فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1401)

Urban development projects as a powerful and innovative political process is a result of the global neoliberalism project, which matures under unequal geographical development by covering up real social relations. This project infiltrates opposing but mutually beneficial groups, none of which are willing to withdraw from their interests. The purpose of this article is to make clear how rent appropriation continues through changes in urban development policies and projects in the last three decades in Tehran metropolis. The methodology of this article is based on the philosophy of critical realism and with a rethinking approach, it pays attention to the power and its consequences in urban planning and the class nature of urban development projects. The findings showed that there is a structural relationship between "urban development projects" and polarization in Tehran metropolis. Urban development projects, as a new way of producing the artificial environment, give priority to special economic interests compatible with the rent accumulation strategy and to a large extent ignore the interests and priorities of powerless social groups, including the urban poor and low-income classes. In addition, the urban development projects implemented in Tehran metropolis create a high level of rent gap, rent and land price increase, which lead to gentrification with a speculative and rent-seeking character.

Aging is a stage of life that how to spend it is of special importance. Aging in Iran, which is caused by the decrease in the birth rate and medical advances, is considered a new phenomenon. The current research seeks to evaluate the current situation of the livability of Babol city with the aim of prioritizing the main components of livability from the perspective of the elderly. The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical and based on first-hand data collected through documentary and survey methods using a questionnaire. The collected data were processed using SPSS and Smart Pls software. The current situation has been analyzed using the one-sample t-test and the relationships between dimensions and livability indices have been analyzed using structural equation modeling with the partial least squares (PLS) method. The general results indicate that in the current situation, all aspects of Babil city's livability were lower than the average. The results of the model also showed that all the components have a positive and significant effect on the current situation, but the biggest effect is the urban health component, which can be called as the driver of the livability of the city of Babol. The environmental component has had the least effect on the current situation of Babil city's livability.

Urban sprawl is a well-known feature of most cities in developing countries. Unbalanced urban expansion towards the surrounding rural areas has led to the disorderly development of the city, the destruction of natural lands and the conversion of suitable agricultural lands to other uses. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating and predicting land use changes in villages around Sabzevar city. The current research is descriptive-inferential in terms of its practical purpose, and analytical-composite research from the point of view of doing it. In this research, four major uses of built spaces, gardens, vegetation and barren spaces have been investigated and predicted. The time period of the images from 1985 to 2020 is considered to examine the changes in uses and to 2040 for forecasting. To process images, Kappa coefficient and Markov chain models have been used in GIS, ENVI, Tersset and SAGA programs. The results show that the development of built uses will cause changes in vegetation and garden classes and reduce barren land use. Markov model prediction shows that the area of built spaces in 1985 was equal to 13 square kilometers, which increased to 42 square kilometers in 2020 and is predicted to reach 54 square kilometers in 2040, with an annual growth of 1.3 percent.

Achieving environmental quality criteria is not possible without considering the pattern of physical development. The quality of the place is one of the effective causes in the occurrence of various diseases, however, regarding specific diseases such as cancer, the studies conducted are in the first steps. The present study tries to measure the spatial patterns of cancer deaths in Mashhad and show that 1) What is the pattern of deaths? And 2) to what extent is it related to the quality characteristics of the environment? The study is descriptive-analytical and the study variables include 1) characteristics related to the deceased and 2) characteristics related to the quality of the environment (including air pollution and green space per capita). For this purpose, after developing a conceptual research model, by receiving information related to the deceased and the quality of the environment, a spatial database was created in the ArcGIS software environment. In the next step, using classical statistical models (correlation and t-test) and spatial statistics (spatial autocorrelation, orientation and spatial regression) data were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial pattern of the deceased did not follow the pattern of population distribution and the difference in the spatial pattern of the deceased according to gender and their average age at the neighborhood level. The use of spatial autocorrelation models showed two hot cores in the north and southwest of Mashhad and a cold core around the holy shrine. Which shows the need to pay attention to spatial differences. The results of correlation and spatial regression test indicated that the frequency of deaths in the neighborhoods is related to the average level of air pollution and green space per capita. However, the need for further studies at various intervals is suggested to confirm the findings.

