فصلنامه چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1402)

 The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Commitment using Work Engagement as a mediator variable.

Design/ methodology/ approach:  

This research is practical and descriptive-scrolling. The data collection method is using a questionnaire. to design questions, Standard Questionnaire of John Millman's, Wilmer's Standard Adjustment Questionnaire, and Jalal Hanayha's Organizational Commitment Standard Questionnaire were used. Data analyse was done by using SPSS and PLS softwares.

 The results shows that Workplace Spirituality has a direct effect on Organizational Commitment and an indirect effect on Organizational Commitment using modiator variable, Work Engagement.

Limitations & Consequences:  

One of the limitations of this research was long distance between branches of the bank, which ultimately leading us to consider only the privileged and first-class branches as our statistical population. This caused a decrease in our statistical population that could change the results of the research.

Practical Consequences:  

People who come to the organization with higher spirit, good morals and more spirituality should be encouraged and this behavior should be emphasized in the organization and people should be encouraged to do this to institutionalize the role of honesty in organizational commitment.

Innovation or value of the Article:  

Since in previous researches, the separate impact of each of the mentioned variables on each other has been investigated, and so far no research has investigated the simultaneous impact of the workplace spirituality effect on the organizational commitment by considering moderating role of Work Engagement, the present research has tried to investigate this effect in the form of a single model. on the other hand, the statistical population of the present study has widely covered the privileged and first-class branches of all the provinces of the country, which has distinguished this study from previous studies.
Paper Type: Research Paper

The present study aimed to use Weber's ideal bureaucracy as a framework for adaptation, considering one of its structural features, namely specialization, which utilizes rationality, the expertise, scientific and expert calculations as the bases for decision-making instead of personal preferences and political tendencies, and consider the fact that administrative decisions are generally taken either as a result of political or administrative opinions (specialization) to determine to what extent the political powers, which govern the process of organizational decision-making in Iranian ministries and public agencies, or in a more general sense, in the Iranian state bureaucracy are compatible to the specialization and technocratic power of Weber's ideal bureaucracy model.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

 Data of the present research were collected by a qualitative approach based on inductive thematic analysis, purposive snowball sampling, and semi-structured interviews with 10 executive experts of the Ministry of Education, and then they were coded and analyzed, and the network of extracted themes was drawn

There were 19 themes organized and identified in the study included policy-based power, non-compliance with documented laws and guidelines, disregard for existing infrastructures and facilities, the superiority of political considerations over decisions, nepotism, redundant bureaucracies, weakness of accountability, short-term records of ministerial service, failure to set goals, formalism, disregard for environmental ecology, corruption, periodic decisions, weakness in the use of expertise and acceptance of experts in decisions, weakness in scientific competence and background of decision-makers, poor participation in decisions, limited evaluation system in decisions, instability, lack of coordination, and weakness in the implementation of planning.

Limitations & Consequences: 

The final model is presented by the researcher and the results of the research may not be generalizable in all public sector organizations.

Practical Consequences: 

The results of the research show that in the government bureaucracy of Iran, in the framework of Weber and Sala model bureaucracy, specialized power is more inclined to sala model and political obedience is a priority.

Innovation or value of the Article:

 In the researches conducted in the country so far, the degree of adherence and commitment of the Iranian government bureaucracy to structural features such as specialization and technocratic power proposed in Weber's ideal bureaucracy as a basis for solving many problems and administrative problems have not been investigated.

 The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of changes in the most important causes of emergence and the most effective strategies for managing corruption in three different time periods (1999, 2009 and 2021) from the perspective of managers and employees of the Khorasan Razavi public sector.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive-survey and longitudinal survey.
Research

 Based on the analysis of data collected in these three studies, economic factors have decreased from the first rank in 1999 to the third ranks in 2009 and 2021 and the factors related to laws and regulations in 1999 And 2009 were in the fifth (last) position, up to the first rank of the causes of corruption. Also, efficient laws and regulations as the most important strategies to control corruption, have been upgraded from second place in 1999 to first place in the last two studies and increase the salaries of government employees from first place in 1999 to third place in 2009 and to 13th place in 2021 has fallen.

Limitations & Consequences:  

Conservatism in answering questions, which makes the return rate of questionnaires very low and makes the implementation process more difficult.

Practical Consequences: 

 Based on the results of the research, the focus is on transparency of laws and regulations, informing about how to receive services, creating more efficient mechanisms in the decision-making process of governmental organizations, reforming processes and governance structures with the approach of tightening existing controls can be considered by policymakers in order to better manage of the disease of corruption.

Innovation or value of the Article:  

 In the field of administrative corruption in Iran, no longitudinal study has been done and this article, by using the trend research approach, provides the possibility of identifying changes in the attitude of the target society and using it in formulating more effective policies in this field.

One of the most important challenges of governmental organizations in the field of human resources is dwarfism, which in the long run causes the organization to face the problem of lack of required talents and the lack of systematic plans to ensure the continuity of leadership. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to design a dwarfism pattern in Iranian governmental organizations.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: 

The strategy of this research is qualitative based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the research is executive managers and professors specializing in public administration. In this research, purposeful and snowball sampling was used to select the sample, which was achieved based on the saturation rule by conducting 17 interviews. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin (1990) three-step coding method and MAXQDA 2020 software.

In this study, a total of 88 concepts in the form of 20 final sub-categories and 6 main categories, were found and they were: the politicization of the human resources management system, showcase management, Instability in the atmosphere of the organization and The antagonism of managers (causal conditions), merit phobia, Professional inefficiency, rejection of succession and administrative mercantilism (central category), ineffectiveness of the human resources recruitment system, lack of motivation of talented human resources and disregard for the growth and development of human resources (strategies/actions), short-sightedness of managers and interactions. limited and vague (intervening conditions), cultural, individual and social contexts (contextual conditions) and organizational numbness, organizational slowness, reduced efficiency and effectiveness of human resources and anti-elitism in the organization (consequences).

