مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1401)

The first principle among the six principles of maintaining health from the perspective of Persian Medicine is air. Air plays an important role in respiration of living organisms. Any changes in air quality can affect the functioning of vital body systems. This study investigates the effect of air on the body from the perspective of Persian Medicine and suggests ways to prevent the negative effects of air pollution on human health from the perspective of both traditional and modern medical systems. In this library study, we reviewed important sources of Persian Medicine, especially Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, as well as qualified books and sources on health maintenance on the topic of air. Subsequently, corresponding evidence was studied in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and SID. Choosing a suitable place of residence, avoiding inhalation of dusty air, type of clothing, skin breathing conditions and creating a suitable ventilation system are among the recommendations of Persian Medicine for physical and mental health. Paying attention to the direction of sunlight, direction of winds, being exposed to the air of diverse agricultural fields, and finally the proximity and distance of the place of residence from mountains, seas and mines are among considerations of Persian Medicine. Examining the opinions of Persian Medicine and comparing it with the evidence in Modern Medicine revealed that many of the preventive recommendations of Persian Medicine regarding the strategies to avoid the negative effects of exposure to unhealthy air are in line with modern documentations of conventional Medicine, Thus, evaluation of the proposed strategies of Persian Medicine in prevention and treatment, especially  that of respiratory diseases, is recommended.

This study was conducted with the aim of bibliometric analysis and visualization of the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine during the years 2010 to 2021.

The present study is a descriptive bibliometric study. The community studied in this research consists of 546 articles from 48 issues and 4 special issues of the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine from the the first publication (2010) to the end of 2021.The journal website and Scopus database were used to collect the required data. Bibliographic and citation information of all articles were extracted and saved in CSV format. Specifications of all articles were downloaded and saved in ris file format for visualization. After collecting the data, Excel software was used to perform descriptive analysis and VOSviewer was used to visualize the data.

The trend of journal publication and citations is first upward and then downward; so that the number of articles in the journal is ascending and then descending from 2010 to 2016. The trend of received citations is also upward and growing from 2010 to 2012, and then downward and constant. Alireza Ghannadi’s article titled "Necessity, importance, and applications of Traditional Medicine knowledge in different nations" was the most cited article in Scopus with 12 citations. Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani is the most productive author with 36 articles, and Meysam Shirzad has the most co-authorship with 153 links. Most of the top authors are from Tehran and Isfahan Universities of Medical Sciences. The keywords, traditional medicine with 74 occurrences, traditional Iranian medicine with 46 occurrences, and Persian Medicine with 45 occurrences are the three most frequent keywords in the Journal respectively.

This study has provided a bibliometric analysis and citation analysis of all the articles in the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine during the years 2010 to 2021. The findings of this study can serve as a guide and roadmap to journalists and assist them in continuing their way.

Urban and industrial life and the gradual dissociation from a healthy lifestyle at the individual, family and social levels have created challenges for the health system, which experts consider to be the consequences of modern life. The aim of the current research is to investigate the possible consequences and challenges of the health system due to the changes and developments of the lifestyle in the country in the next 10 years, using a future research approach, and to reveal the possible answers of Persian Medicine to improving lifestyle.

This applied research is conducted using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of data collection. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics analysis and the methods of "interaction analysis" (with the help of Micmac software) and "future wheel", which are among future research techniques, have been used. In order to interview and distribute questionnaires, the statistical population of Persian medical experts, managers of the Ministry of Health, and faculty members of the School of Persian Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected.

Based on the findings of this research, 17 key variables affecting the future were identified. Subsequent implementation of interaction analysis method on these variables, revealed the mechanisms of influence between them, and also highlighted four factors of "urbanization and population movement", "narcotics", "prepared foods" and "air pollutants" as future-making driving forces. In the next step, by discovering the relationship between the factors, the future wheel method helped the analyses to make sense in the future horizon.

