فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 122 (اردیبهشت 1402)

Empowerment has been considered from different perspectives. One of the most important points of view is psychological empowerment. Education based on neuroscience helps to study the characteristics related to the psychological empowerment of employees, so that along with organizational development and organizational culture, the psychological characteristics of employees can be examined from another perspective. Educational neuroscience can be helpful in answering the questions that current organizational science studies are unable to solve. Identification of effective indicators on the design of psychological empowerment training of human resources has been less investigated in previous studies.

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating, identifying and applying the indicators of educational neuroscience in the training of psychological empowerment of human resources.

The current research was conducted based on a mixed design (with a qualitative and quantitative approach). The qualitative part included inductive content analysis, and the quantitative part included internal validation from neuroscience experts using a survey method. The statistical population in the qualitative section included written and electronic documents and resources from 1380 to 1401, and in the quantitative section, there were experts in the field of educational and learning neurosciences and educational technology experts in the country. The sample of the quantitative part included 19 experts who were selected by the purposeful sampling method of the accessible type, of which 10 answered the questionnaire. Data collection was done in the qualitative part by content analysis of documents and in the quantitative part by using a 4-item Likert-type researcher-made questionnaire.

The content analysis carried out in this research,26 indicators of the principles of educational neuroscience that can be used in the formulation of organizational training were extracted.

The results obtained from the internal validation of indicators based on educational neurosciences showed that the indicators discovered in the current research have the necessary validity for the training of psychological empowerment of human resources.

In the pathology and treatment of veterans' spouses, various therapeutic interventions have been designed and implemented to improve their psychological condition in the form of interventional studies. Research revealed that methods of cognitive restructuring treatments such as acceptance and commitment therapy can help veterans' spouses. Based on the studies, the researches targeting this issue are very limited.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional empathy and forgiveness in women with veteran spouses.

The research method was applied in a semi-experimental way with a pre-test-post-test design and a one-month follow-up with a control group. From the statistical population of veterans' spouses who referred to counseling centers in Piranshahr city in 2019, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people. In order to collect information, emotional empathy scale and marital forgiveness scale were used. The experimental group received the acceptance and commitment treatment program (Hayes and Estrosahel, 2010) in thirteen two-hour sessions with one session every week, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and analysis of variance test with repeated measurements.

The results of the research showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment made significant changes in the variables of emotional empathy and forgiveness in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the designed program based on acceptance and commitment increases the emotional empathy and forgiveness of veterans' spouses. Therefore, the use of the mentioned treatment is strongly recommended by the consultants of the target community of this research.

Research has shown that maladaptive emotional schema (MES) leads to anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal damage, and mood disorders. Since, MES may be influenced by cultural differences, In the present research, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of emotional schemas in Iranian culture will be investigated.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the short-form emotional schema questionnaire in Iranian students.

The current research was of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study includes all students in Tehran City in 2021, out of which 306 students were selected based on Cochran's formula using convenience random sampling method, and the participants completed emotional schema-short form (Leahy, 2012) and Cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Cronbach's Alpha, content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and confirmatory factor analysis.

Cronbach’s Alpha was obtained above 69% for all scales. CVR and CVI were calculated above 80%, which suggests the acceptable content validity of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 8-factor structure of the emotional schema scale. This, it was shown that the model enjoys a suitable goodness of fit in the sample of Iranian students.

Considering the appropriate psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Emotional Schema Scale, it can be suggested to the specialists in the field of psychology and consultants to use this scale in research and diagnostic settings.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is one of the most complex disorders known in recent years, and the improvement of the symptoms of ADHD has been treated only by relying on medication. The lack of comprehensive and complete treatment with long-term effectiveness in this age is one of the weak points of the scientific field. But the question is, what are the problems of an adult with ADHD for which a suitable treatment can be found?

The present study aimed to derive an intervention model for treating adult problems with ADHD.

This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory approach. The study population was adults with ADHD, professionals, and all relevant scientific sources, who were selected based on purposive sampling. The primary data have been coded and then the codes were categorized and aggregated into more complete categories. Coding was done in three types including open, axial, and selective levels in the patient, expert, and resource directions.

