فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 54 (بهار 1402)

Working children are part of the future capital and hopes of the country, which in the best days of their lives have to strive for livelihood. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause and expand the harm of employment of working children in Tehran and to investigate its complications. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach, based on the data-based method and with a semi-structured interview tool. Targeted sampling was of 14 working children in Tehran. The results of the analysis of the interviews led to the identification of 40 open codes, 7 central codes and the selected code "working child, neglect of hope-making future".According to the findings, the factors affecting the creation and increase of working children included factors such as poor differentiation and physical disability, lack of parental care and support for the child, poverty and lack of support for low-income families. . Some effects of this injury were also identified, including weakened self-concept, running away from home, workplace abuse, and a predisposition to delinquency. It is hoped that with deeper studies of the employment dimensions of working children and the use of effective strategies, the path of growth and prosperity of these children will be paved and we will not see any violation of human rights in any child in the world.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between economic status and social exclusion among teachers in Zahedan. The research was conducted by survey method . The statistical population includes all teachers in districts 1 and 2 of Zahedan city in all three grades. The sample size was estimated to be 357 using the Cochran's formula. The sampling method is a combination of stratified random sampling methods and cluster sampling. The results show that the feeling of social exclusion among teachers is moderate. In terms of economic status, the majority of teachers are homeowners, are in middle economic class, have a moderate monthly household expenses, their sense of poverty is high and their level of satisfaction with the country's economic situation is very low. All variables of economic status have a significant relationship with the feeling of social exclusion, in which the relationship of economic class is inverted. There are also significant relationships between gender, age, level of education, ethnicity , religion, employment status, teaching level and work experience and feelings of social discrimination and feelings of social exclusion. The results of linear multivariate regression analysis show that the model composed of variables of economic status, feeling of social discrimination, monthly household expenses, feeling of poverty and gender at a very significant level explain 43% of changes in teachers' feeling of social exclusion.

The purpose of this paper is to test Slanner's model of the relationship between inequality and corruption, called the "inequality trap."The inequality trap starts with high levels of inequality and leads to rising levels of corruption by lowering generalized trust and then deepening inequality. we examine the inequality trap hypothesis with the institutionalist approach using Bertelsmann project transition indicators.For this purpose, from 136 countries studied in Bertelsmann study, 19 countries in Mena region were selected as the target sample. Then, by comparative-fuzzy method, four effective conditions at the institutional level including governance capacity, rule of law, free media and social capital on the outcome variable, ie inequality-corruption trap and exit from it were analyzed individually and in combination.The results of single causal analysis showed that the absence of any of the four conditions in the event of corruption is a necessary condition and causal paths to inequality-corruption also reveal two separate paths in the study countries revealing one path, lack of governance capacity and another.It was not a combination of three conditions or a weakness in the rule of law, free media and social capital.In addition, causal analyzes aimed at overcoming the trap of inequality-corruption in successful countries also showed that in these countries, the existence of a capable government in combination with social capital or free media is sufficient to achieve the result.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the country's social security system in the development plans of the last four decades in Iran. The research method is customary or conventional qualitative content analysis. The study population is the economic and social development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran and each of the sectors related to the social security system such as social insurance and social support is the unit of analysis. Validation using the parallel information acquisition technique and the researcher's self-review, validation has been considered using coding procedures. The social security system has had fragmented and slow growth. The social assistance and support is superior to the social insurance and has two main characteristics of reductionism and discrimination. The social security system is summarized in programs to provide services and support to specific groups and in planning, this system as a tool to gain legitimacy and strengthen the social and popular origin of the ruling political system, not a modern tool for poverty alleviation and equitable distribution of income Considered to be more focused on health insurance, it has grown towards the development of the horizontal dimension and the development of the vertical dimension has been almost neglected

