نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 12، بهار 1402)

Free trade-industrial zones as a stimulus for economic development in many countries ultimately leads to the development and social welfare of the people of the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of free trade-industrial zone on the social justice in Chabahar city. The present analytical research was an applied research in terms of purpose and it was a survey research in terms of the method. Data collection was done in two ways: library studies and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population included residents of Chabahar (106739 people) from which 382 people were selected as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The questionnaires were distributed in the four districts of Chabahar city in terms of population ratio. Data were analyzed using (SPSS), (AMOS) and Combined Human Development Index (HDI). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the free trade-industrial zone variable and the dimension social justice at 99% confidence level. The results of regression analysis showed that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social justice) is explained by the independent variable (free trade-industrial zone). Also, the results of the structural model of the research using AMOS software indicated that the relationships between social justice indicators are significant. Finally, the results of the Combined Human Development Index (HDI) showed that among the four districts of Chabahar city, the second district with a rate of (81.4) is in a semi-privileged condition; it is in a better condition than other districts.

The continuous development of urban population and their growing needs, widespread urbanization in the developing countries, demographic changes, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have made the smart city formulation and smart city governance necessary. Regarding the city of Rasht, it can be said that this city has not been able to imagine the future of development and make progress in the field of smart urban governance. The present study aimed to investigate the key driving forces of smart governance with a futures research approach. The study was applied and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of method. Data collection is documentary and survey based on Delphi technique. The statistical population included all the urban specialists in Rasht. From which 45 people were selected as the sample using Rasco's rules through snowball sampling method. 8 components and 20 driving forces regarding smart urban governance were compiled and the questionnaire of interaction effects matrix (weight 0 to 3) was provided to the specialists. Finally, key driving forces were extracted using MicMac software. The results of the analysis indicated that the education of citizenship and raising the awareness, citizen participation and commitment of officials are among the first three driving forces of smart city governance in Rasht.

Considering the limited available resources, in the field of regional economy, knowing the characteristics and economic advantages of each region provides the possibility of better planning in order to achieve development goals. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the comparative advantage of different economic sectors in Guilān province in 2014, 2016 and 2018, analyze the competitive advantage of sectors and determine the value added of sectors in Guilān province compared to the country during 2014-2016. For this purpose, the basic economy model and spatial coefficient index and shift share model were used. The results of the study showed that Guilān province in 2016 and 2018 has a relarive advantage in the agricultural sector and is in the field of economic activity and has a potential advantage for economic growth. Sectors related to agriculture, construction, wholesale, retail, vehicle and goods repair, food and shelter service activities, administrative and support services, public affairs and municipal services, and education have a competitive advantage and have undergone an upward trend in the years under study. The results of the share change model show that in the sector related to agriculture and service activities related to financial and insurance activities, Guilan province has the best performance in the country, but in the sector related to professional and scientific activities, the country has a better performance than Guilān province.

Over the past few decades, emerging environmental threats arising from population growth, the expansion of urbanization, and climate change has led to an increasing threat to water resources on a subnational to transnational scale. The threat to the survival of ecosystems and human societies due to water scarcity, especially in low rainfall areas, has played an effective role in strengthening the aspects of cooperation in hydropolitical relations. The relative power of the countries located in a common basin is one of the reasons of hydro-hegemony, and its most severe form occurs when the country upstream of the basin is the most powerful country or spatial political unit of the basin. The present study aimed at the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basins, the inputs of which were conducted using the foundation data method (Grounded Theory) and by conducting semi-structured interviews, and therefore, the question is what are the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basin? The results of 30 interviews showed that the most important factors influencing the hydropolitical relations of the countries of this basin are Turkey's dam constructions, river pollution by Armenia, the unclear legal regime of the Aras-Kura River, the economic development plans of the countries of the catchment, weakness management of water resources in the catchment basin and its consequences, threats to food security and agriculture, threats to human health, migration, drying up of the fertile plains of the region, especially Moghan due to pollution, destruction of Arsbaren forests, threats to Iran's national security in the north-west of the country, and the future conflict and tension among the countries of the catchment and the reduction of river water quality.

Achieving sustainable urban development depends on a successful principled approach to the management of human and natural resources. By explaining the future of each of the key drivers, scenario-based planning is considered as one of the key ways to achieve and succeed in sustainable urban development. It prepares the managers and officials for the upcoming challenges. This study aimed to develop sustainable development scenarios for Mahshahr port city in accordance with scenario planning. This current research was based on a futurology approach, analytical methods, and exploratory science to guide its purpose and nature. Documentary and library studies have been conducted to collect the required data and information, as well as using questionnaires and Delphi techniques. The MicMac and ScenarioWizard software were used to analyze the collected data. According to the preliminary findings of the research, out of 35 major factors affecting the sustainable development of Mahshahr port city, eight major variables were found, such as (Domestic tourism development (V4), urban development plans (V19), efficient local management (V21), efficient macro management (V23), education (V24), communication network (V28), security (V30), and geographic location of Mahshahr port (V33) all contribute to the sustainable development of Mahshahr port city.) Mahshahr port city is effectively developed through sustainable means. As a result of the circumstances ahead of these eight key drivers, 26 scenarios have been developed for the future of sustainable urban development in Mahshahr, which can be placed in three groups (optimal scenarios, static scenarios, and critical scenarios). According to the findings of the study, the port city of Mahshahr has unique natural and human potentials that provide an opportunity for its sustainable urban development. It is however important to note that different drivers play different roles in helping to provide sustainable public infrastructure of this city in the future, and the type of planning and how it is implemented can result in success in sustainable urban development and achieve the most desirable scenario, or on the contrary, this path can face many challenges and the most critical scenario possible can happen.

The concept of food systems as a guiding framework for strategic thinking towards achieving diverse, safe and nutritious food for all has been considered in the process of food policies. Food systems include all actors and activities through global value chains, including input supply, production, processing, distribution, retail, wholesale, food preparation and consumption, along with their effects on the environment, health, and society. The present research was a qualitative research based on the findings of Delphi group interviews. 25 experts were selected as the sample group. Findings showed that the indicators of good governance that were extracted from the research process included participation, legality, accountability, transparency, resilience and flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness, justice, consensual orientation, foresight and responsibility. Themes related to the good governance of sustainable urban food systems were obtained in four dimensions of institutional sustainability, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. Therefore, the combination of good governance indicators and themes of sustainability of urban food systems, would lead to consequences such as sustainable food security, environmental issues (the erosion of soil, etc.), nutrition and health, economic affairs (efficiency, etc.), and social affairs (equality, etc.). Results showed that without the application of good governance in the management of food systems, the establishment of food justice, equality and realize the right to food, and policy makers at the global, national and local levels would face many challenges. Also, governance with a high level of flexibility and resilience is the most efficient management method that can manage global food systems.