مجله دانش سیاسی
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 37، بهار و تابستان 1402)

The serious obstacles and problems faced by Iran's Islamic Revolution in the first fourteen decades of its lofty goals have caused, despite significant progress, the maximum standards of the ideals of the Islamic Revolution have not been realized as it should be. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran has stated that the main step of the movement at the current stage is the creation of the Islamic State, and by issuing a statement on the second step of the revolution, he has ushered in a new era. Based on this, the governance system of the Islamic Republic of Iran needs people who are hard-working, efficient, committed, adhere to religious, revolutionary, creative values ​​and such things so that the power of decision-making can be felt more. Therefore, by developing a model for the governance system of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, an attempt is made to dry up the root of many cultural, economic and social issues and problems. Considering that the superior and successful models of the countries cannot necessarily be suitable for the country with the goals of Islamic transcendental governance, for this purpose, in this research, using the data model of the foundation, the model of the appropriate governance system is extracted. To test the model in this research, Kappa method and Lausche coefficient are used. Finally, in order to ensure the correct correspondence of the components in each dimension of the model, confirmatory factor analysis has been used. The findings show that proper use of resources and capacities, creativity and innovation, rationality and logic, people's participation and long-term and forward-looking strengthening are among the strategies to reach the governance system based on the statement of the second step of the revolution.

Ilam province, like other provinces of the country after the revolution in the field of political participation, has undergone a traditional transition to open and democratic methods. Ilam is a society in transition from a traditional society to a modern society and is considered semi-traditional or semi-modern in terms of developmental context. The traditional structure, tribe and economic conditions and the existence of traditional reference patterns play an important and active role in leading citizens to political participation in it. Its cultural and social structure is tied to tribal culture, tribe and ethnic diversity and can be called a tribal treasure. Tribe, lineage, tribe, white beard and other traditional elements are rooted in the social structure of Ilam, which is reflected in the creation of a socio-political capital within the group and outside the group in political participation. Tribal Baft - Its tribes have had a greater impact on traditional cohesion and increased inclination to political competition, which is more evident in the elections to the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to explain the effect of socio-political capital on the level of political participation among the citizens of Ilam province. The method of conducting the current research is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. Using Cochran's formula from the statistical population of 410949, a sample of 384 people was selected and selected by stratified cluster sampling. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between socio-political capital (0.589) and political participation of citizens. Also, there is a significant and positive relationship between the dimensions of socio-political capital, ie socio-political trust (0.763), socio-political cohesion (0.654), socio-political awareness (0.406) and tribal belonging (0.680) and political participation of citizens. has it. In total, 42% of the changes in the political participation of the citizens of Ilam are explained by socio-political capital.

One of the important concepts and influenced by the thought of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution is the concept of "Resistance", which in the past few decades of Islamic Iran, has created a broad current of thought in various fields. for example; in the field of foreign policy, by influencing the developments in the region, it has changed many international equations in favor of the oppressed nations of the region. However, this idea has brought various costs to the countries of the resistance. Experience has shown that in order to reduce costs, intellectual and cultural institutions need to help further clarify the issue. One of the most important of these institutions is the university. The university has various educational, research and cultural functions, and based on these functions, it can be the basis for expanding and deepening the discourse of resistance. The main question of the present article is "What are the most important practical functions of the university in developing the idea of resistance?" In this research, using the theory of structural functionalism and with a descriptive-analytical approach and collecting and analyzing data from various educational, research and cultural sources and documents, the subject has been studied. The results show that the university has done many activities in the field of research and culture due to expanding the concept of resistance, but in the field of education and the establishment of disciplines related to resistance needs more scientific activities.

Four decades after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the thought and manners of the late founder of the revolution are increasingly in danger of being distorted. The necessary condition for dealing with the phenomenon of Imam's distortion is an accurate understanding of this issue, and therefore in this article we intend to provide an accurate description and explanation of the phenomenon. The data required for this article were obtained using a library study and semi-structured interviews with seventeen experts in the field of Imam's thought and then analyzed by Grounded theory method. Based on the data analysis, the distortion of Imam Khomeini's thought and behavior was selected as a Axial category of paradigm model. In this model, casual condition were classified into three categories: insight, tendency and action. Also, two categories of human and cultural context related to the phenomenon of Imam's distortion were identified. According to this model, the mediating conditions of Imam's distortion include seven categories of social, propaganda and media conditions, organizational and political, political, scientific, elite and contingent. Distortion methods and the need for deconstruction are the main issues under the heading of action and interaction strategies in this model. Finally, the consequences of distorting the thought and manners of the Imam have been studied in this model.

