Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

Every year, many primary school children suffer from dental trauma. The long-term success of treatment depends on immediate emergency care and initial professional management after the injury occurs. Therefore, primary school teachers can play an important role in the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). As no systematic review has been conducted on this subject in Iran, the present study aimed to investigate the educational needs assessment and management of dental trauma in primary school teachers in Iran and in other countries.

In this systematic review, four main electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were examined with keywords derived from MESH and by designing a detailed search strategy. The studies were then transferred to EndNote software version 20 and screened based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and according to the study input criteria. Then, the selected studies were reviewed to extract the data based on the objectives of the study.

Eventually 19 studies were included in the final review phase out of the 774 studies obtained during the systematic search. Five of these studies were specific to Iran. The present study showed that the knowledge of primary school teachers about managing dental traumas is insufficient, and it is necessary to train them on appropriate trauma management to improve their ability and performance.

There are gaps in the management of dental traumas that confirm the need for effective education and intervention to improve the knowledge, performance, attitude, and ability of teachers.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial agents of composite resin materials, their efficacy in caries prevention, and their impact on the mechanical properties (flexural strength) of composite resin restorative materials.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all published articles on the effects of antibacterial properties of composite resin materials in the prevention of dental caries (between 2005 to 2020) were evaluated using valid databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ISI, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Embase, found by searching the keywords “anti-bacterial agents,” “composite resins,” “dental restoration,” and “dental caries” according to the MeSH system. The context of the studies was extracted and subjected to modified CONSORT. The required data were extracted and analyzed with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.

According to the results of the random effect model, the heterogeneity of biofilm colony forming unit (CFU) average was -1.90 (CI: -1.68 to -2.13). The mean value of the control group was higher than the intervention. The heterogeneity of flexural strength (FS) average was -11.92 (CI: -8.30 to -15.55). The mean value of the control group was higher than the intervention group. The heterogeneity of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) absorbance average was -0.90 (CI: -0.65 to -1.14). The mean value of the control group was higher than the intervention group.

The results of the present study showed that the antibacterial agents had a significant effect on the caries prevention properties of the composite resin materials; however, due to the bias related to different control groups, laboratory conditions, and mismatch between in vitro and in vivo conditions, more studies are needed in this regard.

Oral health conditions are a group of complications that are partially associated with breast cancer (BC) treatments. However, evidence on the sociodemographic risk factors of oral health conditions among BC patients is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) and dental health in a population of Iranian female BC patients in 2020. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran. Indices of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth were measured based on clinical examination by a general dentist. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews, review of the patients’ medical records, and clinical examination for six months. Data were analyzed by applying univariate and multivariable generalized negative binomial regression (GNBReg). Data were analyzed using the Stata. Data from 1760 BC patients were collected, 1707 of whom were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 46.3 ± 9.8 years. The mean of the total decayed, missing, and filled teeth, and the number of decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), and filled teeth (FT) were 12.8 ± 5.8, 3.5 ± 3.1, 4.6 ± 5.2, and 4.6 ± 4.4 teeth, respectively. Regarding SES, the number of participants with high, high-middle, low-middle, and low SES were 421, 432, 395 and 459, respectively. According to univariate analysis, there was no significant difference between different SES in mean DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth), while SES was significantly associated with DT, MT and FT among the study participants. Female BC patients in Iran have lower levels of dental health regardless of their SES. As those from different socioeconomic classes are seeking different and mostly inadequate or unsuitable dental healthcare services, tailored interventional programs are needed to address the dental healthcare needs of patients in each socioeconomic class.

The majority of oral cancers, which make up 25% to 30% of all malignancies in the oral area, are lip cancers (LCs). As far as we are aware, there haven’t been any thorough epidemiologic research on LC. This study’s objective is to look at the trend of tumor prevalence across the whole lip area in Iranians between 2004 and 2016 (Tehran, Iran). This retrospective cross-sectional study, which examined tumor location, age, gender distribution, histological tumor type, metastasis, clinical diagnosis, and recurrence of the lesion, was carried out on the pathology records of patients admitted to the Department of Pathology at the Cancer Institutes of Imam Khomeini hospital and Tajrish hospital between 2004 and 2016. The data was analyzed using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Out of a total of 237392 biopsy reports filed with the Department of Pathology, 512 instances (0.21%, 92% malignant, and 8% premalignant) involving 385 (75.2%) males and 127 (24.8%) females were discovered to be lip-related. A statistically significant difference between sex and the site of the lesion was found using the chi-square test (P = 0.032). Lower lip and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were the most typical locations and types, respectively. Recurrence and metastasis were noted in 7.8% and 25.84% of cases, respectively, with males more likely than women to experience these outcomes. Moreover, there was a significant (P = 0.025) correlation between gender and histological tumor type. The chance of developing LC was greater in men over the age of 54. The most typical location for SCC involvement is the lower lip. We discovered that women had an increased frequency of upper lip lesions. These disparities might be the result of gender-specific professional and behavioral differences. Hence, as possible contributors to the occurrence of LCs, variables including occupational and behavioral variations and public knowledge of sun exposure should be carefully evaluated.

