نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 62، بهار 1402)

Introduction & Objective

Traumatic bloat (TRP) is a common disease of cattle that is caused by the performance of the digestive, feeding and reproductive systems of ruminants. Rumination of the rumen by sharp external objects in the animal's diet, following the physiological contractions of the rumen and rumen before and after rumination, often leads to peritonitis and can cause involvement of other organs as well. This disease in cattle is of great economic importance due to the decrease in production and high death rate. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the possibility of presence external bodies and their types in seemingly healthy cattle for slaughter in Khorramabad slaughterhouse.

In order to carry out this study from February 2014 to May of 2014, a total of 40 times were made to Golshan Khorramabad industrial slaughterhouse and the study was done on 2400 slaughtered (male and female). In each case, except for registering the sex, the age of the animal was determined from the dental formula and based on this, animals were divided into 4 age groups (under 2 years, 2-4 years, 4-6 years and top of 6 years old).

Adhesion of reticular was observed in 896 under reviewed Cows. Statistical analysis shows differences between two sexes and different age groups of adhesion existence (p<0.01). There were external objects in rumen and reticulum of 1500 cows (%62.5), while 186 pieces metal external objects had perforated wall of reticulum of 165 cows.

Regarding the presence of external objects, A significant statistical difference was observed between the two sexes and different age groups (p<0.01). Also, relationship between adherence and presence of external objects in under reviewed Cows was meaningful (p<0.01).

Barberries are well known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The extract of this fruit may help accelerate epithelial tissue recovery; therefore, it could be considered as a potential substitute for synthetic medications. The current study aims to examine the impact of barberries hydro-alcoholic extract on open wound healing pathologic parameters and macroscopic size.

An incision was made in the lumbar region of twelve male rats under anesthesia. They were subsequently divided into treatment and control groups (n=6, each) and were treated with hydro-alcoholic extract of barberries-mixed with eucerin oil, and eucerin oil respectively for twenty-one days; i.e., once every 12 hours. In order to evaluate macroscopic changes in wounds, all rats were photographed daily. Furthermore, pathologic samples were obtained on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days to investigate the parameters affecting wound healing.

The findings show that applying 150 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of barberries has a significant effect on open wound healing in rats. The extract boosted angiogenesis, granulation tissue, epithelial thickness, fibroblast cells, and collagen production in the treatment group while dramatically reducing the macroscopic scar size and epithelial gap. Eventually, the healing skin was thoroughly replaced by normal skin tissue.

Hydro-alcoholic extract of barberries (Berberis vulgaris) significantly accelerates the healing process of open wounds in male rats.

Studies suggest that haloperidol has anti-psychotic effects through the inhibition of dopamine receptors in the nervous system. Morus alba L. leaf extract is also known as an herbal medicine with dopamine blocking effect similar to haloperidol. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of haloperidol and Morus alba L. leaf extract on steroid hormones and ovarian tissue ultrastructure in adult Trichogaster trichopterus fish.

120 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus adult female fish were obtained from the ornamental fish breeding workshop in Qazvin, and after preparing the aquariums, they were divided into 8 intact control groups and solvent control groups, and three groups of doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 2. 0 mg/kg of haloperidol drug and three groups of doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of Morus alba L. leaf ethanol extract. Injections were done 10 times and every other day in a period of 20 days in the amount of 0.02 ml in the muscle between the dorsal fin and the lateral line of the fish. At the end of euthanasia of the fish, gonadosomatic index, steroid hormones and the ultrastructure of ovarian tissue were investigated in the treatment and control groups.

Haloperidol drug in all doses caused a significant decrease in gonadosomatic index, 17-beta estradiol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone hormones (P<0.05) and had no significant effect on testosterone hormone (P>0.05). While white mulberry leaf extract increased gonadosomatic index and steroid hormones (P<0.05).

By increasing the dose of haloperidol, the level of gonadosomatic index and beta-estradiol decreased, but these effects were not dose-dependent. Also, the administration of , Morus alba L leaf ethanolic extract showed a less harmful effect on the level of sex hormones and gonadosomatic index than haloperidol. Nevertheless, it seems that the dose of 50-200 mg/kg is not sufficient and appropriate dose to observe the sexual effects of mulberry leaf plant and it is better to prescribe higher doses so that the dose-dependent effects can be observed better by increasing the concentration of flavonoids.

