مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (بهار 1402)

The species of the Salvia genus from the mint family (Labiatae) are known as Maryam-Goli and have been used since ancient times due to their medicinal and therapeutic properties. 58 species of this genus have been identified in the country, some of which are native to Iran. According to the many studies that have been done on this plant, the aim of this study is to review the scientific literature on the medicinal and therapeutic effects of salvia species in the fields of biology and medicine in recent two decades. It is recent. For this review research, using the keywords Sage and Salvia, 100 references including one thesis book (under the guidance of the author) and 99 articles (publications and congresses) from Iranian researchers through The databases of Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) have been prepared and reviewed. Studies have been conducted on compounds and effective substances, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic and other different uses of the plant. Salvia plant has been used in the treatment of tumors, diabetes, Alzheimer's, anxiety, depression, ischemia, wound healing, liver, kidney, sexual, thyroid, mouth and gum diseases, menstruation, menopausal hot flashes, and its very useful and positive effects are scientifically proven. It has been proved. Due to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, Salvia species play a major role in the prevention and treatment of complications caused by oxidative stress and many diseases. Also, due to their cheapness and few side effects, they are considered safe treatments.

Alzheimer's Disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory and cognitive deficits. Vitamin E, as an antioxidant, plays an important role in reviving free radicals and converting them into safe substances by giving hydrogen. Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) has antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is the comparative effect of timolol with methanol extract of Zataria multiflora with vitamin E on Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rats. 40 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups of eight. Beta-amyloid 42 was used to induce Alzheimer's disease. Then, methanolic and timolol extracts were extracted from Zataria multiflora. The level of Apo E gene expression was evaluated by Real Time PCR and TC, LDL and HD biochemical factors. The expression of Apo E gene in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the Alzheimer's group. The expression of this gene was decreased in the sham group compared to the control group. The group of Alzheimer's mice had a significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum levels, and the level of HDL showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Timolol, m ethanolic extract of Zataria multiflora and vitamin E have positive effects on the expression of APOA E gene in leukocytes. On the other hand, with a significant effect on HDL, the methanolic extract of Zataria multiflora can be used as an effective product to prevent and reduce the complications of Alzheimer's disease.

This study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. The HMB group had 3 grams of the supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, the creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day, and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 gr of the creatine supplement. A Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. Comparison between groups showed that there was not a significant difference in body fat percentage, lower body muscle strength, and muscle endurance between the four groups of weight training, creatine supplementation, HMB supplementation, and HMB + Cr supplementation in the post-test and two weeks of non-training. Also, the comparison between the groups showed that There was a significant difference in upper body muscle strength in the post-test, between the HMB + Cr group and the weight training group, the HMB + Cr group and the creatine group, the HMB + Cr group and the HMB group and Also in two weeks of non-training, between HMB + Cr group and weight training group, HMB + Cr group and creatine group, HMB + Cr group and HMB group, also comparison between groups showed that in two weeks of non-training, there was a significant difference in lower body muscle endurance between the weight training group, and HMB, the weight training group and HMB + Cr. It seems that six weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplements and two weeks of non-training can lead to a reduction in body fat percentage and improved muscle function factors in male powerlifters.

