نشریه جستارهای سیاسی معاصر
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 45، پاییز 1401)

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the loss of one of its greatest allies in the Middle East, the United States has resorted to a variety of tools and methods to contain the Islamic Republic. Efforts to secure the identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to counter the influence of the revolution and ensure the security of Israel has been one of the most important approaches of the United States. This study seeks to answer the question of who the target audience of US security is and to what extent they have accepted the threat of Iran. The United States, through the security process of persuading American public opinion against Iran, building consensus in the international community, targeted an audience that could achieve the process of taking emergency measures beyond normalcy or taking action against Iran. The purpose of securitizing Iran was to show the country a threat to international peace and stability and the need for emergency action against it. The process also takes place through persuasion and consensus of the audience. This article uses the research method of content analysis and the theoretical framework of the Copenhagen School to analyze the types of audiences in the process of securing Iran by the United States after the Islamic Revolution

Winter of 2011 marked the beginning of a series of developments in the Arab countries of North Africa and the Middle East, including Egypt, which led to the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak's regime, the victory of the Islamists, and at the head of them Ekhvanolmoslemin movement. Once again, this victory once again made the political, cultural and social contexts of this Islamic world radical movement the center of contemporary analysis and thought. Considering the geopolitical position of Egypt in the Arab and Islamic world and the importance that this country and its evolution has in the Middle East's political and security order, it seems necessary to consider the internal evolutions, opportunities, and challenges. In addition to analyzing and examining the political and historical conditions of contemporary Egypt, the present study addresses this fundamental question: "Which Factors do affect overthrow of Hosni Mubarak's Regime and the emergence of Ekhvanolmoslemin movement in Egyptian Politics?" It seems that:"The inefficiency of government, the prevention of power distribution, the political repression, and the widespread corruption are characteristic of the political structure of Mubarak's era, which along with profound social anomalies and internationally influential variables provided Egypt with crisis."The results of the research and evolution investigations show that the overthrow of Mubarak was the consequence of some crises at the micro and the macro level, in which a set of variables including the type of power, culture, economy, society and the international system influenced domestic politics and provided the basis for the overthrow of Mubarak's Regime. Moreover, the present study describes and explains the factors influencing the overthrow and Ekhvanolmoslemin congregation governance on the basis of library resources and internet.

The present research aims at investigating the significant relationship between totalitarian systems and moral concepts including Sympathy as a form of social responsibilities and a manifestation of personal ethics amongst the members of the society with an emphasis on Arendt's views, the well-known German-American philosopher and historiographer. She believes that Nazism and Stalinism are two instances of such ruling systems in the 20th century relying on a set of specific theoretical foundations featuring some unique characteristics that completely distinguish them from other totalitarian, democratic, etc. systems in terms of practicing politics and addressing moral concepts.How does personal ethics decline in a society in totalitarian systems? Which methods are used to undermine social responsibility amongst people? Arendt observes that to achieve these goals, such political systems at first convert the society into a mass society through the special tools they own such as extensive promotion of their ideas, intimidation, and spread of some particular ideologies. In fact, they are similar to the people marooned in the wilderness. Finally, the people enslaved by the totalitarian ruling systems find some ethical concepts such as Sympathy completely meaningless.

The Iran-China Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement can be considered an important development in Iran's strategic position and its relations with the great powers. From the author's point of view, systemic change is the key force shaping this agreement; In other words, the question is, what factors have shaped the strategic partnership between Iran and China? The hypothesis presented in response to this question is that the three components of redistribution of international power, change in the hierarchy of prestige and change in international rules of biology as key components of systemic change provide the structural basis for promoting Iran-China relations to strategic partnership. The findings of the article show that structural forces have played a key role in increasingly overlapping the interests and values ​​of the two countries' foreign policies and expanding their relations in the form of comprehensive strategic partnership.

Throughout history, the rise and fall of great powers has always been one of the most important and fundamental issues in the international system. With the beginning of the 21st century, observers and analysts have argued that the transition period in the international system has begun, and although the new era does not have a clear formulation, what is clear is that America's hegemonic position has weakened. So the question is, what is the reason for the decline of American hegemony based on Robert Cox's theory? In answer to this question, it is hypothesized that the decline of American hegemony has been due more to the inappropriate behavior of the United States in recent decades than to the balance of power of the world powers that It has focused more on hegemonic political behavior than on trying to create satisfaction based on Robert Cox's theory of hegemony. Research findings using descriptive-explanatory research method show; American political behavior is different from Robert Cox's view of hegemony and domination has played a greater role in American performance than consent and this has affected the decline of that country's hegemony.

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) has been one of the most important political and legal treaties in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran and one of the most influential treaties on the international relations of Iran. Overall, reflections on this agreement in Iran fit into two main competing political discourses of Reformism and Principlism, and it was represented in two different forms. Throughout this research, we have analyzed and discussed two media discourses of Reformism and Principlism, using Discourse theory which has its roots in the theories of Foucault, Laclau and Mouffe. Moreover, the used method in this research is Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis which includes three stages of Description, Interpretation and Explanation. Also, the resource of research data has been JCPOA concerned news headings of the newspapers belonging to the Principlist and the Reformist factions. For this purpose, the news headings that have been of cognitive value, regarding the subject of the research, have been chosen purposefully and have been analyzed. According to the results of the analysis of findings, the Reformist and the Principlist discourses using techniques such as Antagonism and Integration have had different and opposing evaluations of JCPOA. The Principlist discourse considers JCPOA as a danger for “National Security” and holds the Reformist discourse responsible for JCPOA’s negative consequences. On the opposite side, the Reformist discourse considers JCPOA as a step forward towards “Peace” and “Opening up the economy” and attributes JCPOA’s positive achievements to itself.

Various theories have been proposed to analyze behaviors in the international arena. Some theories, such as mainstream theories, are influenced by the linear approach of classical science, considering the international system as mechanical, closed, and far from interaction. Others, such as complex systems theory, considered the concept of nonlinear relationships and interaction used in the analysis of biological systems to explain the behavior of the international system and tried to explain human behavior as a biological system. Interaction is the main concept in explaining the behavior of natural and living systems that causes chaotic behaviors. Because the concept of interaction in human systems, as the highest example of biological systems due to the power of thinking, is a different concept. The purpose of this article is to introduce the interaction in the international system with features; Flow-creation and interpretation of information, purposefulness, sensitivity to the initial condition and impact and effectiveness. Studies show that due to the differences between human interaction and the interaction of other living organisms, Chaotic behaviors in the international system have characteristics; Simplicity in complexity, certainty in uncertainty, and order in disorder.