ISIS is one of terrorist groups in the Middle East, which became the most dangerous terrorist group in the world between 2013 and 2017 . ISIS has used psychological operations techniques and media techniques to try to portray itself and recruit. By publishing magazines such as "Dabiq" and "Rumiyah", ISIS was trying to attract the public opinion & new members. In recent years, much research has been done on how ISIS was formed, its ideology and tools for expanding its power, but less attention has been paid to ISIS's media techniques in displaying power. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the media techniques of ISIS in inducing power using the theory of representation and applying the method of content analysis. The main question of the research is what were the themes of ISIS media techniques in inducing power (2013-2019. The research was conducted by analysing all the issues of Dabiq and Rumiyah. Resultes  show that ISIS has been able to exercise power in various fields of soft and hard power in several ways by intelligently using common media techniques.

The design of the present study was a qualitative meta-combination and systematic review. The statistical population of the study consisted of all articles performed in the field of psychological operations with a total of 124 articles in Iran and abroad, of which 40 articles with criteria related to the purpose of the present study were selected as the research sample. The research tools consisted of reviewing library documents and reviewing Persian articles in the field of keyword psychological operations, and the method of data analysis was content review and coding. The results showed that the characteristics of war costs, change in the structure of war and change in attitudes toward war are the basic and causal factors of psychological operations, and the characteristics of emerging technologies, modern warfare structure, cognitive and societal characteristics of underlying factors, accessibility indicators To the new knowledge, the conditions and position of psychological operations and coordination and consensus in psychological operations, facilitators and cognitive, emotion-based, behavior-oriented tactics formed the characteristics of psychological operations strategies in this study. Ultimately, operations for the community itself, the enemy community, and the neutral community group include the consequences of psychological operations. The final results of the research show that it provides an integrated model of psychological operations that can help to understand the scope of psychological operations. Keyword: Psychological Operations, Cognitive Warfare, Meta-Combined Model, Systematic Review

The aim of the present study is to identify and categorize the obstacles of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. The current study has utilized the Qualitative Meta-Analysis method. The sample include articles and dissertations that have been published in databases of NOORMAGZ, SID, MAGIRAN and IRANDOC from 1989 to 2018. During the review process, 118 studies were identified and finally, 30 of them were included to the secondary evaluation. The findings indicated that the 130 obstacles of party development have been identified and categorized follow six approaches: Institutional, Legal, Political culture, Sociological, and Modernization obstacles that based on the frequency, Political culture obstacle has been a frequency of 46 cases, 35.38%.  From the perspective of party development studies in the period 1989-2018, the obstacle of political culture with three dimensions, the political culture of leaders, political elites and the masses has had the greatest impact on the process of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. Hence, it is suggested to reform of political culture with the aim of creating a positive mental orientation toward the party phenomenon and activity at three levels: the political culture of leaders, political elites and political activists and the mass.

The realization of trust as one of the most important human ideals has long been considered by thinkers of every age. Admittedly, many researchers have addressed the factors influencing the sense of social justice by citizens, including the variables of religion. The results of research show that religiosity has always had a positive effect on people's sense of social trust and as the religiosity of individuals increases, so does their sense of social trust. Therefore, in this study, using the standard questionnaire of religiosity Grag and Stark and also the division of the sense of social justice into procedural and distributive justice the effect of religiosity on the sense of social justice has been investigated. The statistical population of this study includes students of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan. In this study, 378 students were selected as a statistical sample using the online questionnaire. The coefficient of determination of 0.13 shows that the effect of religiosity on the sense of social justice in the statistical population of the present study is moderate, which is very meaningful and reminds the need for pathology and strengthening their religious foundations. On the other hand, the results show that religiosity has a positive and significant effect on increasing social trust between individuals.

