فصلنامه نوید نو
پیاپی 84 (زمستان 1401)

Considering the difference in the nature of the educational programs of medical doctor (MD) courses and Ph.D. in basic medical sciences and the many questions raised in this regard, in relation to the previous article published in this journal, the purpose of this study was updating the evidence, the benefit of the plan for the country and also the cost effectiveness of the implementation of this proposed program.

Based on our search, the related articles in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and also Google Scholar search engine between 1960 and 2022 using the keywords “Ph.D.” and “MD” or “Ph.D. to MD” and in combination with the “Curriculum” or “Program” or “Course” and also the websites of the universities that hold this course were searched.

The results showed that the benefits of this plan for the country include strengthening the relationship between basic and clinical sciences and increasing the quality of the medical science education. On the other hand, due to the low number of Medical Doctors in Iran, this plan will help to compensate for this shortage in the short term, and additionally, it will prevent the migration of elites of basic medical sciences in the country.

Considering our country's current medical education conditions, it seems necessary to start a Ph.D. to MD course in the form of a 4-year course.

patients hospitalized in ICU experience considerably discomfort due to special condition of ICU and particular situation of their illness but these patients cannot express their discomfort. Therefore, this study was conducted aimed to determine the rate of discomfort and its related factors in patients hospitalized in ICU.

this descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted on 220 hospitalized patients in state hospitals of Mashhad from September 2012 to September 2013 through accessible sampling. Perceived discomfort, the most important experienced discomfort and its rate during hospitalization were measured before discharge of ICU by an open-ended question and a researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS: 11.5.

minimum score of discomfort was 61 and maximum score was 210. The mean of discomfort was 86.54± 17.5. Therefore around 100% of participants experienced some extent of discomfort in ICU. More than 50% of patients reported the frequent blood sampling, feeling of thirst, feeling of loneliness, Pain, limited visiting, insomnia, hospitalization expenses, anxiety and fatigue as sources for their discomforts.

As to the finding, discomfort incidence in hospitalized patient in ICU is high. As the sources of discomfort such as frequent blood sampling, feeling of thirst, feeling of loneliness, pain, limited visiting etc could be modified, it is recommended to use effective strategies in order to decrease and modify these factors by managers, administrators especially nurses of ICU.Key words: Patient, intensive care, Discomfort factors

Pregnancy and childbirth are sensitive and stressful stages in women's lives, therefore, in this dangerous and stressful time, women need more and better-quality care and support. The present study aims to explain factors affecting the desire to choose physiological delivery from the perspective of women with a history of physiological delivery.

This research is a qualitative study in which 11 women with a history of physiological childbirth, 8 midwives working in the maternity hospital and a gynecologist were selected based on the goal and with maximum diversity. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview, organized in word format, and analyzed with conventional content analysis method.

Regarding the explanation of the women’s perspective about the factors affecting physiological childbirth, three general themes of social facilitators, individual facilitators and empowerment of service providers were extracted, and family support and community support, spiritual support for empowering women, reforming the curriculum of midwifery education and retraining personnel in the field of professional ethics were placed in subthemes.

If women supported physically, emotionally and socially by family and society and sympathetic caregivers, their ability and self-confidence are maximized, they can record a positive experience of physiological childbirth.

this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between coronary pandemic and mental health of primary school children in the two cities of Karaj.

The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population of the present study was all primary school students in the second district of Karaj who were studying in the second semester of 1401-1400. The sample of the present study consisted of 377 students who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and given a questionnaire; Coronavirus epidemic and the standard questionnaire for assessing the mental health of children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years. Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results of the present study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between coronavirus epidemic and all components of mental health to academic mental health (P <0.05). Which shows that the higher the coronavirus epidemic in students, the higher their mental health. Coronavirus epidemic has the strongest relationship between mental health components with family mental health (parents) (0.30) and the weakest relationship with academic mental health (educational) (0.06(.

In these studies, it was found that the higher the epidemic of coronavirus in students, the higher their mental health.