Neighborhood-oriented planning is a relatively new approach that improves public services in urban management. Applying this approach in the planning process, more than anything else, requires appropriate social capital, cohesion and integration of residents in a neighborhood community, and strengthening the foundations and contexts of neighborhood identity. The present research has examined the role of the neighborhood-oriented approach in order to improve social capital in Qanat Kosar neighborhood located in the 4th district of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. By reviewing the related texts, indicators and sub-branches of the concept of neighborhood-oriented planning were extracted. Based on the mentioned indicators, the required questions were proposed and by conducting in-depth interviews with 16 people living in the neighborhood and reaching theoretical saturation, the necessary data for analysis were obtained. By using the contextual theory approach and performing three stages of coding (open, central and selective) the final categories were extracted and placed in the framework of causal, contextual, intervention, interactions/strategies and consequences. Based on these cases, a paradigm diagram of the underlying theory was presented and the final theory was obtained in order to improve social capital with a neighborhood-oriented planning approach. The results show that increasing the quality of urban spaces and improving the current situation of the neighborhood, fair distribution of service and welfare facilities, increasing interactions, empowering the neighborhood council, and gaining the trust and participation of residents are among the most important strategies to increase social capital and provide the basis for achieving sustainable neighborhood development in Qanat Kosar neighborhood.

Under the influence of social and economic factors, the cities of Kish and Dubai are witnessing the ever-increasing population growth and have become a suitable platform for the growth of urbanization and the increase of the urban population. Exploitation of natural and economic resources has caused the horizontal expansion of cities and is a threat to sustainable urban development. The approach of urban smartness seeks to provide smart urban services and provide strategies and policies in order to reduce the negative effects caused by the expansion of human activities in such cities. The present study examines and compares the status of smart urban services in Kish and Dubai with the approach of sustainable development. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data required for the research has been collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). SPSS software and F-ARAS model were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two cities of Kish and Dubai regarding the status of the indicators; including: accessibility and internet participation with the value of Mann-Whitney (2/342), health and electronic health conditions with the value of Mann-Whitney (4/351), environmental protection with the value of Mann-Whitney (4/654), increasing the necessary facilities Regarding pollution with a Mann-Whitney value of 4.431, good governance with a Mann-Whitney value (3.675) and significance level (0.000). In other words, the status of these indicators in Dubai was more favorable than in Kish. The results of Spearman's correlation test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the state of smart city services and sustainable economic, social, physical-environmental development of the cities of Kish and Dubai. Finally, the results of prioritizing smart urban services in the cities of Kish and Dubai using the F-ARAS model showed that in Kish, the index of competent governance with a weight of (0.564) and the same index with a weight of (0.465) in Dubai, are in priority.

The region of Sistan has long been a prosperous and productive area. In this geographical area, many cities have been established, but with the passage of time and changing conditions, they either disappeared or changed their functions. But since the beginning of the current century, the city of Zabol was formed by relying on government credits, and during this period, its population has constantly increased. In fact, due to the exogenous development of the city, environmental and regional problems have never stopped the growth of this city, and at the cost of the destruction of the surrounding environment, its life has continued with greater intensity. The current research has analyzed the livability of Zabol city with a descriptive and analytical method. The required data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire from a sample of 300 experts. The data was analyzed using the evaluation matrix of effective and affected indicators and the mathematical model of sustainability and viability. The results showed that this city scored 0.4829 points in the environmental section and 0.2945 points in the economic and social section. Based on these points, the livability degree of this city is determined as 0.1884 and according to the existing standards, it is placed in the weak and very weak livability group. Therefore, if the necessary control and preventive policies are not applied, not only the residence and life in this city will be threatened, but also the surrounding environment will undergo more fundamental destruction.

A sidewalk is a part of the urban space where pedestrian movement is prioritized and vehicle movement is eliminated in all or part of it. In addition to providing access, the sidewalk creates a lively, safe and comfortable space for the presence of different social groups, social interactions and optional activities. The aim of the current research is to present a model of sidewalk construction in Khorramabad city with a theoretical-applied approach based on modeling and software studies. To achieve the objectives of the research, 4 categories of indicators are used through the minimum spanning tree algorithm in the standard Matlab 2016 software environment. For the spatial analysis of the indicators, the network analysis process has been used in the ArcGIS software environment. The results showed that 29.43% of the area of Khorramabad is in a completely suitable condition for the construction of sidewalk. Spatial analysis of Khorramabad city shows that five optimal routes can be achieved for the development of sidewalks in the city. These routes are in accordance with the theoretical models obtained from the research, including: socio-economic, physical-spatial, traffic and access criteria. The best routes for pedestrian construction are: 22 Bahman Square, Velayat Boulevard, 60 Meter Boulevard, and Sharq Boulevard towards Koi Enghelab.