مجله علوم حرکتی و رفتاری
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 16، بهار 1401)

Introduction & The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise imagery on the perceived exertion and energy consumption. The current study was a quasi-experimental with four experimental groups as well as one control group. The statistical population was included by all students of University of Tehran. Data were collected in accessible form from 50 students. The participants were divided into imagery groups (associative enjoyment imagery, associative energetic imagery, dissociative enjoyment imagery and dissociative energetic imagery) and a control group. Instruments used in this study included demographic questionnaire, the Borg scale of perceived exertion, imagery texts, Treadmill, and heart rate monitors (polar). Data were analyzed using repeated measure of analysis of variance and subsequently by Bonferoni post hoc test. The results showed that the effect of exercise imagery on pressure perception was significant. All the imagery groups were less aware of the perceived exertion than the control group. But the Bonferonri test showed that there was no significant difference between the imagery groups. In addition, it was found that imaging does not have a significant effect on the energy consumption of individuals. In general, the findings emphasize the role of exercise imagery during exercise as a factor in reducing fatigue and enjoying more of physical activity. Therefore, exercise imagery during exercise has an effective role in reducing fatigue and enjoying physical activity as much as possible.

The purpose of this study was the comparison and relationship the emotional intelligence and psychological well-being between the active and inactive elderly of Shahid. The method of research in this research is descriptive and survey type which has been used to collect data in the field. The statistical sample consisted of 210 male who were selected from the Military personnel in Shiraz by Morgan Table. The instrument used in this study was Shut’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1998) and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1994). The statistical tests used in this study were multivariate analysis of variance for comparison between Athlete and non-athlete and Pearson correlation and regression to investigate the relationship and prediction of research variables. The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between Athlete and non-athlete in emotional intelligence and psychological well-being and their components. The Athletes were better in emotional intelligence and psychological well-being, and their components were better than non-athlete. The results also showed a significant relationship between some dimensions of well-being with emotional intelligence among Athlete and non-athlete and also psychological well-being was a good predictor of emotional intelligence and its components in Athlete and non-athlete. Therefore, according to the results, it is suggested that non-athlete employees be encouraged to exercise in order to improve their psychological characteristics.

During past decades, recognizing factors affecting the creativity of sports organizations has been the focus of many researchers. The existence of numerous researches in this field emphasizes the necessity of conducting a meta-analytic or combined research in this field. Therefore, the present study was conducted by meta-analysis with the aim of combining research on the impact of effective factors on the creativity of sports organizations. The method of the present study is meta-analysis and its statistical population is all existing studies in the field of creativity of employees of sports organizations, which has been purposefully selected by considering the inclusion and exit criteria of 25 studies. In the present study, a designed checklist was used to collect information from the initial research. In order to analyze the preliminary studies, the effect size was used separately for each study. The effect size was combined with two models of fixed and random effects, funnel diagram, sensitivity analysis, homogeneity test, square I and NF-S statistics. Also, the type of effect size index used was r index, which was done with the help of CMA software version 2. The results related to the combined effect size were obtained for the random effects model (0.461). The results also showed that organizational culture, knowledge management and leadership have the greatest impact on the creativity of sports organizations, respectively. The findings of this meta-analysis have sufficient theoretical and experimental support and justify the need to study and use these factors in promoting the creativity of sports organizations.

Introduction & One of the main goals of sport psychology is to identify those psychological factors that are relevant for sport performance as well as possibilities of their development. The aim of the study was to determine whether the set of specific motivational characteristics [sport orientation, sport motivation and locus of control] makes the distinction between elite or non-elite teakwando athletes. In this cross-sectional study, 70 elite taekwondo athletes (involved in Asian level or above; Mage and SD: 22.70 ± 6.35) and 70 non-elite taekwondo athletes (involved in the primary league level; Mage and SD = 20.57 ± 3.36) frome Iranian were surveyed and completed scales of sport orientation (Gill and Dieter, 1998), sport motivation (Mallet et al., 2007) and locus of control (Levenson, 1972). According to the results it can be said that elite athletes are characterized by a positive high score inachievement motivation, internal locus of control, internal and external motivation (partial eta square = 0.25). There was no significant difference in external locus of control and amotivation between groups. The results have been discussed in the context of their application in the process of talent selection and development in sport as well as the development of life skills in athletes.

The aim of the present research was to provide a model of factors influencing the recruitment of players in football schools in Razavi Khorasan province.This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method.The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part included prominent coaches and basic coaches in Razavi Khorasan province, experienced football players, managers of football clubs and schools,presidents and vice-presidents and employees with experience in the province's football team and the families of football players, and in the quantitative part included The customers of football schools included football students and families.The sampling method was purposeful in the qualitative part and a total of9interviews were conducted and in the quantitative part the sampling method was available.A total of190questionnaires were returned correctly.The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was using the approach of content analysis and repetition of factors, and in the quantitative part, using SPSS software version22and statistical tests of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.Smart PLS version2software was also used for modeling.According to the findings of the research49items were identified as factors influencing the recruitment of players by football schools, of which27items were identified as promoters and22factors as inhibitors.The driving factors identified included internal, educational, environmental, attracting, family-related, and flexibility factors, and the inhibiting factors included secondary and motivational services, influence and power, related to coaches,teamwork,and side issues).Also, the results of the research model showed that the conceptual model has a good fit and all paths are meaningful and positive

The spread of the corona virus has affected various sports in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coronavirus outbreak on sporting events and competitions.

The present study is an applied research in terms of nature and from the aspect of data analysis method is descriptive-exploratory that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population included an unlimited number of all sports directors, sports teachers and professors, sports coaches, sports producers, sports service providers, sports referees, athletes, sports equipment sellers and sports media activists in Iran, and 600 samples answered a questionnaire of 20 research questions. In order to evaluate the reliability of internal consistency and its stability, Cronbach's alpha index was used in a preliminary study that the alpha value for the whole questionnaire was 0.972. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS and AMOS software.

findings exploratory factor analysis showed that, the sporting events and competitions was affected by COVID-19.

According to the findings, it can be said that the country's sports officials can hold sports competitions by compiling health protocols and instructions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in the development of sports tourism in Tehran. The method of the present study was descriptive survey that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study was experts in sports, tourism and sports media. The sampling method of the present study was available and 250 questionnaires were analyzed. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 12 experts in sports management, tourism and media and its reliability was 0.86. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test and Friedman rank test using SPSS software version 26. The results showed that social networks, by creating demand for sports services and goods and creating attractiveness for communities, provide the necessary ground for development in the development of sports tourism; Therefore, the use of social networks can play a positive role in the mental image of tourists in Tehran.