According to the findings of this research based on the very serious factors and consequences that will impose many challenges on the health system, it seems that one of the most important ways out of the crises facing the country is to modify lifestyle and use the scientific and cultural capacity of Persian Medicine.

Prolonged labor is accompanied by many complications for the mother, fetus, and infant and thus, one of the best measures is to create new approaches to facilitate and speed up the childbirth process. Considering the global trend towards complementary medicine, investigation and research on traditional medicine sourcesregarding birth positions, can be an effective measure in preventing and treating prolonged labor and ultimately increasing the health of the mother and the baby. This research aims to examine all the birth positions that are presented in reliable sources of Traditional Persian Medicine to facilitate childbirth. The study was conducted by library method, in which the authentic texts of traditional medicine, including Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb, Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, Exir-e Azam, Hidayat al-Muta`allimin fi al-Tibb, Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Al-Tasrif Liman 'Ajaz 'Aan al-Taleef, Tibb-i Akbari, Tadbir al-Hubala wa-al-Atfal wa-al-Sibyan, Moalijat-i Aqili and Bahjat al-Ru'asa' fi Amrad al-Nisa' were studied. The frequency of giving birth positions during thousands of years indicates a valuable resource that can help us a lot in designing and presenting a specific position, and finally, the best position for giving birth is sitting on a chair.

Epidemic and contagious diseases have been common in human societies for a long time and have persistently caused problems. Ancient Iranians were familiar with contagious diseases and prevented their spread with preventive measures. The preventive approach after Islam in Persian medicine has been emphasized by Iranian Muslim scholars and they have written many treatises on this topic. Nasihat-Nama Suleimani by Hakim Shah-Mohammad Ibn Haji Qazvini (15th century A.D) is a short, but valuable work written to maintain health during epidemics. The current research is a review study with a library method, which introduces the book Nasihat-Nama Suleimani and its author, Hakim Shah-Mohammad Ibn Haji Qazvini, and explains the preventive measures mentioned in the work. Hakim Shah-Mohammad Ibn Haji Qazvini was one of the Sunni Iranian scholars who lived in Iran in the Safavid era, and then migrated to Istanbul at the invitation of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II. In the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire faced epidemics such as plague and other infections. The author wrote the valuable work "Nasihat-Nama Suleimani" on lifestyle management (Hifz al-Sihha) in Persian language in 1522 during epidemics, and dedicated it to Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566 AD). The author describes preventive measures during epidemics based on the six essential principles of lifestyle in Persian Medicine. Today, with the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic and the role of compliance with health guidelines, the importance of health and prevention has become more and more clear to everyone, while Persian medical scholars had good knowledge and awareness of the field of health and public health since the most ancient times and considered prevention before treatment and paid attention to health protection measures.

Medical ethics is a long-lasting and deep-rooted heritage, and its foundations have all human knowledge and the teachings of divine prophets and the lives of sages and physicians, dating back as far as human history. The purpose of the study is to process the historical developments of medical ethics and to take instructive lessons from them. This review study was conducted by referring to a selection of valid and relevant articles. Analyzing the findings, establishing coherence and coordination between them, inferring ethical concepts and clarifying ambiguous cases, has been done with an analytical historiography approach. The severe limitation of resources is one of the factors affecting any type of study in the history of ancient medicine. In the subject of the study, two time periods "Ancient times before the appearance of Zoroaster and writing the Avesta"; and "the rise and fall of the Sassanids until the rise of Islam", has been reviewed. In practice, the desired findings and evidence from the ancient times to the founding period of Jundishapour University, including the activity period of this great civilizational institution to the period before the advent of Islam, were reviewed; and highlights related to moral values and developments, were gathered and, based on the historical periods are presented. Ethics is at the heart of the holy profession of medicine and its cognate and companion, as an ancient knowledge, throughout time and current and as a soul in the body of time, it is always life-giving and still alive and dynamic and playing a role.