نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 73، تابستان 1401)

The current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research.

The present article was done to investigate the effect of Changes of modern lifestyle consequences on women`s quality of life. The method of this research was survey analytic correlation and the statistical society was all employed women over the age of 30 who were at least in B.A/B.S educational level; among them 384 women were selected in random classified method through Coockran formula. The instrument of present study was researcher`s self-made questionnaire. The validity of research was content validity and the reliability was estimated through Cronbach`s alpha technique which was approved for all variables. Research`s hypothesis were analyzed by SPSS software and the obtained results of multiple regression test revealed; due to the changes; personal, family and social consequences can determine the quality of life of employed women in Rasht city. Personal consequences had the main effect (25%) and family consequences in second place and social consequences had the least effect. Overall, personal, family and social consequences can predict 30% of employed women`s quality of life in Rasht city. In sum, women`s quality of life in subjective and objective dimensions would be based on their utilization of modern life style in individual- family and social dimensions.

The following article explores the ideas of Norbert Elias, a vanguard in the sociologist of sport. A philosopher who saw "sport" as the key to understanding societies and a tool for analyzing the governing structures of society, and saw it as a vehicle for self-control and moderation of violence in the civilizing process. In this article, we first explain the life and application of the theories of this tireless sociologist who sought to provide a model for discovering the causes of change in European behavior and how modern Western civilization originated, and the role of sport and games in this valley. Then, a look at the basics of "Elias" views in the sociology of sport is taken and his positive view of sports and verification of games. Then, the functions of sport are analyzed from his perspective, which considered sport beyond sport. In another paper, the game is described as a social process and its models for sociological explanations, because "Elias" likened the world to a big game and believed that the game and its models govern social life. And constitute human relations. Finally, in the final part of this article, the evolution of this phenomenon was examined and its change process from traditional and violent games to modern and peaceful sports was analyzed. The process in which sport influences the behavioral patterns of Europeans and the process of "sportization" process in society as a whole to provide the basis for the creation and expansion of Western civilization.

This research aims to investigate the performance evaluation indicators of sports managers, by aggregating and compiling some variables, indicators and performance evaluation criteria using the Delphi panel method (opinion from a group of experts in the field of sports and sports managers), trying to compile, compile, It has verified and analyzed a wide range of indicators for evaluating the performance of sports managers. Subsequently, the number of thirty-one aggregated indicators, after extraction and calculation, expansion and internal and external adjustment, by a specialized panel of other sports management experts (who were identified as snowballs) were placed in ten categories (classes) and The reliability of this classification process has been confirmed by statistical methods.After determining and clarifying performance evaluation indicators in ten separate and different categories, a taxonomy of indicators with different cognitive criteria and the characteristics and criteria of the sports field and the management of sports events and venues was carried out, and some types of indicators and evaluation criteria The performance was recognized as the type focused on results, the type focused on results, the type focused on the promotion of intellectual assets and human capital, the type focused on efficiency, the type focused on the flourishing of the inherent and internal capabilities of the employees, the type focused on effects and results.

Religiosity is a fundamental factor in socialization and intellectual coherence, practicality and orientation in solving problems and phenomena and social issues, and thus a factor in improving the social health of individuals. Regarding the importance of the discussion of social health, the present study uses a field method, scanning technique, questionnaire tool, and SPSS and Smart PLS software to answer the main question. Whether between different dimensions of religiosity and social health Is there a relationship between the female head of household in Rasht? The statistical population of the present study is female head of household in Rasht, whose number is 26000 according to the latest statistics. The results of the research indicate that between the total amount of religiosity (0.33) and its dimensions, the consequences dimension (P=0.22), religious dimension (P=0.39), belief dimension (P=0.36) There is a positive, direct, and meaningful correlation between social and economic factors (P=0.25) and cognitive dimension (P=0.34). Therefore, all research hypotheses are rejected. The results of the Smart PLS structural equation model also showed that the total effect of the independent variable religiosity on the social health of female head of household is 0.57.

The study aimed to assess factors associated with the tendency to addiction. The population of this study consisted of all students at the University of Applied Science, Urmia police unit who are studying in the academic year 94-93. The sample size in this study, according to Morgan, 70, who was selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaire. The findings suggest that the relationship between extracurricular activities with no significant tendency towards addiction. The laws and regulations in relation to drug addiction tendencies and significant negative relationship exist. The confidence of students with significant negative correlation is their tendency to addiction. Negative relationship between academic achievement and their tendency to addiction and meaningful. Laws and regulations related to addiction, self-esteem and academic achievement and a significant negative effect on students' tendency to addiction and its inverse predictor. Extracurricular activities, students do not have a significant effect on the tendency to addiction and not significant predictors.

Attention to organizational excellence and staff empowerment has increased due to accelerating developments and competition for greater success among military organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of police force employees staff empowerment in organizational excellence by survey method. The statistical population included all police force employees who were serving in Ardabil province in 1400. 320 questionnaires were distributed using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated using content validity tests, mean variance extracted, composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha, using Smart Pls software, which confirmed the obtained coefficients, validity and reliability of the assessment tool. It was determined by analyzing the data; The level of organizational excellence and employee empowerment is high and employee empowerment explains 64% of changes in organizational excellence. The results of hypothesis analysis showed that perceived organizational support, management style, work experience and cultural and economic capital have a moderating role in the relationship between employee empowerment and organizational excellence of police force employees. Criteria Z and R2 also showed that the experimental structural model has a suitable fit.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Mohaghegh Sabzevari's thought on the social behavior of the Safavid sultans, which was done by studying the available sources. The research method of this topic is descriptive, which is a documentary method by studying books, articles, and examining the theoretical foundations of the thinkers of the Safavid period. The findings show that with the emergence of the Safavid dynasty, a new page was turned in the way of governance and communication with the people to stabilize and develop the society in that period. With regard to the officialization of the Shia religion and its acceptance by the people, the Safavid sultans turned to the thinkers of the Shia scientific fields in order to legitimize themselves and adhere to the rational and rooted rules connected to the revelation and religious texts for the administration of the country. Scholars also seized this opportunity to promote Shiism to the level of political and social administration of the newly independent country of Iran, and began to theorize about the type of guardianship and jurist supervision over the monarchy. The importance of this issue comes from the fact that the rise and fall of any civilization is the result of accumulation, reproduction and degeneration, which is the social and political system of societies. In this situation, Mohaghegh Sabzevari strengthened the social behavior of the Safavid sultans and stabilized their government by presenting reformist ideas.