نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه ناحیه ای
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 41، زمستان 1401)

In this paper, we tried to study the effect of cultural intelligence on the contextual performance of rural dignitaries (Dehyaran) in rural area. The research method in this descriptive-analytic study is a major part of its data collected based on field studies from the region. The statistical population of the study consisted of 24 sample villages with a population of 86856 people in the form of 23997 households. The sample size of 316 people was determined by Cochran method and selected by systematic random sampling from among the villagers. In this sample, the number of 24 dignitaries, 72 members of the Islamic Council of the provinces and 6 administrative experts were added, finally 418 questionnaires were completed. The findings of the study, based on the results of structural analysis, show that in general, cultural intelligence has a positive and direct effect on the yield of dairy farmers with a coefficient of 0.1729 Among the dimensions of cultural intelligence, the cultural intelligence strategy with the coefficient of 5.91 had the most significant positive and significant effect on the contextual performance of the dignitaries in the study area and then the dimension of cultural intelligence behavior with a coefficient of 2.923 on the contextual performance of effective managers have been. In this study, there is no relation between the dimensions of knowledge and the motivation of cultural intelligence and the contextual performance of tenants.

The advantage of these markets is the direct supply of products by producers and reducing the cost of sales and marketing of farmers due to direct sales of the product. Based on this, the project intends to locate local rural markets, which are one of the main transformational methods of rural development. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study is 135 villages with rural center in Khorasan Razavi province. The main tool for collecting data and measuring research variables is a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's test with 0.853 indicates that the questionnaire has a good reliability.Data were analyzed using SPSS software in the form of Friedman test, decision tree and k-means cluster. The results show that among 68 indicators, the average ranking of indicators related to tourist attractions, market-related activities and agriculture and horticulture have achieved ranks 1 to 3, respectively. Based on the decision tree analysis, 31 villages were classified as suitable for establishing permanent local markets. Cluster analysis based on impact factor put 2, 25 and 5 villages in priority 1 to 3 for market implementation, respectively. Based on the results, 20 villages were identified as suitable for creating a local road market and 89 villages as suitable for establishing local periodic markets. In relation to the upcoming research, it is also suggested to strengthen the expansion of the virtual market in the selected villages for the establishment of the Danish market.

As the world today has undergone changes, transformations and developments in various fields ,the growth and expansion of informal settlement and its consequences have also changed. Today,the process of formation and typology of informal settlements has changed and this process and complexity, are necessity of foresight and also clarifies and justifies the spread of this phenomenon.The purpose of this research, is the Future study of the status of informal settlements and presentation of future scenarios the up to 1410 using a Futures studies theory for the desired scenario that will be in line with controlling the expansion and organization of settlements. this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. To analyze the variables, the method of cross-effects analysis and the scenario wizard software were used. According to the scenario writing method, using the capabilities of the scenario wizard software, 3 strong scenarios, 4 static scenarios and 5 critical scenarios were extracted, the results show that 27% of the situations The development of informal settlements in the future is favorable and 67% is stable and critical. The metropolis of Tehran is facing three groups of scenarios for the development of informal settlements in the future. The most desirable scenario is the first group, which is based on the design and influence of policies and programs for providing housing and management. Recognizing informal ownership and fully curbing it and planning according to the development of settlements in order to increase the security of the neighborhoods and establish effective and efficient communication between the councils and the people and solve the problems of the residents. The ways to promote the development of informal settlements include: formalizing informal land ownership, creating organization to organize informal settlements and reduce the number of organizations and lack of coordination and to create cheap

Sustainable tourism as an adoptive paradigm, which could be conducive to sustainable development, associated with the local communities’ prosperity and wellbeing is the outcome of local and strategic management of social, environmental and economic resources. Sustainability is achieved by harmonizing the specific values, attitudes and knowledge of each target community. Management of natural resources additionally requires recognizing and considering the views of stakeholders and attitude of beneficiaries as the key component of decision making process. A complex of subjectivities, attitudes, opinions, meanings and representations concerning the oak forests, tourism development and rural area must be identified to achieve comprehensive understanding and assessing of function and sustainably implement of tourism. In order to contextualization of this diversity at the local level, the Q methodology was used that showed be appropriate approach for interpretation and discrimination of existing discourses. Three distinct discourses were identified. The "sustainable rural ecotourism development discourse", is characterized by an unambiguously positive view of tourism and positive aspects of the economic effects of it at the local scale, without paying attention to its macro dimensions and negative effects. "Conservation discourse incompatible with tourism development" has a great emphasis on the dimensions of environmental protection and the possible negative effects of tourism development in natural areas, due to its focus on the protection of forest ecological areas, it does not agree with the development of forest-based tourism, and development of tourism beyond the regional concerns is pivotal in "trans-local mass tourism development discourse", with the aim of getting out from national economic crisis, were identified.