مجله دانشکده دندانپزشکی مشهد
سال چهل و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 125، تابستان 1402)

The mouth, jaw, and face are prone to oral and maxillofacial tumors, constituting a significant proportion of pathological lesions in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of oral and maxillofacial tumors in the samples referred to the Pathology Department of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 110 patients referred to Qazvin Dental Clinic with pathological diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors. After reviewing the medical files, information on tumor type, anatomical location, tissue origin, age range, gender, smoking and drug use, alcohol consumption, family history, and pathological diagnosis were extracted. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 25).

According to the findings of the study, 58.18% of women and 41.81% of men developed tumors of the mouth, jaw, and face. These pathological lesions were in the age range of 9-90 years (mean age of 41.04±20.29 years). They made up 42.72% of benign tumors and 57.27% of malignant ones. Among these, 84 cases were odontogenic tumors, and 26 cases were non-odontogenic tumors.

As evidenced by the obtained results, oral squamous cell carcinoma was the most common among Oral and Maxillofacial tumors. This finding is consistent with the results of many epidemiological studies in the field of tumors of the mouth, jaw, and face.

The present study aimed to design a questionnaire entitled "The Impact of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances on the Daily Life of the Patients", followed by the assessment of its reliability and validity.

A questionnaire entitled “The Impact of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances on the Daily Life of the Patients” was developed in eight domains. The questionnaire was distributed among 10 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and was modified based on their views for the evaluation of face validity. Subsequently, it was redistributed among 30 patients within a 10-day interval to assess test-retest reliability. Finally, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and the questionnaire developed in the present study were completed by 300 patients whose orthodontic appliances were in place for at least six months. They were treated in the Department of Orthodontics in the School of Dentistry at Babol University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through Pearson coefficient and independent sample t-test.

The test-retest reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and obtained at 0.817. According to the results of the intra-class correlation coefficient, the responses of 10 people to the questionnaire were consistent before and after a 10-day interval, and the agreement between responses to the two questionnaires was determined at 64%. The respondents were most and least dissatisfied with functional limitation (3.37 of 5) and ​​physical impact (1.59 out of 5), respectively.

The questionnaire designed in this study had acceptable validity and reliability. This questionnaire assessed the impact of the fixed orthodontic appliances on eight domains of aesthetics and social impact, functional limitations, nutrition, oral hygiene, maintenance effect, physical impact, time constraints, and travel cost.

Dental anxiety is one of the complications of dental treatments in children and it is affected by many factors such as gender, age, and temperament. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between children's temperament and dental anxiety in children aged 6 to 11 years referred to Yazd Dental School.

This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study in which 152 children aged 6 to 11 years were studied who referred to the pediatric dentistry department of the Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd, Iran in 2021. The data were collected using EAS (Emotion, Activity, sociability) temperament questionnaire and also MCDAS (Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale) anxiety questionnaire. Finally, the relationship between the score of temperament dimensions and that of pediatric dental anxiety was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient test using SPSS software. The significance level was considered at 0.05.

A significant correlation was observed between dental anxiety score and emotional score (P-value=0. 012, r=0. 203). This relationship was also significant and positive between dental anxiety and shyness score (P-value=0. 004, r=0. 232). Dental anxiety and dimensions like physical activity and sociability were negatively and significantly related (P-value=0. 031, r=-0. 175 and P-value=0. 048, r=-0. 161, respectively. A regression model was used to estimate the anxiety score using the scores of different mood dimensions. The result is R2=0. 1 which means 10% of the changes in the dependent variable is explained by the regression model. In this model, only the temperament dimension of emotion is effective in the anxiety score.

According to the results of this study, decreasing the score in emotional and shyness dimensions and increasing the score in physical activity and sociability can reduce the dental anxiety of children during dental treatment. The regression model confirmed the effect of the emotional dimensions in increasing the anxiety score which can be achieved by psychologists and creating appropriate conditions and behaviors.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the importance of early diagnosis and advances in medicine, one-third of Myocardial Infarction (MI) cases remain undiagnosed. Biomarkers are a reflection of the physiologic function and pathologic changes in the body. Saliva is a refined plasma that can replace blood to facilitate and accelerate the diagnosis process given the benefits of its collection and storage. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum and saliva hs-CRP and Irisin concentration in MI patients.

In this case-control study, 46 cases were selected including 24 acute MI and 22 controls. The serum and saliva samples were collected and the amount of Irisin and hs-CRP was measured in each sample in the specialized biochemistry laboratory of Mashhad Medical School. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) by Pearson correlation coefficient test (P<0.05).

The concentration of Saliva Irisin was significantly lower in the patient group than that in the control group (P=0.021). The levels of serum and salivary hs-CRP were significantly higher in the patient group than those in the control group (for both P<0.001). The concentration of marker in saliva significantly increased as the concentration of marker increased in serum (P<0.001).

