فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی زنان
پیاپی 97 (پاییز 1401)

Examining jurisprudential texts shows examples of women's rights that are less known in customary norms and legal sources. This is despite the fact that after the victory of the revolution, the adaptation of the laws to the rules of Islam and the realization of the material and spiritual rights of women were emphasized in the principles of the constitution. However, the examination of customary norms and legal articles shows their incompatibility with Sharia rights and as a result, women's rights are violated in the society. This article tries to introduce the reasons for this gap. For this purpose, 30 women living in Tehran province, who had a history of married life, were interviewed using the purposeful and theoretical sampling method, and the findings were analyzed with a critical grounded theory approach. Finally, 11 key categories were extracted, among them "the hegemony of the male-centered collectivist culture" and "the culture that governs the couple's family" as background conditions and "men's exclusivity", "women's lack of demands" and "inappropriate interactions between couples" were identified as the causal conditions of this gap. The main concern of the interviewed women was "conflict of asserting rights and maintaining stability or peace in the family" which was influenced by the intervening conditions of "expenses and expansion of patronage", "social disturbances" and "characteristics of the couple". Actions of "compliance or non-compliance with the violation of rights" lead.

The category of family and the issues of this field are multi-layered, multi-dimensional and extensive, and therefore, numerous organizations and institutions have been created at different levels focusing on the family field. These organizations and institutions, some of which are governmental and some non-governmental, can be considered as a system that has been put together to achieve specific goals. In the conducted research, the intention is to check whether the institutions and organizations that have been established with or without a specific plan have the necessary mana and efficiency to realize the lofty goals that have been drawn in the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the consolidation and excellence of the family. And what are the complications on the structure and function of this system. The innovation of the research is the use of the Mana System Model (VSM) in order to find complications in the governance system of family affairs. The findings show that the existing organizations and institutions can be considered as a system that was created to fulfill the governance duties regarding the family category, but for this system to be valid, the manager (owner) of the processes and the mechanism of measuring the performance of the components must be identified. After finding the problem, some practical suggestions have been presented.

ABSTRACTPrevalence of life-long childlessness in Khuzestan province and related factorsAmong the demographic characteristics of developed countries, which can be seen in other countries such as our country Iran, is the phenomenon of low childbearing and even childlessness. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of lifelong or permanent childlessness among women living in Khuzestan province. To achieve this goal, the raw data of 2% of the 2015 census was used. Data analysis was done using frequency table, chi square test and logistic regression analysis in SPSS software version 20. The results showed that 5.3% of women aged 40-49 in Khuzestan province are childless. Bivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of independent variables on the dependent variable and to predict lifetime childlessness. The level of education, employment status and place of residence are the variables that showed a significant relationship with the probability of childlessness among the studied women. Although the prevalence of lifelong childlessness in the studied population is at a relatively low level, planning in order to improve the employment status and place of residence, especially among young households, can prevent the increase in childlessness in the future. .

the wide scope of crisis and social , economic and cultural damages in the neighborhood " around the importance of studying the phenomenon of women 's security and representation of their experiences of insecurity is necessary .the analysis of the narratives of women about the security and social factors of their lived experience and their various aspects of the issue of insecurity among the marginalized women is the subject of this study .this research with approach and in paradigm seeks to recognize the social world of actors and their construction of security and phenomenology of insecurity ; that is , understanding , interpretation and representation of the phenomenon of security in subjects and people involved in this event have been studied .the sampling of this research is based on purposive sampling and the researcher has interviewed 29 women of women between 16 to 65 years of lived experience with lived experience in deep and semi - structured interviews .in this study , we tried to select subjects with maximum diversity in demographic characteristics such as age , sex , employment status , education , marital status and children .thematic analysis was performed by thematic method .the findings indicate that there are a variety of including : insecurity in social , sexual , criminal , family , law enforcement , economic , food , psychological , , urban , environment - health , health and treatment , health and treatment , interactions and feeling insecure toward the future .

The present study seeks to understand the generational changes and interactions between the two generations 40 and 70 based on their lived experience. In recent decades, due to changes in the socio-cultural structure of society, there is a favorable environment for changes in the values and attitudes of Iranian society. The theoretical perspective (lens) in the present study is based on the views of thinkers on generational differences and value changes of generations. The research method is qualitative and interpretive phenomenological, based on which 20 women in their 40s and 20 girls in the 70s were interviewed through purposive sampling method and the data were thematic analyzed. Were analyzed and interpreted. The results show that these two generations have very different and sometimes contradictory life experiences in relation to themes such as: Iranian culture, religion, modern, traditional lifestyle and modern lifestyle. In sum, the generation of the 40s is based on the values and beliefs of the traditional world, and the generation of the 70s is based on the values and beliefs of the modern world.

The accelerated growth within the elderly population in recent decades has attracted the attention of many experts.This phenomenon has associated with different challenges .The present study was carried out aimed to get acquainted with the life experience of the elderly and achieve well-being by age groups that are on the path to old age.three main questions were raised in this study, description of the aging experience.the difference between the experiences of men and women and the impact of urbanization on the experience of aging.The present study is considered as a qualitative research and was performed by phenomenological method. The number of participants in the study was 32 and the data were collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi technique.The main categories obtained from questions are:common physical illnesses, Common mental illnesses, dietary pattern, sleep disorder, economic-livelihood status, elderly needs, misbehavior, description of the aging experience, nursing home, daily behavior and entering old age.economic status, different lifestyles and the most important social problems for men and women, intensification of social isolation, health care services. problems of outdoor and open spaces.some elderly people had experienced this stage with satisfaction, and the experience of some is associated with numerous problems.This difference in experience is affected by different encounters with economic, social, cultural, health issues and so on. Among these, there is a significant difference between men's and women's experiences of old age.some of the results are consistent with generational stock theory,

Like rural entrepreneurship, agricultural entrepreneurship with its many benefits and benefits can be a factor in the ability and improved quality of rural women. However, women, and especially rural women, have many challenges and inequality, although they have shaped half of the community to participate in agricultural entrepreneurship activities. Therefore, the present study, as an applied research, seeks to examine the challenges of rural women's participation in agricultural entrepreneurship activities. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and is part of the quality method. The data collection tool has been structured interview. The statistical population includes female business managers and female entrepreneurs in Khorramabad. Injuries were selected for interviews as an irrational, purposeful and theoretical ghost of 15 female entrepreneurs. Qualitative analysis and interview coding with Max Kioda software were used for data analysis and information. The results of the research on the challenges of rural women's participation in agricultural entrepreneurship activities using coding leading to identifying 42 concepts in open coding, 22 pivotal categories and sub -challenges in the form of core coding, 4 main challenges and challenges in The coding template was selected. Based on coding the challenges of rural women participation in agricultural entrepreneurship activities include 4 general challenges 1) economic/ financial challenges, 2) cultural-social