Juniperus polycarpos contains natural bioactive compounds that are used to produce anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs. For extraction, juniper berries were dried for 7 days, then methanol and HCL were added, stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and filtered through Whatman paper after distillation. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of juniper fruit extract, the DPPH method was used, and the adsorption rate of free radicals at 517 nm was read. Vitamin c was used as a standard antioxidant to determine the IC50 value of the extract. MCF7 breast cancer cells were cultured, and the cytotoxic effect of the extract was calculated after 48 hours by MTT assay. To determine the toxicity of the extract, the Balb/c mouse model was used. After treatment with doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, blood samples were taken to evaluate blood cell count changes. Isolation of the liver, kidney, intestine, and spleen tissues for morphological changes and Histology was performed. The antioxidant inhibitory percentage of juniper fruit extract at a 300 μg/ml concentration with DPPH and FRAP methods was 59.47 ± 2.25 and 63.19 ± 2.09%, respectively, and these values were lower than the standard amount of vitamin C used. 66.9 μg/ml of fruit extract was able to inhibit 50% of the growth of breast cancer cells within 48 hours. Blood and tissue cell analysis did not show significant changes in blood cell count and tissue morphological changes. The results showed the cytotoxic effect of the extract on breast cancer cells. On the other hand, the extract did not cause poisoning in the mouse model and did not significantly affect animal tissues and blood cells.
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The reverse cholesterol transfer process has a positive role in reducing atherosclerotic plaques during diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on GPR120 and AMPK proteins in the cardiac tissue of mice with type 2 diabetes. In an experimental study, 40  three-month-old adult male Wistar rats with an average weight (250-300 g) were randomly divided into four groups of 10 series including: healthy control (C: intraperitoneal injection of saline), healthy training (T: running at 85-90 % of maximum speed in 6 to 12 bouts in two-minute periods; 5 days per week for eight weeks), diabetic control (D: diabetic on a high-fat diet with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin) and trained diabetics (D+T: diabetic with training) were divided. A method based on Western blotting was used to determine changes in the expression profile of GPR120 and AMPK proteins in the heart muscle tissue (left ventricle) of rats. The two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Induction of diabetes (D) significantly reduced GPR120 and AMPK proteins (p ≤ 0.05). While HIIT training apply in healthy group (T) increased 81% and 47% in GPR120 and AMPK compared to diabetic control group (D) respectively (p = 0.001). Also, training intervention has the ability to prevent a decrease in both of proteins in the trained diabetic group (D+T) compared to the diabetic group (D) (p = 0.023). Based on the findings of this study, it can be stated that eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a preventive strategy against reducing the activity of GPR120 and AMPK proteins involved in the reverse cholesterol transmission during type 2 diabetes.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different salinity levels of drinking water on the ruminal degradability of barley grain using the nylon bags technique in Iranian Shal sheep. Ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of barley grain were determined by nylon bags method using eight rumen cannulated rams that received different levels of saline water including control group (480), 4000, 8000, and 12000 mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS). There was a significant difference between experimental treatments in terms of the degradability of DM and CP in all incubation times except the initial time. In the final incubation time, the ruminal degradability of the DM and CP of barley grain were higher in saline water received treatments than the control group. There was a significant difference between the effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP in the experimental treatments. So, the effective degradability of DM and CP of barley grain often increased with increasing salinity. The quickly degradable protein (QDP) fraction was not affected by experimental treatments but the slowly degradable (SDP) protein fraction increased significantly at the maintenance level of nutrition (2%/h); the highest level of SDP was obtained in treatment containing 8000 mg/l TDS. From the viewpoint of metabolizable protein (MP), there was a significant difference between experimental treatments at the maintenance level of nutrition. The lowest MP was observed in treatment containing 8000 mg/l TDS. In overall conclusion, saline water consumption in the experimental animals seems to affect the ruminal degradability of barley grain and leads to an increase in the effective degradability of DM and CP and a decrease in the amount of MP at the maintenance level..

Compounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250-180 g were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups including control, sham, diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg BW, chrysin with a concentration of 10, Chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg, chrysin with a concentration of 10 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg were divided. At the end of the treatment period, with the process of tissue preparation, with Motic software, the number of cell lines per unit area was determined and compared with each other in different groups. There was a significant difference between the mean number of sperm count and sperm motility in the Sham and Control groups with Diazinon and DC10 groups (p < 0.001), and DC20 groups (p < 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in sperm mortality in Shm and Cnt groups with Diazinon, DC10 and DC20 test groups (p < 0.001). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean number of sperm count, sperm motility, sperm mortality, sperm morphology, number of Leydig cells, number of germ cells, number of primary and secondary spermatocytes, and number of spermatids in Sham and Control groups compared to some test groups. Thus, CHR as a potent antioxidant can compensate for the toxicity of Diazinon toxin.
 