Limitations & consequences: 

The lack of easy access to experts due to the spread of the Corona virus was one of the limitations of this research.
Practical Consequences: In order to identify the dimensions and components of the dwarfism phenomenon in the present study, senior decision makers, policy makers and senior managers of governmental organizations should apply the necessary practical strategies to implement the research results.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The present study is one of the less attention topics in the field of organizational behavior and human resource management and provides a model for it.

Today, human resources are known as the only sustainable competitive advantage for organizations, and organizations make significant investments in the field of education due to the intense competition they have with each other. However, the effectiveness of training depends on whether the skills learned by employees are transferred to the real work environment or not. Among the various factors that directly or indirectly affect the transfer of education, the support of the supervisor (direct manager) as a work environment variable has various relationships with the transfer. If employees receive support from their supervisor, they will be more motivated to learn and master the learning content and can create a proper transfer of training.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

 In this research, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of brokerage companies using a targeted sampling method. The method used in this research, among the qualitative methods, was directed content analysis.

The sequential review of interviews and continuous comparison of data led to the identification and classification of three themes of attitude, strategy and behavior, eight sub-themes and 41 symptoms of the guideline. The results indicated that the attitudes, strategies and behaviors used by managers towards their employees are very important in the transfer of training and its implementation in the organization and prevents the wastage of huge financial and non-financial resources.

Limitations & Consequences: 

The sample examined in this research belongs to the brokerage industry, the obtained results should undoubtedly represent the financial intermediation companies in Iran, but cross-population research raises the question of whether it is possible to adopt the same measures in different fields and can the results obtained in other countries and industries be used?

Practical Consequences: 

This research presents a new configuration of support for middle managers (direct supervisors) or the leaders of training transfer to facilitate learning in the workplace. Managers use strategies based on their attitudes towards in-service training and finally based on general strategies, which can be implemented either with the help of senior managers of the organization or at the level of the manager himself (direct supervisor). They are implemented, behaviors are used in 4 instrumental, informational, evaluation and emotional dimensions to improve the transfer environment for their employees.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The researches carried out in the field of education transfer have raised the issue of manager's support as a part of organizational support, and none of them have addressed in detail the dimensions of managers' attitudes, behaviors and strategies.

The aim of the current research was to find a model to evaluate the development policies of renewable energies effective on macroeconomics indicators.

Design/ methodology/ approach:

 The research methodology was the use of a qualitative-quantitative exploratory combined method. The statistical community in the qualitative section, professors of higher education centers in the field of energy and economics and high, middle managers and senior experts of the country's electricity industry, and in the quantitative section, managers and deputies of the Ministry of Energy, Tavanir companies, and regional electricity of Tehran, Fars, Mazandaran and Satba which was 180 people. In the qualitative section, 20 experts were selected using the snowball sampling method, and in the quantitative section, 123 people were selected using the relative stratified sampling method using Cochran's formula. The data were analyzed in the qualitative section with Delphi technique and in the quantitative section with a 105-item questionnaire using SPSS and Smart PLS software. In order to determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, the necessary checks including acceptability and ability were used, and in the quantitative stage, the validity of the questionnaires in form and content (CVR and CVI range for each of the items, respectively between 6. 0 to 0.1 and 0.85 to 1.0) and the structure was confirmed. The reliability and combined reliability of the components were estimated and confirmed between 0.847 and 0.951 and 0.759 and 0.931, respectively.

The findings showed that the evaluation model of effective renewable energy development policies has nine dimensions (objective evaluation, legal framework, compliance and compatibility, management requirements, policy environment management, process evaluation, policy evaluators, audit and the characteristics of the optimal method of evaluation) and 25 components.

Limitations & Consequences: 

According to the identification and testing of the dimensions and explanatory components of the evaluation of renewable energy development policies effective on macroeconomics indicators in the electricity industry, the generalization of the results to other industries is limited.

Practical Consequences: 

Providing a model for evaluating renewable energy development policies effective on macroeconomics indicators in the electricity industry

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The current research deals with one of the less noticed cases in the electricity industry and the subject of renewable energies and presents a model regarding it.

The purpose of this study is the Identification of factors which impact on stress-free work in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Organization, conceptual model design and Validation model performance.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: 

Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to achieve the objectives of the research. In the qualitative part, using fuzzy Delphi method, the effect on stress-free work was identified. In the quantitative part, questionnaires were designed to validate the conceptual model. The sampling method in the qualitative part was non-probability snowball type and in the quantitative part, random sampling in the limited population. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 380 people was determined. The validity of the questionnaire is content validity and its reliability is calculated by Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the experimental data, test the hypotheses and confirm the agreement of the theoretical structurethe experimental structure for factor analysis and path analysis have been used.

Research shows that personal, operational, organizational and environmental factors are effective for stress-free work. Among the factors, effective, organizational, operational and environmental factors are inversely related to stress-free work, but another factor is directly related to stress-free work.

Limitations & Consequences:

 in the early stages, the lack of previous researches, led to the presentation of the initial model based on the researchers inference.

Practical Consequences:

 By implementing this model, in addition to increasing performance, people tend to leave the organization less and their motivation increases.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

To design a stress-free work model, in parallel with examining the factors affecting stress management, the factors affecting job stress were examined; Finally, by combining these two different categories, factors and indicators of stress-free work were extracted based on the inference of the researchers and the opinion of the experts, and then validated; The result of design and validation is a comprehensive and new model that includes the environment, the individual and the organization.