Through the interviews with each participant, experts, and scientific texts, selection codes were obtained, respectively. Finally, by merging three categories of codes extracted from participants, experts, and scientific sources, the eight categories appeared as the main problem of adults with ADHD. Based on the identified problems, therapeutic strategies including cognitive rehabilitation, emotion regulation training, metacognition, motivational interviewing, correct social communication training, sleep/wake cycle regulation, and daily physical activity were eproposed intervention model.

A multidimensional approach should be adopted for effective treatment in the field of ADHD in adults. The intervention model extracted in this study can be considered an effective treatment by researchers in the field of therapy.

Today, sexual health and providing the context for its realization has become a discourse and a sustainable goal in development, which has been pushed to the center of attention of politicians, experts, and researchers due to the problems arising from the unfavorable global conditions in this field.

This research aimed to identify and stratify psychological, cultural, and social factors on sexual health based on the interpretive structural equation model.

This research was carried out in a descriptive survey, in the first part, the dimensions and components related to stable sexual health were calculated and in the second part, the evaluation and leveling of these components were done. In the content analysis section, the society and the research environment are all first-hand and second-hand sources, including books, articles, specialized sites, upstream documents, pamphlets, and publications, which were of interest to the researcher to study the factors of sexual health development. In the stratification section, the statistical population consisted of all experts in the field of studies related to sexual health education, sex education, education, and family psychology, and 16 people were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the content analysis section was the content analysis worksheets of the first and second sources in line with the research objectives and their classification. In the stratification section, in order to determine the cause and effect of the extracted factors and their stratification, a questionnaire was created by the researcher. Which was designed based on the ISM model, was used, and in order to analyze the data, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used to provide a model of sustainable sexual health development factors.

The results showed the recognition of sexual rights, respect for sexual rights, education of cultural and social values in this field, respect for cultural differences under the title of cultural and social factors; Teaching the expression of sexual tendencies in childhood, teaching issues related to the growth and needs of adolescents, raising awareness of sexual development in adolescence, strengthening sexual identity, building self-confidence, and teaching healthy reproductive issues under the heading of psychological factors were prioritized.

Achieving sexual health requires continuous education since childhood, which should be done sustainably, and it is necessary to achieve this kind of health education and empowerment of children in the psychological, cultural, and social fields

Hospital staff faces higher levels of stress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, those with an anxious attachment style, low empathy, and poor cognitive flexibility and emotional self-disclosure experience more difficulty during this period. It is hence necessary to focus on these factors among personnel of hospitals.

This study aimed to investigate an attention bias modification (ABM) intervention and its effects on anxious attachment style, empathy, cognitive flexibility, and emotional self-disclosure among personnel of army 505 Hospital.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest/follow-up design with test and control groups. The study population consisted of all nurses working in 505 Hospital from September2021 to June2021. 36 of whom were selected as participants through convenience sampling. The participants were asked to complete the Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR-S) (Bernnan et al., 1998), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1983), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) (Dennis and Vanderwall, 2010), and the Emotional Self-Disclosure Scale (ESDS) (Snell, 2001). Then the participants were randomly assigned to test and control groups (18 in each group). Participants in the test group attended five sessions of the ABM intervention (2 sessions per week) using the dot-probe task. The participants in both groups were asked to fill out the research questionnaires once again immediately after the end of the intervention and two months later. Data analyzed by mixed analysis of variance.

The results demonstrated that the ABM intervention significantly increased empathy, cognitive flexibility, and positive emotional self-disclosure (p<0.01) and significantly reduced anxious attachment style and negative emotional self-disclosure (p<0.01) in the test group. The same effects were observed in the follow-up stage.

ABM intervention has positive effects on hospital staff. Using this intervention is effective in controlling the style of anxious attachment and emotional self-disclosure, creating empathy and cognitive flexibility.

Disturbance relationships are among the main problems of people with traits of borderline personality disorder. An unpleasant parent-child relationship leads to a lack of stability sense, differentiation, and self-other disturbance. Although self-other disturbance has been considered one of the main criteria for borderline personality disorder for a long time, it has been neglected compared to its other aspects.