The opioidergic system and its different receptors play an important role in the central control of food intake in birds. On the other hand, the decreasing effect of oxytocin on food intake of birds has been observed. The present study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effects of oxytocin with opioid receptors on food intake in neonatal layer chickens.

In this study, three experiments were designed, so that each experiment included one control group and three treatment groups. In all groups, birds received intracerebroventricular injection of diluent solution or drug solution after 3 hours of food deprivation. In the first experiment, normal saline, oxytocin(0.16 nmol), DAMGO(62.5 picomol) (agonist of mu-opioid receptors) and oxytocin plus DAMGO were injected. The other experiments were conducted as experiment 1, but instead of DAMGO, DPDPE (20 nmol)(agonist of delta opioid receptors) in the experiment 2 and U-50488H (10 nmol)(agonist of kappa opioid receptors) in experiment 3 were injected either alone or in combination with oxytocin. After the injection, water and food were freely available to the birds and then cumulative food intake (gr) was measured based on the ‎percentage of the body weight.

The results of the present study showed that sub effective dose injection of oxytocin plus DAMGO significantly reduced food intake in layer chickens (P<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, there is probably a synergistic effect between oxytocin with mu-opioid receptors agonist on food intake control of neonatal layer chicks.

Gastric cancer is the sixth most frequent malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world with poor survival rate. Early detection may increase patient’s survival and reduce mortality. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which function as negative regulators of genes expression in post-transcriptional level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-34a and miR-375 in the plasma of gastric cancer patients in Guilan province.Methods and materials: In this study, 25 gastric cancer patients and 25 healthy individuals in Guilan province during 2018-2019 were enrolled. The expression of miR-34a and miR-375 was evaluated in plasma of patients with Gastric cancer and healthy individuals by Q-RT-PCR method. The correlation between their expression and patient’s clinicopathological characteristics was also investigated. ROC curve analysis of the miRNAs was performed.

There was no significant difference in the plasma level of miR-34a and miR-375 in gastric cancer patients compared to control. There was no significant difference between the the plasma level of miR-34a and miR-375 and clinicopathological features of patients. Area under the curve (AUC) value of ROC analysis for miR-34a was 0.56±0.08 (P=0.42). Area under the curve (AUC) value of ROC analysis for miR-375 was 0.62±0.08 (P=0.14).

Our results suggested that miR-34a and miR-375 probably don’t be appropriate biomarkers for diagnosis of gastric cancer in Guilan province.

Wound healing is a complex programmed sequence of cellular and molecular processes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of earthworm’s hydro-alcoholic body extract (EBE) to heal the experimental skin wound in goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio).

Fish (independent triplicate, 14/group), for 14 days, were divided into 5 groups 1) negative control (Unwounded); 2) pseudo-control (sham): wound treated with EBE carrier (mixture of castor oil and white vaseline); 3) Positive control: wound treated with sodium phenytoin 1%; 4) 1 mg/gr EBE-treated wound, 5) 10 mg/gr EBE-treated wound. In this study, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and collagen turnover (Hydroxyproline content) in the skin, along with determination of lysozyme activity in blood sera were carried out.

In fish in group 4 (1 mg/gr EBE-treated wound), an increase in the epithelium diameter, good presence and appropriate synthesis of collagen with and low edema in dermis; increased hydroxyproline content; and elevated blood lysozyme activity were observed comparing to other groups.

Our results revealed that application of 1 mg/gr EBE might be as an effective medicinal material in the process of animal wound healing particularly in aquatics.

Backgroung & Buffalo has a special role in the economy of more than forty countries and theirs numbers and distributions is growing every year. The tympanic membrane is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology. There is no anatomical and morphometrical research performed on this organ in buffalo. For this study 8 heads of  male and female buffalo were purchased from slaughterhouse and their tympanic membrane were studied anatomical and morphologically.  The anatomical results showed tympanic membrane was elliptical and white to pink white. Pars flaccida of tympanic membrane was small and triangle and in some cases was rectangle, in addition pars tensa of tympanic membrane was large and oval shape. The average measurement  of parameters showed the size of tympanic membrane in female is larger than male, and right side also was larger than left side. Statistical analysis Tukey showed these differences were not significant (p≤0/05).  The results of this research can be used as the basic knowledge in clinical research for buffalo.

