and without knowledge of the contagious condition of the person, but the condition of the person is such that he will get the disease, the legal article to prevent infectious diseases will be approved by the parliament.

Today, health insurance has an important role in promoting community health and well-being. In our country, health insurance has shortcomings that are mainly related to policy issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model for improving health insurance development policies in Iran.

Methods and Materials:

 The present study is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and is in the group of exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative stage of this research, the theme analysis method was used and in the quantitative stage, structural equation modeling was used. In the qualitative stage, in order to design a research model, 26 academically and executive experts in the field of health insurance who were purposefully selected were interviewed. Also, in a quantitative phase, 186 managers and specialists in the field of health insurance who were randomly selected, were polled with a questionnaire.

Based on the findings, 5 strategies were identified, including promoting macro-management in health insurance, improving insurance services, promoting insurance justice, resource management and using a sustainability approach. Also, the designed model includes variables related to drivers, contextual factors, strategies and consequences. Findings of data analysis by structural equation modeling showed that the components of the research model are approved and all estimated path coefficients are significant.

Finally, the results showed that by providing the interests of stakeholders and also considering all the variables affecting policy-making, it is possible to improve the health insurance policy-making process.