The present study aimed to identify the self-other pattern in women with borderline personality disorder.

The current research was basic research with a mixed approach using qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population included women with traits of borderline personality disorder, in addition to psychology and psychiatry specialists in Mashhad and Tehran in 2021. 15 women with traits of borderline personality disorder were selected from Ibn Sina Hospital in Mashhad by convenience sampling using Leichsenring's borderline personality questionnaire (1999). The data was collected in the qualitative part using Leichsenring's borderline personality questionnaire and semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part using a researcher-made questionnaire and then analyzed by content analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

The results indicated the model of self-other includes components such as “relation to parents”, “relation to the opposite sex” and “unsuccessful relationships”. Results of factor analysis also indicated “relation to parents” has the most contribution to the model.

Self-other disturbance in women with a borderline personality disorder is fundamental and a result of initial unstable relationships with parents. Therefore, the findings of the current study can be used in the treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Child abuse is a sexual deviation and a mental disorder that is widespread in Afghanistan. The used treatment methods only focus on one of the causes of this disorder, and the need for more integrated treatments is felt.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of the combined treatment package of child-desiring disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy on the sexual self-concept of Afghan men.

The current research design is included in the semi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test-follow-up with a control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population included all Afghan men with child-desiring disorder, 30 of whom were randomly selected into the integrated treatment group (10 people), the cognitive-behavioral therapy group (10 people), and the control group (10 people). 10 people were placed. The measurement tool in this research was Snell's (1995) multifaceted sexual self-concept questionnaire. The participants in the combined therapy group developed by the researcher (therapy based on acceptance and commitment, therapy based on mindfulness, and schema therapy), received the content of the treatment package for pedantic disorder individually during 20 sessions. Also, the participants in the cognitive-behavioral group received training in this treatment during 8 sessions and individually.

The results of the repeated measure analysis showed that both combined therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy were effective in increasing the positive sexual self-concept scores of the subjects, but the combined therapy of pedantic disorder was more effective (0.05 >P). In addition, only the combined treatment of pedantic disorder was effective in reducing the subjects' negative sexual self-concept scores (P<0.05).

The most important distinguishing feature of the integrated treatment of child-loving disorder compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy was that in the integrated treatment, at the same time as freeing thinking from the constraints of automatic negative habits and accepting these thoughts, the individual's strengths, abilities, and He focused on the real values of the person and examined and treated the root problems of communication and sexual skills. Therefore, the integrated treatment of pedophile disorder should be used to help change incompatible schemas and reduce the symptoms of criminals with pedophile disorder.

Transcranial direct electrical stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation stimulation technique with good tolerance and no side effects in the treatment and improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which effectively modulates cortical excitability. However, there is still no strong and sufficient evidence for the use of this treatment method in adolescents with obsessibe- compulsive disorder.

The present study was aimed at the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the Self-conscious Affections of Shame and Guilt and the disgust sensitivity of Adolescents with obsessibe- compulsive disorder.

In this research, the experimental method was used as a single case method with a continuous measurement design and different subjects. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to Yas Counseling Center in Tabriz in 1400, and 4 of them were selected by purposive sampling and based on the protocol of Green et al (2020) they underwent ten sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation twice in a week for 20 minutes each time. Subjects in the baseline stages, the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and one-month follow-up sessions with disgust sensitivity scale (Heidet, McCauley, and Rosin, 1994), guilt questionnaire (Kugler and Fons, 1992) and shame questionnaire (Cohen, Wolff, Penter and Insko, 2011) were evaluated. For data analysis, a visual drawing method, reliable change index, percentage of recovery, and percentage of non-overlapping data were used.

The results showed that transcranial direct electrical stimulation has a significant effect on reducing feelings of shame and guilt and disgust sensitivity in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (RCI≥1/96), and the therapeutic effects are maintained in the follow-up phase.

Adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were treated with transcranial direct electrical stimulation experienced less shame and guilt and less disgust sensitivity. It is recommended to use this method in the treatment of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Intrapersonal intelligence is one of the dimensions of Gardner's multiple intelligence, which includes awareness of one's emotions, strengths and weaknesses, self-perception, self-confidence and self-regulation ability, and helps people to judge their thoughts and feelings and to get the appropriate mental patterns to make decisions in life. A review of previous studies shows that intrapersonal intelligence has been less investigated and evaluated, and building a tool based on Iranian culture to identify this type of intelligence in children seems necessary.

This research was conducted with the aim of creating and validating an Intrapersonal intelligence test in 7-12-year-old children in Hamadan city.

The method of the current research was descriptive-survey and test validation type. The research population included parents of elementary school children in Hamedan. The research sample was 577 parents of elementary school students who were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made test and the Mackenzie Multiple Intelligence Test (1999). Data analysis was done with Pearson correlation methods, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha analysis using SPSS22 and LISREL v8.80 software.

The Results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made test consists of three factors: self-awareness, emotional awareness, and reflectiveness. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the three-factor structure of the researcher-made test. Content validity was obtained using the opinion of experts and 0.78. The correlation between the researcher-made test and the McKenzie intrapersonal intelligence test was 0.70, which was significant (p<0.01). The reliability of the whole test was 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha method 0.92 for self-awareness, 0.87 for emotional awareness, and, 0.90 for reflectiveness.

Thus, it can be said that the researcher-made test of intrapersonal intelligence in the sample of 7-12-year-old Iranian children has acceptable psychometric properties, and experts in the fields of psychology can use this tool in their research.

Hearing loss is one of the most common and complex sensory damages that, in addition to causing problems for the child, also creates challenges for the parents, especially the mother. Cognitive abilities are among the components that can help mothers of deaf children to deal with the crisis. Few studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of integrated treatments on the components of cognitive abilities of mothers with deaf children.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of integrated training of mindfulness and spiritual therapy on the components of cognitive abilities of mothers of hearing impaired children.

The research method was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with the control group. The research population included all parents of mothers mothers with deaf children in Kermanshah province (340 people) in 1399-1400, using the available targeted sampling method, 60 people were selected as a sample and randomly divided into two experimental groups. 30 people) and witnesses (30 people) were appointed. In order to collect data, Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (2013) was used in this research. Data analysis was also done using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and using SPSS25 software.

Data analysis showed that the integrated training of mindfulness and spiritual therapy was effective on the components of cognitive abilities of mothers with hearing impaired children. (P<0.05).

According to the findings, it is concluded that the training of the integration of mindfulness and spiritual therapy can help mothers with deaf children, so that while strengthening all their cognitive components, they face everyday life situations more easily and from themselves. and take care of the hearing impaired child against the challenges and stresses of life.

One of the most common types of cancer in the world is breast cancer in women, which has many negative effects on the physical and mental condition of women. Psychological interventions have been the focus of some studies due to the psychological nature of breast cancer. It seems that it is necessary to pay more attention to psychological interventions to reduce the psychological problems of women with breast cancer.

The purpose of this research was to compare of the effecacy of compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy on perceived stress and self-efficacy in women with breast cancer.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. 45 women with breast cancer in Gorgan during 2021-2022 were placed in three groups of compassion-based treatment, behavioral activation treatment and control group by simple random sampling method. Perceived stress (Cohen et al., 1983) and self-efficacy (Sherer et al., 1982) questionnaires were used to collect data, and the participants in the experimental groups underwent the interventions of compassion-based therapy (Gilbert, 2006) and behavioral activation therapy (Dimidchian et al. et al., 2006) were included in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Also, the data were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis with the help of Spss19 software.

The findings of the research showed that both compassion-based therapy and behavioral activation therapy were effective on the perceived stress and self-efficacy of women with breast cancer (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that behavioral activation therapy was more effective than compassion-based therapy, and this significant level was stable in the follow-up phase.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that interventions based on compassion and behavioral activation therapy were highly effective inimproving self-efficacy, and reducing perceived stress. Therefore, the results of this study can help therapists, psychologists and policymakers in the field of health and mental health.