نشریه شهر ایمن
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1402)

From the past until now, the occurrence of earthquakes has always been a widespread threat, and the need to reduce the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes is considered one of the main concerns of urban planning. In this regard, the pathological zoning of the amount and type of response to the earthquake with the help of effective methods can significantly increase the resilience of the city in the face of the earthquake. In the present study, the physical-social pathology of Urmia city against the earthquake crisis was investigated. The type of this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. 15 indicators were used to measure the physical and social vulnerability of Urmia city. The required data are also extracted from comprehensive plans and statistics of 2015. Spatial statistics and spatial autocorrelation models have been used in GIS software for data analysis. The results obtained to answer the research question indicate that the central parts of Urmia city are more vulnerable than the peripheral parts in terms of physical index. The state of social indicators at the level of Urmia city shows moderate vulnerability. This vulnerability was estimated at 58% in the physical dimension and 41% in the social dimension. The results of the RDJ model also show that the distribution of physical and social vulnerability is clustered in the regions of Urmia. Considering the degree of vulnerability of the city of Urmia, in order to reduce the loss of life and money caused by the earthquake, it needs to reduce the consequences of this crisis with efficient planning and effective measures.

Today, due to the rapid growth of the world's population and its concentration in cities, the concept of sustainable urban development has been proposed as a basic component affecting the long-term vision of human societies, and housing and related issues are a global issue, and planners and policy makers in different countries are looking for solutions to solve the related issues. Due to the fact that housing is one of the most important urban uses, it is necessary to design the residential environment properly so that, in addition to greater productivity and security, the correct use of renewable and clean energy causes the least damage to the environment. In this regard, in this research, the components of sustainable housing in Salmas city have been investigated. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. To analyze the data, SPSS software and sample t-tech statistical tests, step-by-step regression and one-way variance analysis were used. The results of the investigation of the components of sustainable housing in Salmas show that the physical component has the highest rank with an average of 2.95, followed by the environmental component with an average of 2.91 and the social component with an average of 2.76 and the access component with an average of 2.46, and finally, the economic component with an average of 2.03 has taken the last rank, these results show the great contribution of physical and environmental components in the sustainable housing of Salmas city and the least impact on housing the stability of this city is related to the economic component. In addition, the overall average of all components was lower than the base limit (number 3).

In order to design public and private spaces in cities, urban architects are looking for the implementation of simple and new systems to increase safety in construction sites. Providing suitable physical infrastructure in urban workshops that can guarantee the health and safety of workers, the urban environment and the efficiency of workshop performance is one of the important challenges in designing and equipping construction sites in a safe city. This research has been done with the aim of improving the safety and efficiency of urban workshops using the ant colony optimization algorithm. The research method is descriptive and exploratory and is a case study type. The ant theory algorithm uses a structured solution to solve the problems of workshop arrangement over time, which is done by using heuristic information based on the cost of flow and the cost of movement in different time frames. This algorithm works by determining the dominant relationship between the answers, which is the key parameter for the search algorithm. In order to achieve the final optimal results, a case study is used to verify the proposed model, which can be realized by assuming appropriate parameters. In the case study of the urban construction workshop, four scenarios were determined for safe equipment, and the most optimal design, scenario number 1, was concluded to be the best case for the arrangement of dynamic facilities, considering the minimum cost of 2496.

Smart cities rely heavily on technology and data to improve citizens' quality of life. However, this reliance on technology also creates significant security challenges such as cyber security threats, data privacy, interoperability and lack of necessary standards. In order to deal with these challenges and also to reduce conflicts between security and Internet of Things services in the smart city, it is necessary to consider initiatives. Data security governance is a process of ensuring data security while maintaining the efficiency and performance of the data in the areas of use. In order to use the data security governance of the Internet of Things in Houshmand city, it is necessary to identify its application areas. These areas can be calculated by considering the structure of the smart city, the Internet of Things, the structure and topic of data, as well as the beneficiaries of the data in the smart city. In this article, by studying different sources and using elite capacity, 4 main areas and 17 applied sub-areas of Internet of Things security governance in Houshmand city have been identified. Also, after identifying the areas, the effective factors on data security governance of Internet of Things in Houshmand city have been calculated.

Today, in the changing global conditions, "entrepreneurship" as a mechanism of economic development through innovation, creating employment and expanding welfare in the society is of special importance in social governance, especially in urban management and safety. Researchers in the field of entrepreneurship policy believe that "countries with many entrepreneurs cannot achieve economic growth and development, but they need an appropriate entrepreneurial ecosystem, so that they can achieve this goal. On this basis, we need to evaluate and analyze the ecosystem of advanced technologies with an integrated model of entrepreneurship of advanced technologies. And based on the research literature, the pattern of extracted components is coded in 3 reference dimensions of analysis, roles and characteristics, which are classified in 22 subsystem fields. This research is fundamental in terms of research results and practical in terms of purpose and has an exploratory nature. The research is derived from the results of Behbahani's research (1401), which used the structural equations method to investigate the effect of other components on the relationship between the above three components with entrepreneurship of advanced technologies in four basic hypotheses regarding the meaningful and positive relationship between the components of entrepreneurship and The dimensions of technology analysis, entrepreneurship components and characteristics and roles, dimensions of analysis and decision to entrepreneurship, characteristics and roles and decision to entrepreneurship have been examined and the results confirm the hypotheses except for the third hypothesis. It is suggested that in future researches, in addition to advanced industries, all industries should be focused on in different time periods and at the same time as the development of administrative services and urban management.

The issue of security and defense of one's territories, as one of the effective factors in social sustainability, has been one of the primary human concerns until today. The importance of the impact of physical characteristics on the security of an environment has been the concern of many contemporary researchers. Theories such as defensible space, CPTED, safe growth, and psychological studies have each looked at the subject from a different innovative perspective. In this research, we have tried to facilitate the problem of designing a safe physical environment with a comprehensive approach to the subject, with a comparative study of existing qualitative studies and providing a design guideline in the framework of a different categorizing. Our assumption is that all the scattered parameters can be divided into the three primary factors of territorial behavior, natural surveillance and Image; that we can categorize the physical design requirements of a safe environment with logical reasoning by reviewing the historical-interpretive background of the subject and its qualitative analysis. For this purpose, we considered the rest of the scattered factors as a subset of one of these three general factors, and by classifying and labelling these items, we obtained the secondary subset factors of the primary factors. Finally, the secondary parameters of spatial structure, barriers were considered for territorial behavior, activity support and visibility for natural surveillance, access control for both, and quality, maintenance, and target hardening for Image. In Further studies, the degree of correlation and effectiveness of each of these factors can be discussed in the final result of designing a safe environment. This design guideline can be used as design basis as passive factors of a safe environment in urban design and neighborhood environments.

Today, the approach of threats is changing from hard to soft and relying on psychological operations in societies. By persuading and changing their behavior, crises and colorful revolutions arise in them; therefore, to cope passive defense functions are effective; and the role of institutions and policymakers in opening such spaces should not be neglected. Social capital is one of the most important indicators of the growth of societies. This concept, which has entered politics from social sciences, has a wide impact on the relationship between government and society. The main question of the research is, what effect has the functioning of the country's eight passive defense policies had on social capital in Iran? The case study method is contextual; in the quantitative analysis section, the "multiple linear regression" method of "eight independent variables" is used on "dependent variable". The statistical population is 17 people in the qualitative part and 140 people in the quantitative part of experts in interdisciplinary sciences. The results indicate that the function of the eight passive defense policies on the components of social capital is significant and their impact on the components of social capital is different and significant.