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Atorvastatin is currently one of the most commonly used drugs in the clinics for the treatment of coronary heart disease and is mainly used for the control of risk factors in coronary heart disease as well as in the improvement of prognosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinological disorder in reproductive-age women and is often associated with metabolic syndrome. In the present study, the effect of atorvastatin on letrozole-induced PCOS was investigated in adult female Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal control, atorvastatin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) alone, PCOS control rats (letrozole, 1 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), atorvastatin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) together with (letrozole1 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), and administration was performed accordingly. Administration of atorvastatin was started 30 min. before the first dose of letrozole and continued for up to 30 days. The animals were euthanized 24 h after the last dose of the administration. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Serum was separated and evaluated for determination of estradiol, LH, FSH, and testosterone levels. Moreover, antioxidant activity was tested by measuring using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ovary homogenate. Our results showed that the administration of atorvastatin significantly improved PCOS-induced hormonal impairment. Also, the administration of atorvastatin increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and GPX, while decreasing MDA levels. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that atorvastatin administration may be beneficial in letrozole-induced PCOS in rats.

Securigera securidaca L. seeds are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids that have many biological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seed on alterations in serum biochemical parameters including glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL), renal function indices (creatinine and BUN) and antioxidant enzymes activity (Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in tamsulosin-treated male rats. Seventy-two adult male rats were grouped into 9 groups of 8. The control group did not receive drug treatment but the sham group received 1 ml of extract solvent, the positive control group received 0.4 mg/kg Tamsulosin, negative control groups 1, 2, and 3 received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg extract, respectively and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 first received 0.4 mg/kg Tamsulosin and then 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract for 28 days, respectively. Finally, blood samples were collected to measure the serum biochemical parameters. Tamsulosin increased the levels of glucose, creatinine and BUN, and decreased the level of antioxidant enzymes activity in the control group (p < 0.05), but did not cause significant changes in the level of lipid profile (p > 0.05). However, treatment with doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract in experimental groups 2 and 3, improved glucose, creatinine, BUN and antioxidant enzymes activity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seeds can improve changes in biochemical parameters and renal function indices in the serum of tamsulosin-treated male rats.

Regarding the increasing trend of the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer, the use of nanotechnology products in breast cancer treatment has gained interest. The current work aims to synthesize ZnFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite using the Chlorella vulgaris extract, assessment of its anticancer potential on breast cancer cells, and evaluate the effect of the nanocomposite on the expression of apoptotic genes. Anticancer potential and lethal dose 50% (IC50) of ZnFe2O4@Ag were determined using the MTT assay and real-time PCR was employed to evaluate the expression of p53, caspase 9, and CAD genes. According to the results, at concentrations greater than 15.62 µg/mL, ZnFe2O4@Ag considerably decreased the viability of breast cancer cells and IC50 was determined 28µg/mL. Moreover, the relative expression of the p53, caspase 9, and CAD genes was significantly increased by 2.22, 1.98, and 5.96 folds, respectively after exposure to the nanocomposite. Owing to the presence of silver and zinc, it seems that ZnFe2O4@Ag generates reactive oxygen species that could damage cell components and subsequently induce cell apoptosis.

To investigate the effect of Orgasid supplementation under heat stress conditions along with standard and diluted diets on performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of Ross 308 broiler chickens for 42 days. The experiment was conducted from the age of 10 days in the form of a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 8 replications, and 10 chicken pieces per replication. The experimental treatments were: 1- Standard ration (control), 2- Diluted ration + Orgasid supplement, 3- Standard ration + heat stress conditions, 4- Standard ration + Orgacid supplement, and 5- Standard ration + Orgasid + stress conditions. Heat and 5- Diluted ration + Orgasid supplement + heat stress conditions. The results showed that the use of Orgasid supplement in the heat stress condition kept the feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio within the standard range. The use of ergacid improved the carcass quality and the relative weight of the thigh compared to heat stress conditions. The use of ergacid in heat stress conditions led to an increase in the relative weight of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to no use. The use of orgacid under stress conditions caused an increase in the relative length of the ileum, while the relative length of the duodenum, and jejunum was not affected. The consumption of orgacid led to the preservation of the acidity of the scrotum, stratum corneum, duodenum and jejunum in the treatments that were under heat stress compared to the control treatment. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the use of orgacid supplement in the conditions of heat stress in diluted rations leads to the improvement of the health and condition of the digestive system, leading to the maintenance of the bird's performance in the standard range.

