نشریه مطالعات محیط انسان ساخت
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Women's participation in the labor force and socioeconomic activities is now recognized as one of the key identifiers of human development. because social wellbeing and poverty are intimately correlated with women's economic activities. As a result, the current study's goal is to spatially evaluate the variables influencing rural women's entrepreneurship with a focus on handicrafts. In terms of its goal, method of data collection, and descriptive-analytical analysis, the current study is an applied one. For statistical analysis of the data, we utilized SPSS software's Spearman correlation coefficient, regression, and path analysis tests. For geographical analysis, we used ARCGIS software's spatial statistics models of hot spots analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Moran index), and IDW interpolation. The findings of the research show that according to the results of the path analysis test, economic, political and socio-cultural indicators have the most influence and technological factors have the least influence on rural women's entrepreneurship. Also, according to the results of the regression analysis, the indicators of government support, market, infrastructure, raw materials, education and information have the greatest impact on the entrepreneurship of rural women in the studied villages and the least impact on the entrepreneurship of rural women in the studied villages to social factors, equipment and new methods and approaches.

This is an analytical study of the physical inadequacies related to the intra-urban road network in cities that have been created and developed informally. This research is an applied one and has a quantitative approach. Data has been collected through field visits and resource reviews and analyzed using GIS software, model Shannon entropy and model COCOSO. The findings show that the road network of , Robat-Karim is the better than Pakdasht and Mallard. But the road network of the investigated cities has many inconsistencies with the road standards in their urban plans; they do not follow a specific pattern and are mainly in an incomplete checker pattern, especially in the low-income and productive parts. Since the road networks are not designed so that local roads gradually direct the traffic from inside the residential context, secondary and main grade 2 arterial roads to the central core and other areas, they do not have the necessary efficiency. This issue has led to insufficiency in their mobility, accessibility, and social functions. Also, the road network of these cities does not comply with the principles of smart cities, which emphasize walking and public transportation in order to reduce the use of cars.

The Symbio City model emphasizes above all the realization of all sustainability principles at the level of urban neighborhoods. In the meantime, Bo01 neighborhood is known as a leading global example in the field of sustainable urban development, which includes ambitious environmental standards and improving the quality of life among its important goals. Based on this, the aim of the current research is the components reading of the Symbio City based on the characteristics of Bo01 neighborhood. The current research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research show that Tom's class focused on the quality/time model in Bo01 neighborhood design. The most important components of the Symbio City are the use of 100% renewable energy, environmentally friendly design, green space, biodiversity, water management, waste management, sustainable transportation, and social and aesthetic spaces. There are 1400 square meters of solar collectors in apartment buildings and 200 square meters of them in empty spaces. Each household has only 0.7 parking spaces. Bo01 neighborhood has a lot of variety in terms of architecture and landscape, and has been created by combining the environment and creativity, an attractive place. About 50% of the area is open space, many social spaces are designed in a diverse landscape. In other words, the density of 26 residential units per gross hectare has balanced 50% of open space allocation.

Since unequal access to urban services can result in an unbalanced development of the city and the racial segregation of its neighborhoods, the rapid growth of urbanization, particularly in recent decades, has elevated the significance of the optimal distribution of urban services and the equitable access of citizens to such services. This study aims to conduct a spatial analysis of the distribution of educational and healthcare services as well as the levels of satisfaction with these services in the four regions of Yasouj city and its suburbs to achieve spatial justice in the homogeneous access of citizens to urban services. The required data for the current study were collected from the library and the field methods and is a descriptive-analytical and applied research. After introducing the ideas using the library approach, the geographical distribution of educational and medical services was examined at the level of the four districts of Yasouj city using the network analysis technique in GIS software. The findings indicate an uneven geographical distribution of healthcare and educational services at the level of Yasouj city. According to the findings, communities in District 1 of Region 1 and District 1 and 2 of Region 2 have the maximum access to educational and healthcare services, while neighborhoods in District 3 of region 1 and District 2 of region 3 have the minimum degree of access.

Traffic studies are extremely complicated in developing cities. The increase in the number of vehicles and population has given rise many problems such as traffic congestion, increase in accidents rate and casualties, air pollution, increase in travel time, waste of citizens' time and increase in the use of energy resources in the cities. Therefore, it seems necessary to use the Bus Rapid transit in this city. The purpose of this study is to present a method for evaluating the environmental impacts of Rapid System transit lines. In this research, criteria such as the time horizon of the project, discount rate, social cost of carbon, road safety effects estimation, economic benefits due to improvement of road safety estimation, statistical value of life, the effect of increasing the physical activity of citizens, greenhouse gas reduction, and the air quality effect has been applied to analyze the cost benefit of this system in this research. The results of this study showed that the total benefits from the implementation of Mashhad Bus Rapid transit line 2 is equal to 339857701 dollars, whose net present value by applying a discount rate of 15% is equal to 85059606. The internal of return rate is also estimated at 2915%.