Measurement and reduction of salivary Irisin concentrations can be a reliable criterion for diagnosing and predicting MI. The concentration of hs-CRP in saliva and serum is directly related to MI.

Digital radiography seems necessary for overcoming educational problems and archiving radiographs taken from patients; nonetheless, the views of students and professors about this issue have been less studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of professors and students with the use of conventional and digital radiography in the Endodontics Department of Mashhad Dental School.

This study was conducted on the professors of the Department of Root Therapy and 155 Dental Students in Mashhad. The research tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires. The first questionnaire was about the quality of the root therapy that was completed by the professors. The second questionnaire was about students' satisfaction with the use of digital and conventional radiography in the endodontics section. The information was recorded, and the data were then compared using Chi-square and Fisher tests.

The findings of this study demonstrated that from professors' point of view, digital imaging in dentistry had better quality, shorter time, and less error, and professors' satisfaction was significantly higher. Moreover, students had a more positive opinion of digital imaging in terms of quality, less time, less error, and less student congestion. Finally, students were more satisfied with digital imaging (P=0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be concluded that digital radiography improved the education and satisfaction of both groups of students and professors.

Few studies were conducted on the effectiveness of clear aligners. The present study aimed to compare the quality of life related to oral health, patient satisfaction, and the level of anxiety caused by treatment in patients treated with fixed orthodontics and clear aligners.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment six months from the start of their treatment and 100 patients undergoing treatment with clear aligners six months from the start of their treatment. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to compare the effect of these two treatments on the quality of life related to the oral health of these patients. Additionally, Patient Satisfaction (PSQ-18) questionnaire was used to check patients’ satisfaction and State Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess patients’ anxiety status.

The patients included 78 (38. 8%) males and 122 (61.2%) females. The average quality of life related to oral health was 53.26 with a range of 19 to 69, the average patient satisfaction was 42. 46, with a range of 14 to 50, and the mean and standard deviation of anxiety caused by treatment was 72. 26 ± 13. 93 with a range of 37 to 99. The average anxiety caused by the treatment in the transparent aligners group was significantly higher than the fixed orthodontic group (P<0.001). The average quality of life related to oral health in the transparent aligners group questionnaire was significantly lower than the fixed orthodontic group (P<0.001).

The findings of this study showed that the level of anxiety of clear aligners recipients is higher, and their quality of life is lower.

Chamomile and saffron seems to significantly decrease the level of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and reduce the likelihood of caries. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of chamomile and saffron infusion consumption on the pH of saliva.

In this clinical trial study, samples were collected for salivary pH from 30 healthy male dental students over 20 to 30 years. In this method, each volunteer was asked to trickle unstimulated saliva into the test tubes through their lower lip within 3 min and every 60 s (in a seated position) before consuming chamomile or saffron (10-12 AM) infusion. After 30 min the samples were recollected 1, 5, and 10 min after ingestion of 150 ml chamomile or saffron without any sweetener in separate tubes (for each volunteer, test tubes were numbered 1 to 4) and it was transferred to the laboratory to evaluate salivary pH. The amount of salivary pH was measured by a digital pH meter in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 21) by T-test, ANOVA, and repeated measurements.

The mean salivary pH was significantly different before chamomile consumption (7.26±0.55) and after that (7.71±0.33) (P=0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the mean salivary pH before saffron consumption (7.54±0.33) and after that (7.87±0.16) (P=0.0001). The mean salivary pH was significantly higher after saffron consumption than that after chamomile consumption (P=0.02).

Chamomile and saffron consumption significantly increase the salivary pH and saffron has a greater effect on the salivary pH than chamomile.

The present study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of the resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) to primary dentin using different dentin conditioners.

The dentin surfaces of 80 primary molars were conditioned using four different methods etching with 37% phosphoric acid, 10% polyacrylic acid, 5% NaOCl, and no surface treatment. Dentin surfaces were restored with RMGI Fuji Π LC cylinders. After 24 h, the shear bond strength tests were performed using Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tamhane Post hoc Test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Phosphoric acid produced the highest shear bond strengths, compared to all tested groups, which showed statistically significant differences with groups 3 and 4 (P=0.043, P<0.001). Subsequently, Polyacrylic acid showed a significantly higher SBS than group 4 (P=0.046). Conditioning with NaOCl significantly increased the bonding strength of RMGI compared to the untreated group (P=0.001). Untreated dentin had the lowest SBS compared to other tested groups.

The conditioning step effectively improved the SBS of RMGI to primary dentin. Dentin conditioning with 37% Phosphoric acid for 5 sec showed the highest shear bond strength of RMGI.

Oral cavity as a mirror of health could reflect the health of the entire body. Early diagnosis and treatment of lesions can play an effective role in their prognosis.Comparing the frequency of oral and maxillofacial lesions in different regions is highly valuable in health policy making. Therefore, the present study was conducted to prepare the profile (Full details of records) of oral and maxillofacial lesions in patients referred to Yazd Dental School, Iran, from 2010 to 2021.