Childbearing motives are the primary driver of fertility behavior and an important part of fertility decision making. the aim of determining the motivation to have children of students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 200 eligible male and female students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tools in this study were personal information questionnaire, Miller's Fertility Preferences Questionnaire (1995) and Miller's Fertility Motivations Questionnaire (1995). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) in two descriptive and analytical formats at a significance level of less than 5%.

A significant relationship was observed between the desired number of female children with the joy of pregnancy, birth and childhood, feeling of need and survival, stress of parents, fear of becoming a parent (p<0.01). The desired number of children had an inverse and significant relationship with the traditional view and care challenges, but it had a direct and significant relationship with the feeling of need and survival. The desired time of marriage until the birth of the first child (month) had a significant and inverse relationship with the negative motives of pregnancy (p<0.01).

With the increase of positive fertility motives in people, the desire to have children and the desired number of children increases and the desired distance between marriage and the birth of the first child decreases

Background and

Vision disorders are one of the most important health problems that cause a huge financial burden and loss of productivity. Examining educational interventions in terms of content, educational methods, and its impact seems necessary in order to find information gaps in this field.

This study was looking for an answer to the question that by focusing on the levels of prevention in the field of vision care, what methods were patient education intervention studies based on? Using search terms related to PICO such as eye disease, patient education, PubMed, Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar, irandoc, medlib, Magiran, SID databases were used for searching. The inclusion criteria were clinical trial studies in the field of vision care with any type of educational intervention from 2004 to 2021.

This review study was organized using the PRISMA statement and 14 studies were selected from a total of 7898 studies.13 studies were in prevention level 2 and 3 and focused on diabetic retinopathy, cataract and glaucoma.One study on the first level of prevention and one study on preoperative care education were found. In the educational method,only one study based on educational theories was found, and the rest included face-to-face education,individual counseling,group and multimedia methods.

Education of visually impaired patients is an integral part and one of the most important health interventions.Examining the content and educational methods can help in providing better and more effective educational programs.According to the review,educational interventions in vision care, especially at the first level of prevention,seem limited and necessary.

In the consumer-based evaluation approach, the merit of a product is evaluted. Evaluation of faculty member by students is accepted as one of the evaluation criteria in universities. Also, in the field of health services, consumer satisfaction with service quality is considered. The purpose of this study was to review the consumer-based evaluation approach in the field of industry, medical education and health care.

The present study was a review study. By using keywords Consumer Organizations Consumerism, Evaluation, Program evaluation, Education, Health care, Medical education, Articles were extracted without time limit from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SID، Magiran databases. The inclusion criteria included studies that were in line with the research objective.

In the consumer-based evaluation model, the emphasis is on curricula from the perspective of consumers. Student-centered as one of the effects of consumerism in higher education institutions. In the field of health care, the costs of medical services are covered by insurance. One of the benefits of consumption-oriented medical groups is the promotion of better care. But there are concerns about faculty member taking responsibility for education instead of students.

The results of this study showed that this model can be helpful for the best educational products and curricula for medical groups and other programs. It can also promote the quality of educational services. This study suggests that more studies should be implement to investigate this evaluation model, especially in the field of medical education.

One of the most common bacterial infections is Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), which causes chronic and progressive inflammation and is considered one of the important etiological and pathogenic factors of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study investigating the mechanisms related to H.pylori in causing gastric cancer.

This systematic review study was conducted based on the Prisma protocol and searching in international databases Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and national databases SID, Magiran and MedLib. According to the PICOS strategy, all articles published in Persian and English from 2011 to 2021 using the Persian keywords " Mechanism ", "Gastric Cancer" and "Helicobacter pylori" and the English equivalent of these words and the combination of these words in The search page of each of the databases in question was searched with the necessary strategy. Finally, the quality articles were evaluated based on the purpose of the study.

Based on the results, The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial, but with the present research, it can be said that the role of H.pylori in causing ulcer and gastric cancer is determined by mechanisms, environmental factors, and the host's immune response.

Examining the mechanisms and pathways of disease caused by Helicobacter pylori can lead to the development of newer and more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.