نشریه بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 59، بهار 1400)

In order to investigate the interaction of type, amount and split application of nitrogen fertilizers with plant density on morphophysiological characteristics, yield and yield components of Canola, an experiment was conducted in the Sheshdeh of Fasa in 2018-2019. Experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer on number of silique per sub-branch and per plant was significant at 5% level and the effect of plant density on 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and oil yield was significant. Ammonium sulfate (following fertilizer recommendation) had the highest number of silique per sub-branch (48.6 per sub-branch) and silique per plant (73.5 per plant) in the shoot and bud stages. The highest biological and grain yield (12840 and 4258 kg/ha, respectively) were obtained at plant density of 50 plants /m2. Densities of 50 and 70 were significantly different in grain yield. Based on results, the density of 50 plants/m2 and the use of ammonium sulfate in the shoot and bud stages had the highest yield of Canola

In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on some barley traits, 13 different barley lines were evaluated in an experiment factorially combined with completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was 13 lines of barley and the second factor was salinity at three levels (1500, 8000 and 12000 µmos/cm). These genotypes were also evaluated hydroponically at two salinity levels (control and 12 dS/m NaCl). In the pot condition, increasing salinity decreased all studied traits significantly. The highest grain and biological yield were obtained at 1500 µmos/cm and the lowest grain and biological yield at 12000 µmos/cm. The MBS-91-8 and STW-81-2 genotypes were better than other genotypes for the studied traits including grain yield and biological yield. The results of hydroponics experiment showed that the lines of STW-81-2 and MBS-91-8 in terms of root volume, root length and root dry weight was more susceptible to salinity, and lines STW-81-4, STW-81-10 and STW-82-153 were less sensitive to salinity. Therefore, sensitivity and tolerance of these genotypes can be considered in breeding programs

Sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) is a perennial plant belonging to the Violaceae family that is not only known as a medicinal and ornamental plant but also widely used in the cosmetics industry. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the quantitative and qualitative properties of sweet violet flowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (CRD) with three replications at Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan). Treatments were different levels of gibberellic acid (GA3) with three concentrations of 0 (control), 200 and 400 mg/L. Results showed that the application of  gibberellic acid at 400 ppm significantly increased flower number, flower diameter, flowering duration, anthocyanin content, flavonoids, chlorophyll and UV absorptions compared to control treatment. There was no significant difference in terms of anthocyanin, chlorophyll b and carotenoids between the treatment of 200 ppm  gibberellic acid  and control. Flower diameter, flower number, flowering duration and anthocyanin content of flowers at two concentrations of hormone (200 and 400 ppm) showed similar results. Regarding the medicinal use of sweet violet flowers, it is recommended to use hormonal treatments to increase the number of flowers and secondary metabolites of this plant.

In order to determine the heritability and genetic parameters of physiological traits related to salinity stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a 7×7 half diallel cross was conducted at Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, during 2016-2017. The F1 seeds along with their parents were grown in greenhouse under non-stress, 8 and 12 dS/m salinity stress levels. After exposure of plants to salinity, leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance were measured. Narrow sense heritability of chlorophyll content ranged from 0.29 to 0.40. These values for chlorophyll fluorescence ranged from 0.16 to 0.24 and for stomatal conductance ranged from 0.26 to 0.54. Broad sense heritability of traits was high and ranged from 0.70 to 0.87. The degree of average dominance was higher than one in all of traits, indicating the presence of over dominance in control of the traits. Dominant alleles were favorable, in stomatal conductance however such relation was not observed in leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence

Since cultivation time have important role on wheat yield in Khuzestan province, calibrated AquaCrop was used in this study to determine the effect of cultivation time in three pilots in Kosar irrigation network. Considering that wheat is cultivated on November, three dates in each decade were chosen for simulation. The results showed that AquaCrop had good accuracy for simulation of wheat yield and water use efficiency. EF and d values for yield (0.6 and 0.99) and water use efficiency (0.08 and 0.99) revealed that this model had acceptable efficiency. Results showed that wheat yield for first, second and third decade were 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 ton.ha-1, respectively. Average yield in pilot 1, 2 and 3 were 3.9, 3.6 and 3.2 ton.ha-1, respectively. Water use efficiency for first, second and third decade were 1.06, 1.05 and 1.05 kg.m-3, respectively. Average water use efficiency for pilot 1, 2 and 3 were 0.94, 1.07 and 1.15 kg.m-3, respectively. If it is necessary to increase yield, it is necessary to cultivate wheat in third decade of November. Beside this, it is recommended to manage irrigation use and decrease irrigation applied when it is raining. This leads us to increase water use efficiency.

Family farms with conservation of local species richness, are suitable for conservation of agricultural biodiversity for sustainable use of natural resources to protect the environment. The study of biodiversity of family farm species was conducted with the aim of how much they are affected by individual, socio-economic factors of farmers and their families. In this study, information about farms from 84 family farms in 10 villages was collected in the form of a questionnaire through interviews and direct observation of farms. Based on the results of socio-economic factors and farm characteristics can act as influential factors on biodiversity indicators of farms. Factors such as age, more farm experience, female participation, number of household members, number of working hours on the farm, knowledge of species cultivation goals and area of home and farm have a direct and positive effect and factors such as head of household literacy and distance from sales center have a negative effect on diversity. Encouraging farmers to plant more species on farms, proper use of species in nature to prevent damage to the environment, training farmers to do crop rotation and intercropping to control pests and improve soil fertility in maintaining and expanding biodiversity is recommended.