مجله پژوهش های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، زمستان 1401)

Today, the renewable energy utilazation is considered as one of the most important ways to environment conservation and achieve sustainable development. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the design of Pattern for renewable energy utilization in rural areas of Zanjan province. The study population was consisting of rural households that were covered by new energy technology in Zanjan province that according to Krejcie and Morgan sample determination table, 210 of the households were selected as samples. A questionnaire was used in quantitative research. Reliability and validity of survey instrument was evaluated. Face and content validity of the questionnaire had been confirmed by panel of experts and key informant before the pre-test stage. The reliability of instrument was assessed by conducting a pilot study among 30 samples out of the original sample. The reliability of instrument for the all sections based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients value (in the range of 0.72 to 0.90) shows acceptable level of internal consistency. Data analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS22 software. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. The results based on direct structural model showed that there is a positive significant relationship between educational, socio-cultural, political and environmental factors with the dependent variable of renewable energy utilization and these variables explained 37% of variances of dependent variable. But there was no significant relationship between economic and technical factors with the renewable energy utilization.

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the factors influencing the behavior of chemical fertilizer consumption among corn farmers in Daroodfaraman district of Kermanshah city. For this purpose, a quantitative paradigm was used. The statistical population in this research included all the corn farmers of Duroodfaraman village of Kermanshah city who had cultivated corn last year (N=80). Using random sampling method and Karjesi and Morgan table, 80 of them were selected to conduct the research. The main tool of data collection in this research was a standard questionnaire whose validity was examined and verified using content and construct validity and its reliability using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS version 3 software were used for data analysis in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that the intention to use chemical fertilizer has a positive and significant effect at the level of 1% on the chemical fertilizer consumption behavior of the corn farmers of Darud Faraman district, and this variable is able to explain 22% of the variance of the chemical fertilizer consumption behavior of the studied farmers. Also, the results of the study showed that the variables of moral norms, attitude towards chemical fertilizer consumption and mental norms by explaining 73% of the changes in the variable of intention to use chemical fertilizer of the corn farmers of Darudfaraman district indirectly have a positive and significant effect on the behavior of chemical fertilizer consumption.

The Naseri period is the beginning of the arrival and development of new phenomena and techniques in Iran. The change of agricultural education and promotion in Iran started at the end of the Nasrid period. Falahat Mozafari magazine is the beginning of the promotion of new agriculture and scientific journaling in Iran. The publication of this magazine started in August 1900 and its publisher is the Central Department of Agriculture under the head and director general of Agriculture(Fakhim Al-Sultaneh). This publication has chosen the promotional approach of using new agricultural methods instead of traditional agricultural methods in its 18 issues, which is reflected in its articles. For the first time, advertisements for the sale of new agricultural machinery can be seen in this magazineThe Naseri period is the beginning of the arrival and development of new phenomena and techniques in Iran. The change of agricultural education and promotion in Iran started at the end of the Nasrid period. Falahat Mozafari magazine is the beginning of the promotion of new agriculture and scientific journaling in Iran. The publication of this magazine started in August 1900 and its publisher is the Central Department of Agriculture under the head and director general of Agriculture(Fakhim Al-Sultaneh). This publication has chosen the promotional approach of using new agricultural methods instead of traditional agricultural methods in its 18 issues, which is reflected in its articles. For the first time, advertisements for the sale of new agricultural machinery can be seen in this magazine

In this study, the market power in the marketing chain and the marketing margin of apple products in the Iran have been investigated. The share of the farm in the price paid by the consumer is often considered as an indicator of the relative health of the agricultural sector, which is called the marketing margin. One of the reasons for the large marketing margin is the presence of market power in the supply chain of agricultural products, so according to The importance of apple product for the agricultural sector of the country, as apple has the first rank of production in the country, in this study, using the time series data of the years 1394-1399, which was extracted from the statistics center and ministries of agricultural jihad, it has been tried to Measuring market power and marketing margin using Lerner index and mark-up model, The results of the study show that during the period under review, about 56% of the total price paid by consumers for each kilogram of apples was obtained by wholesalers and retailers, and in the supply chain of apple products, these retailers have more market power. And the results show that the presence of market power in the apple product supply chain has caused the price paid by the consumer to be about 2.4 times the price received by the producer.

Agricultural transformation and supplementary industries are one of the most important rural industries. The purpose of this research was to identify technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the conversion and complementary industries in Kermanshah province. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. A questionnaire used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of faculty member and related experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.71-0.94). Managers of agricultural transformation and supplementary industries units in Kermanshah province formed the population of this study (N=69) and 46 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the most important technical solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the agricultural conversion and supplementary industries of Kermanshah province was summarized in six factors including continuous updating of equipment, strengthening the use of equipment to reduce energy loss, automation of ventilation machines, technical management of systems, replacement of fuel with gas and periodical service of equipment. These factors explained 76.14 percent of the total variance of technical solutions. Management solutions to improve fuel efficiency were also summarized in four factors: investment in optimization and renovation, education and information, targeted government interventions with an optimization approach and reforming energy price policies, which explained 75.52% of the total variance of management solutions.

Climate change has led to significant reductions in agricultural productivity in both developing and developed countries. Farmers' accurate understanding of climate change leads to effective activities to protect their lives from the damage caused by climate change. In this regard, this study aimed at factors influencing of rice farmers' perceptions for adaptation to climate change in Sari County in 2021. The statistical population of study includes rice farmers of Sari County in Mazandaran Province (N=24502). According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table, 271 rice farmers were selected as a statistical sample. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinions. Also, based on the Average Variance Extracted (0.519>AVE< 0.549) and Composite Reliability (0.858>CR<0.921), the questionnaire had a convergent validity and appropriate reliability. SPSS16 and Smart PLS2 software were used to analyze the data. The results of structural equation modeling showed that access to information sources, rice farmers' motivations, social characteristics and rice farming income had a positive and significant impact and distance from rice field to residence and age had a negative and significant impact on rice farmers' perceptions for adaptation to climate change and 76.2% of the variability of rice farmers' perceptions for adaptation to climate change are explained by these six variables.