Nitric oxide is a short-lived mediator which produced in different mammalian cell types. Nitric oxide synthesizes (NOSs) are a family of complex enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-Arginine to form Nitric Oxide. Overproduction of nitric oxide may imply in the pathogenesis of several immune diseases. The present study demonstrates the potential role of nitric oxide in zona pellucida thickness. This study was performed on 8 weeks pregnant Wistar rats (n=32). To study the impact of Nitric Oxide on zona pellucida thickness four experimental designs were investigated. Control group, 200 mg/kg L-Arginine, 20 mg/kg L-NAME and a combination of L-Arginine, and L-NAME. Ovary removal via laparotomy was performed 13 days after intraperitoneal injection. Zona pellucida thickness was investigated by Image tools III quantitative technique. Based on our findings, L-Arginine causes a significant decrease in zona pellucida thickness (p ≤ 0.05). No discrepancy was detected in zona pellucida thickness between the other experimental groups and the control group. The results support the hypothesis that destructive effects on ovary and zona pellucida formation can be mediated by the overproduction of nitric oxide.

Wound healing is one of the important problems in medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Ferula gummosa extract on skin wound healing in NMRI mice. 24 NMRI mice with skin ulcers, were treated with Ferula gummosa ointment on days 3, 6,12, and 21, and randomly divided into three eucerin groups (daily recipient eucerin ointment), the experimental group1(daily treatment with Ferula gummosa ointment at a dose of 2 mg) and the experimental group 2 (daily treatment with Ferula gummosa ointment at a dose of 4 mg and the ulcers were measured with a calliper and the biochemical indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in tissue, were measured. Then, tissue sections were prepared from the wound and evaluated histopathologically by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software and the Tukey test at a significance level of p < 0.05 and the histograms were drawn in excel. wound size in the Ferula gummosa groups compared to the Eucerin group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). The concentration of MDA in groups the Ferula gummosa significantly decreased time-dependent compared with the eucerin group (p < 0.05). SOD activity and TAC concentration also showed a significant increase in time-dependent in groups Ferula gummosa compared to the eucerin group (p < 0.05). Based on histopathological findings, epidermal and dermal thickness increased significantly in groups Barijeh compared to eucerin group (p < 0.05), and the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the two groups of Barijeh in a time-dependent manner compared to the Eucerin group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). According to the results, it was shown that Ferula gummosa is effective in wound healing and repair by increasing SOD and TAC activity and decreasing MDA concentration, as well as histopathological results. Therefore, the findings of this study showed a new perspective on this herbal medicine for us wound healing.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemented phytase and protease enzymes in diets containing 15% of sesame meal on digestibility, bone physicochemical properties, immunity and blood parameters in broiler chicken. An experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using five dietary treatments with six replicates in which 300 one-day-old Ross 308 commercial broiler chicks were reared for 6 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal based diet (negative control) 2) a corn-soybean meal diet including 15% sesame meal (positive control), 3) positive control diet supplemented with phytase, 4) positive control diet supplemented with protease and 5) positive control diet supplemented with both phytase and protease enzymes. The results indicated that ileal digestibility for crude protein was increased in chicks treated with enzymes (p < 0.05). The ileal digestibility for calcium and phosphorus were higher in chicks fed both phytase and protease (p < 0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effects on the viscosity of gastrointestinal ileal digesta (p > 0.05). Tibial bone breaking strength in chicks treated with both enzymes increased (p < 0.05), also treatments containing phytase (with or without protease) led to more bone calcium and phosphorus (p < 0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on bursa and spleen weights (p < 0.05). Blood cholestrol concentration in chicks treated with both enzymes were decreased (p < 0.05). Phytase (with or without protease) in diet, decreased blood triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05). Lower total protein was in chicks fed protease (p < 0.05). Blood calcium concentration in chicks fed enzymes were higher (p < 0.05). Supplementing broiler chicken diets with phytase and protease containing 15% sesame meal, had beneficial effects on protein, calcium and phosphorus digestibility, bone resistance, and some blood parameters.
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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a kind of exercise training that is suggested for individuals with sufficient time for regular training.  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a period of intense intermittent training on the expression of plasma levels of AST, and ALT enzyme in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model). The statistical sample consisted of 48 male Wistar rats (in2 healthy models with fatty liver) aged 5 weeks and weighing 200-250 and in the same conditions (12:12 darkness and light, temperature 22 ± 2 degrees Celsius (50-60%) humidity (51% humidity) were kept in cages. Gene expression was assessed using Real-timePCR and AST, and ALT enzyme was assessed using ZiestChem diagnostic kits. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. According to the results, the expression of ASTandALT enzymes in the rats of the patient group increased compared to the rats of the healthy group (p < 0.05), which according to the level of significance It was significant. It seems that a period of intense intermittent training affects the expression of plasma levels of ASTand ALT enzymes in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model) and can serve as a marker for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Use cardiovascular, fatty liver, obesity as well as diabetes.
Keywords:, AST, ALT anzem, HIIT exercise

