نشریه پژوهش مدیریت آموزش کشاورزی
سال چهاردهم شماره 63 (زمستان 1401)

Water governance is known as an effective solution to limitation of agricultural water resources and its optimal management. Therefore, it is very important to identify and evaluate the indicators as well as the priority mechanisms for its realization.with this knowledge, this research has evaluated the feasibility of good governance indicators of agricultural water resources in the water-user organizations of Kamyaran county.This research is a type of descriptive-analytical research that was conducted by survey method. In addition to in-depth library studies, the required data was collected using the field method and questionnaire tool in 2021.The statistical population included 220 water users in eight villages who were selected by census. The validity of questionnire was examined by subject experts in university and its reliability calculation was confirmed by Ordinal theta coefficient (θ=0.72-0.85). The findings revealed the state of good governance of the organizations at a weak (47.72%) and moderate (37.27%) respectively. The comparison of the averages showed that its dimensions of financial reliability and independence, participation, justice and transparency was higher than the average of the society,but it was lower in other dimensions. Considering the significant level of farmers' governance of water resources in terms of components of financial reliability, participation, justice, it is acceptable,but in terms of adequacy and reliability, efficiency and effectiveness, and accountability, it is reported to be weak.The correlation coefficient confirm significant relationship between the variables of the number of participants in public meetings,and the main job history with the variable of the good governance level of organizations.

This research was carried out with the general purpose of the role social capital in the use of good agricultural practice. The statistical population of the research included all the farmers of Khorram Abad county. Sample size using Cochran's sampling formula, 380 farmers were selected for the study by stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software. The results showed that the studied farmers do not use good agricultural practice well, and the behaviors of "not burning crop residues" and "using biological and biological fertilizers" are used more than other good agricultural practice. In addition, the results of the regression coefficient showed that the dimensions of social capital (social participation, social norm, social awareness, collective action, social trust) can explain 63.9% of the variance of good agricultural practice. In general, it can be said that the results of this research can provide new insights for policymakers in this field in order to expand sustainable agricultural operations.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of using Samyt e-learning platform on improving the performance of CEOs of rural cooperative companies in Fars province. The integrated management system of Fars Cooperatives (Samyt) was produced and implemented in 2019, among the goals and roles of this system is the management and integration of current information and data at the network level, management and monitoring of the information of network members and personnel, holding the process of meetings electronically. Making the training process, forming and creating an electronic file for people active in the network, holding online meetings of the organization and subsidiary centers, holding online tests for participants in training courses and CEO candidates, educational needs assessment from the network are covered. This research benefited a little from our point of view and is practical in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method. Statistical population consisting of managing directors of rural cooperative companies numbering 360 people, of which 142 people were studied by simple random sampling using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a Userlan questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was calculated using the ordinal theta coefficient (Ɵ=0.75-0.91) and composite reliability (CR=0.74-0.91), and the validity Its form was estimated by using the opinions of academic experts and its content validity based on the construct validity index (AVE=0.5-0.68).

The extension and education of the optimal methods of Damask rose cultivation as a two-sided expertise in the human development of the agricultural sector is carried out in order to meet the information, insight and skill needs of cultivators. In this regard, this study aimed at developing a structural model for the extension and education of Damask rose cultivation in Sari County in 2021. The statistical population of study includes Damask rose cultivators of Sari County (N=224). According to Cochran formula, 188 Damask rose cultivators were selected as a statistical sample. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections: the individual characteristics of Damask rose cultivators, extension and education of Damask rose cultivation, economic, socio-cultural, environmental, marketing and infrastructure factors with a Likert scale. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinions. Also, based on the Average Variance Extracted (0.561<AVE<0.642) and Composite Reliability (0.895<CR<0.952), the questionnaire had a convergent validity and appropriate reliability. SPSS16 and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The structural equation modeling showed that, respectively, socio-cultural, environmental, economic and marketing factors had the greatest effect on the extension and education of Damask rose cultivation. These factors explained 85 percent of the extension and education of Damask rose cultivation.

Achieving sustainable development requires the training of specialized and competent human resources through educational centers and institutions. While, one of the concerns of higher agricultural education, especially in recent years, is the issue of student retention. The purpose of this causal-relational research was to determine the factors influencing the retention of agricultural students. The statistical population was the undergraduate students of in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Razi University in the academic year 2021-2022 (N=901), which 270 were selected based on Bartlett's table with a stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used for its reliability and validity through ordinal coefficient theta (Ө= 0.87) and an expert panel. Exploratory factor analysis showed that factors related to professors, support-management factor, environmental and educational facilities and personal factor were extracted as effective factors on student retention. These factors explain about 73% of the variance related to the retention of agricultural students. The results of the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests did not show significant difference between the viewpoints of male and female students and different fields and educational degrees of students. While, there was a significant difference between the viewpoints of rural and urban students regarding the factors affecting the retention of students. Based on the findings, Creating motivation and interest in students by professors, supporting the government in creating jobs for agricultural graduates, providing greenhouses and agricultural land to carry out practical activities in agricultural colleges can create situation for retention of students.