Understanding how aerobic exercise with herbal supplements can cause structural changes in the heart could lead to the development of new treatments to improve heart health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with stevia herbal supplement on heart tissue structure in obese rats.

To implementation of this experimental research, 25 male wistar rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults’ obese male rats) were divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. Aerobic training was performed. Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks. The dose of stevia was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight in gavage. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. Cardiac tissue sections were studied by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The changes of heart tissue, Muscle cells, necrosis, inflammation and hyperemia were assessed, the severity and degree of these changes were performed based on microscopic and photomicrographs observations.

The results showed that in obese rat’s pathological changes of heart muscle and heart cells were observed in comparison with the control group. Aerobic training, consumption of stevia herbal supplement and aerobic training with consumption of stevia herbal supplement were associated with improvement of tissue and cellular changes in heart tissue.

the present intervention can probably have benefits for the structure of heart tissue during obesity.

Background & Starch is one of the important energy producing components in food rations. The type of starch present in grains is different in terms of digestibility, energy production and adhesion in the intestine. Since in the food rations used by poultry, different food sources are used in order to provide the required energy, therefore the energy provided can also be variable. In the present experiment, the effects of using grain seeds, soft wheat and durum wheat as sources of energy supply and its effect on the performance, characteristics of the digestive system and the composition of feces of broiler chickens were evaluated.
Materials & In order to investigate the effects of corn, soft wheat and durum wheat based diets with and without enzymes on performance, carcass traits, digestive system weight, protein and feces moisture of broiler chickens, out of 480 pieces of Ras-308 broiler chickens, in A 2*5 factorial experiment with 10 diets including (maize-based diet, 15 and 30% soft wheat, 15 and 30% durum wheat) and two enzyme levels (zero and 0.05% of diet) in the form of a completely randomized design with 10 Treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicken were used in each replicate.
   The results showed that the type of diet and enzyme had no significant effect on performance (P<0.05). 30% of durum wheat increased breast percentage (P<0.05). Feeding birds with diet containing enzyme increased the percentage of carcasses and decreased the percentage of stone (P<0.05). The use of enzyme in the rations decreased the protein excretion and the lowest amount of stool protein was obtained with the ration containing 30% soft wheat and enzyme. Stool moisture and digestive tract characteristics were not affected by the type of diet and enzyme used (P<0.05). The use of different diets did not have significant effects on performance, but the use of 30% durum wheat and enzyme can have positive effects on carcass traits.

In obese people, the expression level of interleukin 1 beta is higher, so that the expression level of interleukin 1 beta has a direct positive relationship with the level of body mass index and fat mass. The present study aimed to determine the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of cinnamon extract and high-fat food on the expression of interleukin-1 beta gene in the adipose tissue of male rats fed with a high-fat diet using two-month-old male Wistar rats. 50 two-month-old male rats were divided into five control groups, high-fat diet, cinnamon extract and high-fat diet, aerobic exercise and high-fat diet, and aerobic exercise and cinnamon extract and high-fat diet after two weeks of keeping under controlled conditions. were divided Cinnamon extract at the rate of 200 mg per kilogram of body weight and emulsion of high-fat food in excess of water and normal rodent food daily at the rate of 1.5 mg per kilogram of body weight were given by gavage for six weeks. became. The exercise group participated in an aerobic exercise program on a treadmill five days a week for six weeks. The mean of the research variables among the groups (except the control group) were compared with one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests in order to determine the differences between the groups. The mean of the research variables among each group was compared with the control group with the purpose of determining intra-group differences, with the one-sample t-test at a significance level of p ≥ 0.05. The difference in body weight and fat tissue weight was significant among all groups. The difference between the variable averages of interleukin-1 beta in adipose tissue of male rats fed with high-fat diet after six weeks of aerobic exercise, consumption of cinnamon extract and high-fat food was significant. It seems that the effects of high-fat diet, combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise, combination of high-fat diet and cinnamon and combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise and cinnamon on interleukin-1 beta variable in adipose tissue are significant and significant. to have