Special physical and mental conditions of disabled individuals are burdens to their utilization of proper oral healthcare. Their caregivers can be influential in improving their oral health status. This study sought to assess the effect of oral healthcare education on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers of physically and mentally disabled individuals.

This quasi-experimental study evaluated 68 caregivers of physically and mentally disabled individuals selected from disability rehabilitation centers in Tehran by convenience sampling. A validated questionnaire was designed for data collection, including questions on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers. A brochure was also designed to cover the content of the educational intervention, and the relevant topics were taught to caregivers using the face-to-face method. A pretest-posttest method was used for effectiveness assessment. All the caregivers filled out the questionnaire before and 3 months after the educational interventions. The pretest and posttest scores were compared using the Wilcoxon test and paired t test.

Sixty-three caregivers participated in this study, 80% of whom were women and 94% had more than one year of work experience. The results showed that the mean score of their knowledge (from 1.2 ± 0.82 to 4.82 ± 0.35), attitude (from 2.38 ± 0.69 to 5.61 ± 0.75), and practice (from 0.59 ± 0.41 to 4.93 ± 0.65) increased significantly after the intervention, which indicates the effectiveness of the intervention (P < 0.001).

Educational intervention can significantly enhance the knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers of physically and mentally disabled individuals. This can, in turn, help improve the oral health status of the disabled individuals under their care.

The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) was developed to integrate several criteria systems into one standard system for caries detection and assessment. The aim of this study was to identify Turkish dental practitioners’ perceptions and experience about ICDAS II and assess how they could affect clinical decision-making. A web-based data collection form, including demographic characteristics, experience of caries detection systems, and two different clinical images with caries and treatment options, was given to Turkish dental practitioners. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test and logistic regression using SPSS 22.0 software (IBM, Chicago, IL) at a significance level of P < 0.05. Data collection forms were completed by 382 general dental practitioners. For the first clinical scenario 70.7% of the practitioners decided that no treatment was required. For the second clinical scenario 89.5% of the practitioners decided to perform tooth restoration. Considering the clinical scenario 2 treatment options, while practitioners working in the public hospital marked amalgam restoration at a higher rate, practitioners working in private clinics marked composite resin restoration and root canal treatment at a higher rate (P < 0.05). With regard to effects on treatment choices for clinical scenarios, binary logistic regression analysis found no significant effects of gender, age, or institution (P > 0.05). The visual caries detection system, ICDAS II, was a useful tool in standardizing caries diagnostic skills for practitioners and improving decision-making abilities on caries treatment.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a criterion consisting of several components that encompass socioeconomic and cultural dimensions. This study aimed to design and develop a methodological guideline for calculating a single summary index (SSI) using the contributing variables of SES in a family unit. The data consisted of 18 700 urban and 19 200 rural households. Effective components of SES were extracted using two-step factor analysis and the structural equational modeling (SEM) method for both populations separately with AMOS software. Then, in order to customize and validate the weight of each component, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was performed by a panel of experts. Finally, the SES index computational tool was developed as an SSI using all effective components by Excel software. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software version 21. In rural areas, the four wealth components of education, job, income, and family size were recognized as effective socioeconomic factors. Yet, in urban areas, family size was disregarded as an effective factor. In both rural and urban communities the three welfare components of appropriate nutrition, appropriate home appliance, and appropriate housing were similarly effective. The SES of rural population had a homogeneous distribution, while urban population did not follow a particular trend. The SES index impacts all aspects of life, especially health status. The introduced method is comprehensive and applicable to both rural and urban populations. Due to ever-changing lifestyles, constant technological advances, and socio-political changes in each society, the tool requires modification in a specific time intervals.

The importance of dietary pattern and vitamins in the incidence of cancers has been demonstrated in many studies. As there are cultural differences and various dietary patterns in different countries, the results of other studies are not necessarily applicable to our society. This study aimed to evaluate the role of some vitamins and dietary patterns in developing head and neck cancer. Dietary pattern and serum levels of vitamins in 39 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were compared to 37 healthy individuals. A native questionnaire was used to obtain the dietary pattern. The existence of a significant relationship between serum levels of vitamins and dietary pattern with the risk of HNSCC was assessed. The independent t test, chi-square and exact Fisher’s test were employed for statistical analysis. The mean serum levels of these vitamins in the case group were significantly lower as compared to the control subjects (P < 0.005). Two dominant eating patterns were identified, and after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, education, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and place of residence, it was found that people with unhealthy dietary patterns were 6.55 times more likely to develop cancer than people with a healthy diet. Lower serum levels of vitamins C and E are associated with an increased risk of HNSCC. Unhealthy dietary patterns also increase the risk of developing this cancer.