It is a continuing effort to develop new anticancer compounds. Some studies have reported that some compounds of Achillea Santolina have inhibitory effects on several cancer cell lines. The present study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Santolina on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in fibrin hydrogel. In this experimental study, to prepare the fibrin hydrogel scaffold, an M199 medium containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, fibrinogen powder with a concentration of 3 mg/ml, and thrombin with a concentration of 120 u/ml was used. Cultured MCF-7 cells in fibrin gel were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Santolina in 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/ml concentrations for 24h. Morphology and cellular viability and proliferation were evaluated by DAPI staining and MTT assay at certain days after treatment. Also, the structure of the scaffold and the condition of the cells in the gel were investigated by photographing with a scanning electron microscope.The results of this study showed the cytotoxic effects of Achillea Santolina extract in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The concentration of 500 mg/ml of the extract of A. Santolina was determined as an IC50 concentration. Also, cell viability in the control group and treated group with extract at IC50 concentrations showed significant (P<0.05) differences on days 1, 3, and 5. The hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea Santolina can inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation and induce cell death in a dose and time-dependent manner.

Alzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction that gradually weakens the patient's mental abilities. Numerous studies have shown that inflammatory mechanisms also play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, targeting TNF-α using its inhibitors can be an effective therapeutic strategy in controlling and treating such diseases. The purpose of this study was a comparison study of TNF-α levels in blood serum and brain tissue in Wistar Alzheimer ҆s rats treated with probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter strains by ELISA. The number of amyloid plaques was also counted. For this purpose, 30 adults male Wistar rats were randomly distributed to 5 groups as follows (n = 6): The control group included animals receiving normal water; the Alzheimer's group who underwent surgery and became Alzheimer 's-induced by injection of beta-amyloid; Sham group who underwent surgery and was injected with water (beta-amyloid solvent); two experimental groups who underwent Alzheimer's surgery with beta-amyloid injection and each group received probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri  and Bifidobacterium longum separately at a dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU at 0.5 CC by gavage for one month. The results demonstrated that both strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum, were able to significantly (p < 0.001) reduce the amount of TNF-α in brain tissue and blood serum compared to the Alzheimer's group. Also, both strains, especially strain Bifidobacterium longum, showed notable capability of inhibiting amyloid plaques. Therefore, it seems that two probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum can be good candidates to reduce the level of TNF-α in both blood serum and brain tissue and also the number of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's-induced rats.
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Angiogenesis is a physiological process that involves the formation of new blood vessels, contributing to the development and progression of various diseases, including metastatic cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the main regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Studies show that VEGF and its receptor (VEGF-R) are often upregulated in tumor tissues, and the overexpression of VEGF increases tumor growth and metastasis. This research aimedto synthesize solid-lipid nanoparticles containing Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and investigate its anti-angiogenic effects. For this purpose, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used, and the expression of two important genes involved in the angiogenesis process, VEGF and VEGF-R was assessed using Real-Time PCR. The results showed a decrease in the growth rate of blood vessels in the CAM model, indicating the anti-angiogenic effects of the nanoparticles. Also, Real Time-PCR confirmed a decrease in the expression of the VEGF and VEGF-R genes. The results of this study showed that solid-lipid nanoparticles containing Foeniculum vulgare essential oil had anti-angiogenic properties and; therefore, can be useful agents for treating cancer.