Saudi Arabia can be considered the ruler of the Sunni world. This country with conservative structure was considered an effective model for many countries in the Persian Gulf and the Islamic world, was confronted with the emergence of Muhammad ibn Salman as crown prince faced some profound developments. In verifying this hypothesis, many cases can be implied. Revival of women's rights, 2030 Development Document, the scope of political relations with the West and the use of Western development models and other issues. In this article, the authors try to provide a convincing and reasoned answer to this question: How can analyze the ideological and objective developments in the political system of Saudi Arabia in the Bin Salman period. The authors' hypothesis by using Chalmers Johnson theory and written and virtual sources and interpretive method (research method) shows that the ideological and objective developments in Saudi Arabia in the period of Bin Salman paved the way for the country's transition from one the traditional Wahhabi system has become a secular system. The consequences of this issue can be examined in two major parts, ideological and objective. In the ideological section, we can see the emergence of new value and ideological groups in the Saudi system, the gradual isolation and boycott of Wahhabi scholars and scholars as the most important source of legitimacy for the Saudi government and monarchy, the growing decline of religious and Islamic values ​​in this The country and the gradual cessation of the pattern of Wahhabism were referred to the region and other parts of the Islamic world.

One of the basic concepts in political systems that defines the roadmap of states is "National Interest", which consists of two components: "Benefit" and "Nationality". Islamic political thought needs to redefine such concepts in its system and the most original source for understanding the Islamic approach is the Holy Quran. Therefore, in a linguistic semantics analysis, we answer the question: what national interests mean in the perspective of the Holy Qur'an. Benefit has features such as being stable, being good and conforming to the truth. To understand the concept of nationality, Quranic interpretations that express social frameworks were examined and the terms which is used in Qur'an in these words: Ummah, Diyar, Qoum, Qariyah, Ta'efah, Nas, Asheerah, Qabilah and Nation were studied. The Holy Quran has a contingent approach to the framework of human society and defines it in the model of human common behavior, and next to this approach, it points to the originality of ideological boundaries. The Holy Qur'an considers Islamic government to be in charge of pursuing interests with the priority of spirituality, and defines these interests in the interaction of two dimensions; national borders that are necessary for human modern life and the original ideological border. Utilitarianism under the concept of national interests is considered a genuine matter and, consequently, human innate utilitarianism has been confirmed. In the Qur'anic literature, it is considered a deity worthy of worship that is beneficial. On the other hand, the importance of the issue of customary and contemplative demarcation of countries and communities, which according to Quranic analysis is a respectable and common thing in which not only the identity and independence of countries is important but also every government is tasked to protect society and its ideals. To provide benefits, and given the contingent acceptance of human communities in the Holy Qur'an, it seems that the human need today, which is the national framework, is accepted by the Qur'an.

Simultaneously with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the formation of a new political order with an emphasis on Islam and the republic, the foreign policy of post-revolutionary Iran also underwent many substantial changes. Withdrawal from the alliance with the West and the adoption of Iran's non-aligned policy led to a new force entering the international arena of the time and challenging the coordinates of the established order. This change in the bias and logic of Iran's foreign policy action led to disagreements about the impact of this change of approach on national interests; Accordingly, a group called for action in accordance with universally accepted values ​​and norms, and sought to establish a balance between the West and the East in order to prevent the formation of a hostile atmosphere against post-revolutionary Iran while adhering to the principle of neutrality and adhering to a non-aligned approach; On the other hand, another view considered the mission of the revolution as resistance to the logic of naked power ruling the international system and sought to establish a just and normative order in the international system; Hence, the policy of resistance and incompatibility against the increasing intentions of the West in this regard was considered to be in the national interest.Applying the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism and using descriptive and analytical methods in explaining political phenomena, this paper is an attempt to answer the question of what is the relationship between national interests and resistance foreign policy strategy? The findings of this study indicate that resistance foreign policy by maintaining the territorial integrity and territorial unity of the country, protecting the fundamental values ​​of the political system, strengthening the spirit of self-confidence and, consequently, achieving independence and freedom of action in the national and international arena to strengthen Iran's national interests. Has resulted.

Twiplomacy represents the use of the capacity of modern social networks - Twitter - to advance the goals of public or official diplomacy. Representation of reality in the context of Twiplomacy is done with different methods and goals. Using the qualitative method of netnography, the autores study how the Islamic resistance is represented in the period from October 2019 to November 2020, with emphasis on the martyrdom of  Gasem  Soleimani in the context of the Twitter. The results showe:a.Representation among Persian Twitter users indicates empathy with the values and norms of the resistance discourse and the ideals of Martyr Soleimani.b.Representation among Arab Twitter users indicates equilibrium between proponents and opponents of the resistance discourse.c.Representation among English Twitter users shows an inverted image of the reality and truth of the Islamic resistance discourse.As a result, the success of the goals of Islamic resistance requires the success of discourse in cyberspace, such as superiority in the field.