نشریه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 54 (بهار 1402)

Human society exists in the system of creation, and the existence of society, what kind of existence is considered to be one of the real, creditable and imaginary existences? Is it formed with the credit of humans and will it continue to exist by means of the same humans? Or does it not need the credit of human beings? Questions are raised in general political philosophy, and Sadra is one of the thinkers who organized a special political philosophy in this field, considering his general philosophy. In the face of these questions, he mostly acknowledges the validity of society and since he considers man as a non-individual being, he will not be able to solve his problems on his own. He firmly believes in the cooperation and cooperation between people and in this regard, he firmly believes in the existence of law after the formation of the society in order to organize the human society. Although Sadra believes in human reason, he believes in the necessity of legislation and Sharia law in human societies, and by possessing reason alone, man is more likely to strengthen and flourish the ecstasy of the senses, and in this way, an educated society will emerge. And while Sadr al-Mutalahin, along with the definitive acceptance of a learned society for social life, has a desire for a differentiated and ultimately transcendent society. In Sadra's virtuous society, justice is the basic axis, while in the transcendental society, kindness, benevolence, and kindness are the basic foundations. In the virtuous and exalted society of Sadra, the presence of a prophet, imam, and scholars are an inevitable necessity, and in the exalted society, for the implementation of the Sharia and the law of subsistence and resurrection, the executors of the Sharia, by connecting to the common sense and the divine system, in the society of A human being is also good in his actions, and this society also becomes similar to the divine world.

Turkey is one of the neighboring countries of Iran that has many advantages in terms of geopolitics and perhaps it can be mentioned as one of the few countries with regional influences around Iran. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of what are the factors of divergence in the political relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey?The objectives of this study are to investigate the divergence factors in the political climate of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey based on three categories of geopolitical factors, geoeconomic factors and geocalcher factors.This research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical and survey method. The results of this analysis show that in all three components of geopolitics, geocalchery and geoeconomics, the mentioned priority caused divergence and a total of 15 factors were confirmed.In response to sub-questions, the most important geopolitical factors, the Kurdish question in Syria and turkey's military presence under the pretext of fighting them in Syria and the most important geocalcular factors, the flagship of the Islamic system in the region by Iran and the most important geoeconomic factors, the competition of the two countries to influence the markets of the Caucasus and Central Asia were determined.

As one of the important countries in the Middle East, the Islamic Republic of Iran is in the southern part of its periphery with a series of neighboring Arab countries that enjoy a special position. Ethnic, ideological and territorial differences, competition for the leadership of the Arab world, proxy wars, closeness to Israel, alliances and competition of great powers are among the most important developments and dynamics in this region, and it is of particular importance to find the root causes and grounds for the formation of these dynamics. The present article tries to answer this important question by assuming the formation of the mentioned developments, using the analogical-hypothetical method and based on Randall Schweller's balance of interests in the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism, while filling the existing gap in studies. And what are the current dynamics in the southern part of the peripheral environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran?The result of this research is that the government in Arab countries has simultaneously been affected by several important factors at the internal and structural levels, causing important developments and dynamics in the southern part of the peripheral environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

New technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Accordingly, none of the major countries and powers want to be left behind in this field. The main research question is, what effect has artificial intelligence had on the competition between China and the United States? Based on the findings, despite the increased competition and challenge between Beijing and Washington in artificial intelligence and related technologies and the imposition of sanctions by the United States against China in the field of hardware related to artificial intelligence, there is significant cooperation between the scientists of these two countries in the field of producing articles and scientific research. There is. Also, Beijing has been able to overtake the United States in the production of scientific articles, patents related to artificial intelligence and big data. The United States is also a leader in the production of hardware and chips and is trying to use this advantage to stop China's progress. This article is done using descriptive-analytical method.

After the 44-day war of 2020 and the capture of areas of Karabagh by the Republic of Azerbaijan with the direct support of the Zionist regime and Turkey, the balance of power between the two republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan was disrupted and has brought an important security threat to the surrounding countries. It has been reported that the Republic of Azerbaijan is seeking to establish a communication route with the Autonomous Republic of Nakhichevan from the territory of Armenia in Siwnik Province. If this request is fulfilled, Turkey will reach the South Caucasus by land, and the Turkic-speaking countries will have a land connection to the Xinjiang Province of China. they find Facing the expansion of radicalism arising from pan-Turkism, the security threat against the historical border of Armenia and Iran, the presence of NATO in the South Caucasus region and the Caspian Sea are new examples of threats against the neighboring countries of Armenia. In this research, the theory of realism and defensive realism is used, and the research method is descriptive and analytical. The main question is what is the position of Siwnik Province in Armenia in the security equation of the surrounding countries? The hypothesis of the research is based on the geopolitical importance and strategic position of Siwnik Province of Armenia due to the creation of a geographical barrier in the spread of Pan-Turkism in the region and the expansion of NATO to the South Caucasus and the Caspian Sea. It is one of the expansionist policies of the Republic of Azerbaijan for the surrounding countries, which extends to a wider area up to the western borders of China.

The impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, especially the United States. This research seeks to answer the question, what effect has the security strategy of the United States of America regarding China had on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)? In response to the proposed hypothesis that "according to the strategic security threats of the United States against China, this country has been looking for new alliances between important regional players, which has led to a strategic alliance between China and Iran". After examining the sources of the first category (economic and security strategies) with a descriptive-analytical method, the results showed: the national security strategy of the United States of America, from 2001 to 2021, has always mentioned China and Iran as an international threat, to The way that China's role is more pronounced and Iran's role in the next stages are in these strategies. According to Stephen Walt, when two or more states face an imminent common threat,...