Today, the discussion of the resilience of residential areas is considered one of the most important study topics in the world. Since the world is constantly and constantly involved in many issues including natural and human accidents, it is necessary to have safe settlements against human and natural hazards. During the past centuries, the world has seen some unexpected epidemics and pandemics such as the outbreak of tuberculosis, polio, cholera, AIDS, influenza, Sars and recently, Covid-19. Therefore, increasing or improving the capacity of a system is very important for standing and recovering from epidemics. In this research, the aim is to evaluate the effects of the diversity of rural women's economic activities on the resilience of rural settlements against corona disease in the rural settlements of the central part of Neka city. This research is a practical and quantitative study. The results showed that the level of economic and physical resilience of the rural settlements in the central part of Neka city is lower than the average assessment, and the level of social resilience is at the average level. According to the linear regression test, the variation of women's economic activities with a beta of 0.428 has had the greatest impact on the resilience of rural farming households.Also, the variables of the diversity of women's economic activities in the agricultural and non-agricultural sector are directly influencing the increase of the resilience of rural households.

The public spaces are important part of cities because of more interactions between people occurs in there and it consistent of parts that people have physical and visual access to them. During recent years, with the loss of economic, political, cultural and social structures efficiency, urban chaos is obvious in all its aspects. Urban crisis manifests in claims of citizenship and more and more people talk about Right to the City. Actually, this approach provides an appropriate conceptual tool to criticize status quo of today’s cities. In addition, to achieve an ideal situation we can extract very rich and creative ideas from the concept of “Right to the City”. In other words, the “Right to the City” is both the issue of the current city (present city) and the issue of the ideal city (a city that should be). The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban space indices on the realization of the right to city in Kashan. According to the nature of the variables, the research method is descriptive-analytical and was conducted by a survey. Findings of the study showed that there is a significant and direct relationship between the variable of the level of desirability of public spaces and the three variables of the right to the city, i.e., allocation to the city, vitality of urban spaces and participation, at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The zero-carbon or low-carbon city is a new approach, which is rooted in sustainable urban planning. The main goal of this model is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide in urban areas. Sari, which is the capital of Mazandaran, contains natural resources and is located in an especial geographical location. As a consequence of recent years' development, the city has gone out of the way of harmonious development with nature. This study aims to compile indicators and criteria of the zero-carbon model for Sari city. Thus, the document study method is used as the tool to review the general condition of the city and basic indicators and criteria. Then, the depth interviews were conducted with the experts and the analysis has done by MXQDA to find out the indigenous criteria and indicators. After that, the indicators and criteria were scored and prioritized by experts. As a result, this study would place applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose. The final result has shown that land use, management, and policymaking are the top three indicators, respectively. The means of sustainable transportation, reusable energy sources for neighborhoods, and green infrastructure are the main three indicators. In conclusion, the physical variables are not the only effective elements in planning a zero-carbon city, raising awareness and making suitable policies for encouraging citizens' participation are also efficient.

Today, mother cities have great political, economic, commercial and cultural importance and are considered important economic and commercial centers of every country. In Iran, development has not been done in a balanced manner and we are facing an imbalance in the urban hierarchy system in the country, which has caused centralization in some cities of Iran and has caused the balance of spatial distribution and urban hierarchy to collide. One of the ways to solve this problem is to create a balanced form of urban centers, at different levels of settlement, population and function in the territory, in order to create balance in the urban network and hierarchy. In this regard, the city of Khorramabad is considered one of the middle cities in the Maranab series of cities. There are different methods for visualizing its transformation into a mother city, one of these methods is future research with a scenario writing approach.The aim of the current research is to identify the scenarios facing Khorramabad in joining the mother city network.

In general, this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. And the Delphi method, interaction effect analysis, Mic Mac software and Schwartz scenario writing were used.The obtained results show that six factors were selected as the final key factors as well as two uncertainties and finally four scenarios were written.

In today's era, the field of creativity and innovation is to produce new services and products, based on this, entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as an important factor for creating change and transformation towards sustainable products and processes.Therefore, paying attention to the capabilities of sustainability and creating a positive attitude as well as using sustainable entrepreneurship can help agricultural activities.The purpose of this research is to explain the impact of the livability of rural settlements in Javadabad district of Varamin city on sustainable entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.The current quantitative and applied research has been carried out in a survey form and in terms of methodology with a combination of descriptive-analytical methods.The main research tool for data collection is the researcher's questionnaire.The results of the research showed that according to the Pearson correlation test, the economic and environmental dimensions of livability have a positive and significant relationship with the intention of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship.Also, the viability of rural settlements has a positive and significant relationship with the intention of sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship.The multiple regression model using the combined method was able to explain 0.235% of the changes in the dependent variable. Clarifying the impact of viability on sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship and localization of agricultural sustainability entrepreneurship indicators of the Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute in the scope of studies is the innovation of the present research.