Internship is a unique training program that purpose is to integrate education with experimental programs and activities. It is necessary to examine the weaknesses of the implementation of this course in the pas t years, successful experiences of implementing this program in other countries and receiving and summarizing the opinions of the s takeholders of this program for improving the effectiveness of internships for agricultural s tudents. In order to implementation of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Minis tries of Science, Research and Technology and Agriculture-Jahad and the law on increasing the productivity of agriculture and natural resources, that he purpose of which is to use the capacities of executive and governmental bodies in the implementation of the internship plan for agricultural s tudents, this research was conducted with the aim of inves tigating the obs tacles and challenges of the implementation of the internship program of agricultural science s tudents in the Minis try of Agriculture-Jahad by using a qualitative research method and a deductive approach. The s tatis tical population of this s tudy was all educational deputies and the ins tructors working in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centers of the country in the academic year 2021-2022 (N= 64), of which 38 people were selected by purposive sampling method. As a result of the content analysis, the challenges of implementing the s tudents' internship were categorized in; the course curriculum, implementation of the course, internship ins tructors, s tudents (interns), the organizational unit accepting the intern, and the college and university. The mos t important challenges from the respondents` point of view included the s tudents' lack of motivation to actively participate in this course due to the uncertainty of their job opportunities, lack of monitoring and detailed visits by the university and the Minis try of Agricultural Jihad on the implementation of the course in the units accepting interns, the lack of motivation of trainers to optimally implement the internship course, and the lack of coordination and cooperation between universities and units conducting internships. Encouraging s tudents to participate in skill training and methods, active cooperation of universities with executive bodies in the implementation of practical trainings and equipping organizational unit accepting the intern with facilities and equipment needed for the implementation of the internship training course were among the sugges tions of this research.

In developing countries, including Iran, universities have been criticized for focusing on educational and research roles with minimal impact on societies. In this regard, the purpose of research was to design a model for providing university extension services in the colleges of agriculture and natural resources. The s tatis tical population of the research consis ted of two parts: 1) All faculty members of the colleges of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Urmia University, including 110 people, of which 82 people were randomly selected based on the Karjik and Morgan table. 2) The community of academic and organizational experts including 18 people who were selected in a purposeful way until reaching the theoretical saturation index. Qualitative method of grounded theory and quantitative survey method with ques tionnaire and interview ins truments were used. The results of the descriptive s tatis tics showed that the majority of the respondents are dedicated to the mechanisms of providing extension services, including the es tablishment of the extension office at college, the organizational pos t of extension expert in educational departments, the creation of pos tgraduate courses in the field of extension and agricultural education, as well as the formation of thematic technical committees. They agreed on allocated parts of the duties to the extension if these activities will consider as promotion indicators. According to the field data obtained from the opinions of experts, the model of providing extension services in agricultural and natural resources colleges was designed, which includes the components of causal requirements, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and the paradigm necessary for this work that It can have had positive

Raber township in Kerman province with 4500 hectares of walnut cultivation is one of the most important hubs of walnut production in the country. Holding extensional training classes based on educational needs can play an effective role in improving the knowledge and skills of walnut farmers for using new methods to increase production and income. The main purpose of the research was to determine the educational needs of walnut farmers in Raber township. The statistical population included walnut farmers (N=1200) and experts of agricultural Jihad management of Raber township(N=15). Due to the limited community of experts, a census was conducted and multi-stage sampling with proportional assignment was used for farmers. This descriptive research was conducted by survey method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of the professors of Tabriz University and the experts of the agricultural jihad who were involved in walnut farming. The reliability of the research questionnaire was acceptable by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (between 0.72 and 0.96). The educational needs were estimated based on the viewpoint of farmers and experts according to Borich and Quadrant models. The findings of the research using the quadrant model showed that 10 educational needs were placed in the first quadrant (high importance, low skill), which were: building a garden with the right method and system, using suitable modified varieties of walnut, getting to know walnut grafting methods. buying walnut seedlings from a suitable and reliable place, taking care of walnuts against sunburn, getting to know the right ways to sell the product, planting healthy seedlings, proper plowing and its effect on increasing production, observing the proper depth and diameter of the planting hole for walnut seedlings, Observing the proper depth and diameter of the hole for planting walnut seedlings and observing the proper distance for planting walnut seedlings.