With the reduction of fertility to below-replacement level and increasing the challenges and conflicts between the interests and attitudes of individuals and families, the informal support has significant impact in removing childbearing barriers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of informal support on desire to have children using social support theory. The statistical population of the study is women with a wife and at least one child aged under five years in Nowshahr and Chalous cities. Data were collected by conducting a survey among 362 women. The findings show that 47% of mothers desire to have another child. The findings of our multivariate analysis indicate that such supportive variables as the amount of assistance received by the spouse in housework, receiving assistance in housework from the parent-in-law and frequency of face-to-face communication with parents -in-law have increased the desire of mothers to have another child . In addition, the results in relation to supportive indicators indicate that the potential support index did not have a significant relationship with the desire to have more children, but receiving high levels of instrumental support had an impact on increasing the desire to have another child. In general, the relationship between social support theory and childbearing can be partially confirmed. The results of supportive variables affecting the desire to have another child.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tendency to superstitions according to human development indicators among citizens aged 19-75 in Karaj.In the theoretical foundations section of the theories of experts in the field of development school(Everett Rogers, Corey Keys, Daniel Lerner, Amartia Sen, S.N Eisenstadt and David McClelland) have been used.In terms of method, this research is in the framework of a quantitative (survey) method in which the required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire.The statistical population includes the citizens of Karaj and the sample size is 400 people and the sampling method is multi-stage, So that after observing the sampling steps, sample people were selected from three areas (privileged, partially privileged and low-privileged neighborhoods) in proportion to the population size of each region, According to the results (with an average of 36/69 according to the score range of 17-85), the tendency to superstitions is low. The results of multivariate linear regression test show that, a total of 52% of the variance of the dependent variable (superstition) through independent variables, "Living standards, ability, social health, physical health, media literacy and per capita reading" are estimated and explained.

In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issue of social resilience. Social resilience is the ability of groups or communities to cope with pressures in the face of change. Therefore, education and learning can play an effective role in promoting social resilience. . This article deals with the role of education and learning in social resilience. In other words, increasing individual abilities increases individual resilience, followed by social resilience. The subject of education and learning is the first principle of increasing one's ability and entering society. In this regard, 3 main variables and 15 dependent variables were examined. The present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting documentary information and survey (questionnaire). Using statistical methods such as factor analysis and correlation with Spearman test and t-test were used to achieve the objectives of this study. The statistical population included 1811 people and according to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample number was 317 people. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its value was 0.834, which indicates that the reliability of the questionnaire is desirable. Also, the effect of learning on resilience is at least 29%, which shows a direct and direct relationship between resilience and learning; Therefore, higher levels of education and learning increase resilience

The present study seeks to re-analyze and statistically summarize the previous set of research on the phenomenon of social empowerment as one of the main concepts of development. In other words, it seeks to enumerate the factors affecting social empowerment and the extent of this impact based on previous studies and quantitative research. This study tries to answer the main research question by using meta-analysis method as one of the types of research review methods. In order to perform meta-analysis of all valid scientific researches at the domestic level from 2007 to 1399, it was selected as the statistical population of the research and after studying all the obtained documents, 23 documents were finally identified as suitable for meta-analysis. The data obtained from these documents were analyzed using meta-analysis software (CMA2). The research findings were presented in two parts: descriptive findings and meta-analysis findings. Findings obtained from the combination of effect intensity show that the variables of socio-economic status and social participation with the effect of combined effects of 0.436 and 0.434, respectively, had an average effect on the amount of social empowerment. Also, among the studied variables, the age variable had the least effect on the level of social empowerment and its effect was negative.

Despite a wide range of documents, articles, and circles that increasingly cite "social capital" as a way to promote the health, family social capital is a missing link in cancer studies. Women suffering from cancer find an important part of their life meaning in lived family relationships. In this study, a qualitative approach with an emphasis on interpretive phenomenological method was used to understand the perception and lived experience of women suffering from cancer and their families of mutual norms in family ties. Field data were collected using interview techniques and data saturation criteria. The respondednts included women with cancer referred to Omid Hospital in Urmia and a family member who accompanies them to the treatment center. Analysis and coding of data show that some themes such as the break in the structure of family social capital (first mother, then wife) and the negative social capital in the participants' experiences indicate how social capital within the family has adversely affected the health of women with cancer. The themes of silence / protest, cohesion in emergency situation, and hidden mediation suggest that social capital is reciprocally affected by the disease and it can somehow be strengthened by it.Keywords: Family social capital, positive social capital, negative social capital, lived experience

Happiness is the foundation of many issues and the driving force of societyThat is why all countries try to provide all the necessary elements for happiness if they can not At least take initiatives to lead society to live happily, Actions that can affect the economic, cultural, social and political development of any society.Accordingly, in the present study, we have tried to explain the indicators of a happy city from the perspective of the citizens of Ardabil. The statistical population of the study is citizens over 15 years old in Ardabil in 1400. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 385 people and the sample was selected using stratified sampling method. Also. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and CODAS methodThe results of CODAS model indicate that different regions of Ardabil do not have the same indicators of a happy city and from this perspective, there are obvious differences between regions. These differences are such that region two with a score of 0.0063 of the total The studied indices are in the first rank, region one with a score of 0.0061 in the second rank, region three with a score of -0.0017 in the third rank, region four with a score of -0.0044 in the fourth rank and finally region five with a score of -0.0064 is in the last rank.