فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 51 (بهار 1402)

One of the typical areas for examining literary works and comprehending their complex concepts is cognitive studies in the field of semantics in new language research. In the meantime, the idea of image schemas is one of the discoveries of cognitive semantics, which investigates the foundation of the perception of abstract concepts in sensory and organized mental experiences. This idea guides the examination of linguistic-literary works beyond their apparent meanings. This method makes it possible to comprehend the metaphysical meanings of the Holy Quran, a linguistic miracle. This article investigates the Quranic story of Moses and El-Khader based on Johnson's image schemas theory in three levels of volume, power, and movement using the descriptive-analytical method with a linguistic approach to determine the cognitive meanings in the verses. This study demonstrates that image schemas have established a balance between human conceptualization and perception. Among these, volumetric systems are the most prevalent and provide the best language for making sense of abstract ideas. In addition, knowing the schemas facilitates tangible and expansive comprehension of abstract concepts. In addition, coordinating schemas with experiences created by them has significance.

Emotional semio-semantics is a new method of literary criticism, created after structural semiotics, for exploring the formation of senses and their relationship with human’s understanding of his own immediate environment. Emotional process schema was proposed by Greimas. The schema has emotional arousal, competence, state, emotion, and evaluation. The study was conducted to explore the chain of emotional status in the novel Seven Ports of Love. The descriptive-analytical study used library resources. In this novel, the emotional state is affected by the philosophical concept of non-existence, which is called “absence” in semi-semantics. Therefore, the schema of emotional process of the story is formed according to the presence of the subject and absence of homeland. The results show that the first stage of the emotional process schema of the story is fear, under which migration is formed. The “miss” state, affected by long stay in a foreign land, forms the emotion identity of the subject and the continuation of this condition results in isolation. This is why he experiences the least amount of emotional tension. As pretension and migration action have not resulted in subject’s freedom of the motion, in evaluating stage of the emotion schema of the story which is change in the attitude of the subject, homelessness emotion was replaced by waiting emotion.

The element of feminine emotion and feelings makes part of the problem of resistance and its internal and external structures and relations recognizable. A number of maps and connotations that reconstruct the strong connection between the purity of the feminine sense and the violent world of war, through this factor, give possible and broad meanings to this pure and pure human concept. This study, with the help of semantic sign approaches and text description and analysis methods, analyzes the novel of Qamar Kilani, the lady of Syrian resistance literature, on the subject of female emotion. The scope of this article is limited to examining the role and position of Syrian women in the novel "Continuity" based on the method and pattern of Fontaine's emotional schemas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the formation, production and reception of meaning in the field of women's sustainability literature. This discourse shows how Qamari Kilani, using her feminine emotion and relying on the historical event of the June war, produces resistance-oriented meanings and distances herself from the existing and known contexts and confronts the audience with unexpected elements. They face. According to the mentioned value system in the mechanisms of production in the schema of emotional discourse, the most important themes of women's resistance in the mentioned novel are patriotism, invitation to struggle, praise of martyrdom and drawing the situation of war, This schema is aimed at establishing the ideal that governs society, namely, praising resistance and freedom, and marginalizing other concepts.

Stream of consciousness is a modern stunt in narration. Rather than recounting the events of a story, the narrator records the thoughts and feelings of a character exactly at the same moment they occur to him or her. The reader can, thus, share the mental experiences of the characters and take part in the creation of the story. This study aims at the parameters involved in the stream of consciousness with a focus on the novel Al-Khaefoun (Cowards) by Dima Wannous. It seeks to show how this phenomenon contributes to associations in the mind of the modern man, how various the narrative techniques are in the novel, and which of those techniques is the most functional. The results show that the characters of the novel speak their minds out through soliloquy, and internal soliloquy is the most commonly used. found that the events of the story are narrated in no logical order, and the overuse of poetic features has given the text a poetic rather than a prose entity. Furthermore, there are considerable references to associations, which serve to link the soliloquies. The novel is beset with ambiguities all through. This is exacerbated by the lack of logical order, dreams, and the quasi-poetic nature of the text. The author has benefited from different techniques of stream of consciousness, especially association and soliloquy, to depict the events before and after the Syrian civil war, sectarianism, the panic that has seized the people and the lack of order in the Syrian society.

Henri Louis Bergson (1892-1941), the French intuitionist philosopher, has focused almost his whole philosophy on real-time, and by suggesting a time outside the spatial-temporal limitations that can justify the fluid existence, tried to explain the truth behind this concept. The immediate intuition and perception that Bergson considers an instrument and method for perceiving and understanding the duration of existence is the same intuition by which the great poets and especially, the surreal poets pursue to remove the veil of truth. In the meantime, in Arabic literature, a surreal poet who happens to be familiar with western philosophy in general and Bergson’s philosophy in specific has taken the time out of its linear framework and tried to, like the human dynamic field, raise this subject in the concept of the extension and duration and use it for expression of continuous ‘becoming’ of life and its developments is “Adonis”. Adonis tries to know the truths of the world by placing his existence at the center, and like the flow, Bergson feels inside him and generalizes it to all phenomena. In this ode, the poet looks at what he has been through during different stages of his life and realizes it with his imagination power which is the same concept of “pure memory” introduced by Bergson. Finally, like Bergson, Adonis also considers the way to the perception of the truth and experience of the original and pure memory to be the “immediate perception” of them and avoidance of their exclusive attributes.

Mikhail Bakhtin (born in1895) achieves the concept of Carnival while investigating the characteristics of novelistic prose (which is a good platform for creating a polyphonic atmosphere and dealing with one-sidedness and authoritarianism in the culture of every society. According to Bakhtin, the novel, like medieval carnivals, is a place for the convergence of the upper and lower voices in the society and the disassembly of dominant hierarchies and discourses. He discusses categories such as otherness, polyphony, grotesque realism, chronotope, death from laughter, irony, etc. in Carnivalesque novel. He believes that the novel has the capacity to create a network of these concepts. Using a multi-layered story on the life of Omani people, especially women and slaves in the era of slavery and fundamental social, political, and cultural changes in the country, Jokha Alharthi, an Omani author, has created the Carnival world that challenges many dominant discourses and established norms. The present study intends to examine the components of Carnival in the current novel through a analytical approach. The results suggest that factors such as the creation of numerous characters from different classes, as well as the use of grotesque ideal elements such as exaggeration and disruption of social norms and life and death intermingled, have caused different ideas to have a similar voice in a dialogical space and beyond the power of the author.