Hypoxia during pregnancy causes disturbances in the development and functioning of the brain of the fetus. Exercise during pregnancy reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and is effective in improving memory. This study was conducted on pregnant Wistar rats to determine the effect of exercise during pregnancy of obese mothers to reduce neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. In this study, normal and obese pregnant Wistar rats were classified into six groups. Some groups were subjected to exercise during pregnancy. Eight days after delivery, three groups of infants were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia induction by surgery and their right common carotid artery was blocked. Then, they were exposed to 8% oxygen for 90 minutes. Seven days after hypoxia-ischemia induction, neurobehavioral experiments were performed. Babies were killed at the end of the study (on the 15th day after birth) and after removing brain tissue from the skull, interleukin-6, brain edema, infarct volume, and apoptosis factors were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Based on the results, newborn rats from obese mothers who exercised had better neurobehavioral function and BCL2 gene expression than rats born from obese mothers who did not exercise during pregnancy (p = 0.000) and Infarct volume, edema level, BAX and interleukin-6 gene expression were significantly lower (p = 0.000). Therefore, maternal exercise during pregnancy showed beneficial effects against hypoxia-ischemia damage in rat neonates.

Anxiety disorder is the most common of all mental illnesses in the world and have become one of interesting research topics in pharmaceuticals. According to a traditional belief, black tea (Camella sinensis (CS)) is known as a medicine that has many benefits. But because of its high consumption, it has side effects that can be mentioned as arrythmia and anxiety which severity of these complications may be different between men and women. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the anxiety-like effects of CS in male and female rats. 28 rats including 14 males and 14 females were used for the experiment. Males were divided into control and treatment groups and females were divided in the same way. During the experiment, the treatment groups were given black tea for 24 hours, and the control group was given drinking water during this period. Then, the behavior of the rats was tested in order to investigate the motor activity and anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Data were analyzed by T-test and all data were shown as Mean±S.E.M. This study showed that CS has anxiogenic effects in male rats and anxiolytic effects in female rats.

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas is a blistering agent that has been used as a war weapon. Chemical veterans are people who have multiple injuries in different organs, especially in the skin. Studies have shown that the side effects of mustard gas are the result of alkylation with DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids, which leads to metabolic and genetic changes. The respiratory system and the skin are the main targets of mustard gas alkylation. microRNAs are small non-coding and single-stranded RNAs that play a role in the spatial and spatial regulation of protein synthesis and the stability of messenger RNA. The disruption of the expression of any miRNA gene will be equal to the disruption of the expression of several protein-coding genes, each of which can play an essential role in cell biology, so to investigate the changes in the expression of microRNA, miR-20a, in the skin of chemically injured people. In this study, 30 skin biopsy samples were collected, including 10 samples from patients with moderate SM, 10 samples from patients with severe SM, and 10 control samples. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. The expression of the miR-20a gene was investigated using the Real-time PCR method. 5s rRNA gene was used as the internal control. GraphPad Prism 6.07 software was used for the statistical analysis of data. Roc curve was used to check the biomarker value of the miR-20a gene. In this study, according to the results of the Roc curve, the miR-20a gene in the skin has a biomarker value, but it needs more study.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver dysfunction and one of the most important causes of death from chronic liver diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training compared to resistance training on liver bile acids (BA), relative expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and beta protein Klotho (KLB) in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this experimental study, 16 Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 120-160 grams, after induction of NAFLD conditions, with six weeks of high-fat diet were randomly divided into two equal groups (8 rats in each group), including; Control (C), endurance training (E). group E participated in an incremental treadmill exercise protocol with an intensity of 65% of maximal oxygen consumption and a frequency of 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, the subjects were sacrificed and liver tissue and blood samples were taken to evaluate the research variables. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test. The findings showed that E training protocols led to a significant decrease in liver BA values (p = 0.0001). Also, in the E training group, a significant increase in the relative expression of FXR, FGF15, FGFR4 and KLB protein levels  was observed (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, it seems that endurance exercise can have positive effects on the variables involved in the signaling of bile acid synthesis.
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