In this cross-sectional study, 15,779 patients’ records of oral and maxillofacial legions in the Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Departments of Yazd were examined. Demographic data composed of age and gender, and clinical information such as type of lesion, location, and side of the lesion were gathered over a period of 12 years, from 19 February to 16 March. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25) and the Chi-square test.

The overall frequency of profiles of oral and maxillofacial lesions among all oral and dental problems referred to the Dental School in the time frame investigated in this survey was 35%. The mean age of the patients was 34.8±13.8, and the lesions were more frequent among 20-39.9 years old age group. Moreover, lesions were more common in females. The most frequent type of lesions was epithelial lesions, followed by developmental defects, and soft tissue tumors and reactive lesions. Facial skin, tongue, and buccal mucosa were the most common sites.

The findings of this research could be beneficial for educational purposes and in planning for the prevention and treatment of these lesions.

Monitoring of vital signs in endodontic emergency patients is of significant importance. Stress as a primary concern in root canal therapy should be controlled during the treatment procedures. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of patient-clinician relationship protocol on controlling patients’ vital signs.

This interventional study investigated 70 endodontic emergency patients with an age range of 18-60 years in 2019. The patients were divided into two groups of 35. The treatment procedure in the experimental group was accomplished with an intervention of patient-clinician relationship protocol. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and heart rate of patients in five stages before local anesthesia, at the time of local anesthesia, during tooth drilling, after treatment, and one week after the termination of the treatment were measured as a baseline. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) through the Chi-square and independent statistical t-test. The significant level was set at 0.05.

Based on the results, patients’ age, gender, history of root canal therapy, pulpal and periapical disease, as well as the type of local anesthesia, were not regarded as interfering factors in changing the vital signs among patients. In contrast, pain intensity interfered with changes in vital signs among patients. Patient-clinician relationship protocol significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure at the time of local anesthesia, during tooth drilling, and after treatment. Moreover, patient-clinician relationship protocol also significantly reduced diastolic pressure at the time of local anesthesia, during tooth drilling, and after treatment. Considering heart rate, the patient-clinician relationship protocol significantly reduced heart rate only during tooth drilling.

Considering the results of the present study, the application of patient-clinician relationship protocol significantly affects the control of vital signs in emergency endodontic patients.

This study aimed to assess the opinions of specialists in endodontic treatment at Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad, Iran, in connection with teaching apical surgery in the endodontic pre-clinic and clinic of Mashhad Dental School.

This study was descriptive and cross-sectional and the statistical population included all residents and faculty members of the School of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and a number of privet specialists. Inclusion criteria for this study were the last year's residency or membership in the faculty of endodontics or a graduate of this course. The exclusion criterion was a failure to complete the questionnaire or lack of consent to publish its results. The questionnaire was designed electronically and was informed by channels and groups on social networks, as well as SMS and email. The groups studied in this study included entries before 2011, entries from 2011 to 2016, and entries from 2016 onwards.

In this study, 61 patients (31 females, 30 males) with an average age of 41.48±11.42 years participated. Twenty (32.8%) individuals stated that they had received the necessary training in apical surgery during the residency period, and 6 (9.8%) subjects claimed that they had received the necessary preparation for apical surgery in the pre-clinic. According to 23% of the subjects, training in periapical surgery in the pre-clinic was good, but not enough. There was a significant difference between the graduates before and after 2011 in obtaining the necessary training and preparation for apical surgery. Moreover, the graduates of 2016 and 2021 had higher self-confidence.

Apical surgery training in the pre-clinic of the School of Dentistry significantly prepared the graduates of 2016-2021.

Lipoma is the most common benign soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin that may occur anywhere in the human body. This tumor is composed of mature adipose tissue without cellular atypia and is often surrounded by a fibrotic connective tissue capsule. The common locations of this tumor are the buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, gums, and floor of the mouth, in order of abundance. This study deals with a case report of angiolipoma in the anterior labial vestibule of the mandible in a 34-year-old female patient.

Case Report:

 A 34-year-old female patient referred with a complaint of presence of a protrusion in the vestibule in front of the mandible. It was found that there is an exophytic mass, non-sessile, with healthy mucosa on the lesion, with a relatively firm consistency, and a size of 4.5×3.5×1.5 cm in the chin area and labial vestibule of the mandible in the anterior area. After cutting the lesion and exposing it, a red color mixed with yellow color, which was fat tissue, was observed. In the microscopic description, it was stated that a mature fat mass mixed with thick vessels was observed. In some areas of these vessels, there was a thrombus and mixed muscle tissue.

Lipoma treatment is only sufficient through a surgical method, and cutting the lesion and its histopathological characteristics have no effect on the prognosis of the lesion due to the absence of pain; therefore, its existence is usually remains hidden from the patient.