نشریه پژوهش های علوم کشاورزی پایدار
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1402)

Medicinal plants and their products have gained a special value and position in recent years due to factors such as high economic value and low cost of their production. This research was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 8 treatments (Golder 5 and 10%, Kalpura 5 and 10%, Dermene 5 and 10%, Golder 5% + Kalpore 5% + Dermene 5% and custom of the region (control). It was performed in Kahnuj, Kerman province. The results showed that the maximum fresh and dry weight of the plant was observed in the control treatment (1150 and 200 grams). The highest yield and marketable yield per hectare (53.8 and 44.7 tons), firmness (4.40 kg/cm2), chlorophyll a, b and total and leaf carotenoids (25.3, 95. 4, 30.2 and 4.36 mg) as well as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll of the whole fruit (0.208 and 0.210 mg) were related to Golder 5 + Calpore 5 + Dermene 5 treatment. The maximum number of fruits per plant (35.7) was observed in Dermene 5% treatment, fruit length (5.84 cm) in Dermene 10% treatment and fruit diameter (5.84 cm) in Golder 10% treatment. According to the obtained results, the combined treatment of the extracts of the medicinal plants Goldar, Calpura, and Dermena resulted in the highest yield, yield components, and fruit quality at the time of harvest.

Rosa damascena is one of the significant Rosa flower in all over the world and one of the famous plant in horticulture history. Rosa flowers will harvest from the first of Ordibehesht to the end of Khordad before rising sun and in the cool air of morning. In the current research, a portable machine for flower harvesting designed and developed. This machine contains a cutter, suction pipe, fuel motor, frame, backpack and a cyclone separator. All components of the machine including the motor and the cyclone separator are assembled on frame and transported by workers. Flower cut exactly under the receptacle by a reciprocating cutter and sucked to the flexible pipe by the fuel motor and after that transferred to a cyclone separator. Finally, flower is collected in a canvas bag installed at the end of cyclone. Evaluation of the machine was done using completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications in the flower plain of Lizangan from Darab. The treatments were the revolution of motor shaft in three levels of 900, 1200 and 1500 rpm. The parameters including fuel consumption and harvesting period time in every treatment were measured. The control treatment was considered traditional flower harvesting by hand. Based on the evaluation results, increasing the rpm of motor was caused to increase fuel consumption and decrease the net harvesting period time. Also, harvesting time at maximum revolution of motor was decreased in comparison with hand harvesting.

Crops growth simulation models are important tools for evaluating effects yield of crops. One of these models is the AquaCrop model. This model can simulate productivity, yield, water requarment and water use efficiency undr condition of water limitation. research was carried out in order to simulation of some paremeters of crops growth undr condition of different water regimes on wheat (Hamoon varyity)in Sistan region at 2020-21 In this research climate, soil characteristics, plant characteristics and crop cultivation management are from major inputs for model. Place situation, climatic data, soil data, management data are necessary data and information for running model of AquaCrop. After gathering data, simulation of potential yield, attainable yield and yield gap determination of wheat was done with AquaCrop model. Region wheat farms actual yield obtained from Zabol Agriculture Researches Center. results of simulation by AquaCrop model showed that model simulates biomass and seed yield well. results of research showed that potential yield (yield simulated by model in optimum condition), available yield (yield obtained in field experiments in optimum condition of management) and actual yield (yield average obtained by region farmers) was equal to 5830, 3640 and 2750 kg/ha respectively. Between limited and decreased factors under study was determined that irrigation is the most important limited factor of wheat yield in region Management factors were introduced as the second limited factor of yield. So that led to decrease of 15.2% wheat yield relation to potential yield. At the last can to recognize effective factors in yield gap, and optimizing them, can fill this wheat yield gap in region.

The energy balance of greenhouse cucumbers was calculated during a research in the east of Tehran province for one year (2016-2017). The results showed that the size of greenhouses is very influential in the energy balance, so that in large-scale greenhouses, electricity consumption has the largest share of input energy with 43.2%, but in medium-scale greenhouses, this amount is only 34.7% and Small scale is 1.32% of the input energy and it is next in the consumption of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) which share of this factor in large, medium and small scale greenhouses is 15.9%, 18.9%, and 20% of the input energy respectively. Input and output energy also change significantly with the size of greenhouses, so that in large, medium and small scale greenhouses, these values are equal to (325,222 and 173,136 MJ/ha), (231,802 and 147,801 MJ/ha), and (210,491 and 133,040 MJ/ha) respectively. After this the energy balance of large-scale greenhouses was calculated as 0.532, medium-scale 0.638 and small-scale 0.632. , produced the lowest possible yield, which is the reason for the inefficiency of this level of cultivation. After that, the energy balance of large-scale greenhouses was calculated as 0.532, medium-scale 0.638, and small-scale 0.632. Meanwhile, large-scale greenhouses produced the lowest possible yield by spending the most input energy, which is the reason for inefficiency. This is the level of cultivation.

Providing new solutions to control wet waste is one of the most important issues in maintaining public health. A good solution in order to manage of food waste for benefits of environmental, economic and agriculture is drying. Drying will reduce waste and increase preservation by reducing moisture. In this regard, two types of methods for drying food waste with conventional tray pattern, and tray with Central and lateral airflow pattern in cabinet dryer were studied. The effect of three temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ° C and three velocities 1, 1.5 and 2 m / s with thickness of 3 cm on the energy consumption were investigated. In addition, drying kinetics and drying intensity diagrams were extracted. The results showed that the in the central and lateral airflow pattern, temperature is an important factor that affects in the drying of food waste. The energy consumption in the tray with central and lateral airflow pattern is more than the conventional tray pattern.

In order to evaluate the stability of the performance of lentil ecotypes in Qazvin province, an experiment in the form of a randomized blocks design was carried out in six planting dates with three replications at the soil and water conservation research station of Tehran University in Kohin rainfed lands. The results of composite variance analysis showed a significant difference between the environments, genotypes and the genotype × environment interaction. The results of parametric statistics analysis showed that According to the berhart and Russell method, the Pardis green genotype with the highest yield and line slope has special adaptability to Autumn planting, and the FILIP 2004-31L genotype with a line slope close to one was a desirable and stable genotype. Based on Rick's equivalence and stability variance of Shukla, FILIP 2004-31L genotype was the most stable and Sabz Pardis were the most unstable genotype .According to Plaisted Peterson parameters θᵢ, genotypes 7, 14, 5, and 6 with the lowest amount of θᵢ are more stable and in terms parameter Plaisted θ₍ᵢ₎ and genotypes 7, 14, 5,and 6 are more stable with the highest amount of GE variance. Also, according to Francis and Kanenberg CVi parameter, genotypes with low coefficient of variation of environmental variance (EV) and Average high yield seems to be the most desirable. Genotypes 4, 1, and 8 are more stable. In total, genotype 7 having a low regression deviation bi=1.04, Rick's equivalence (Wi2), and Romero's environmental variance, Peterson's plastid θᵢ is low and relatively favorable performance is considered as a stable genotype.

What is aimed in this research is to determine that are forecasts in years relatively high-price trend and low-price trend affected and smoothed according to the monthly potato and tomato prices? The analysis and forecasting of prices in harvesting seasons of two products are implemented by “t” test and linear regression during 1996-2021. The results have showed significant forecasts for years with normal and high price levels meanwhile the research assumption of forecasting of the price trend has been approved more for potato in a high price level. The results of this research and similar cases can be used to forecast prices for production management of such crops, market regulation and consumers’ welfare of country in different seasons of the year. In case of extra supply with decreasing price level or lack of production with increasing price level one of approaches is to present template and compulsory cultivation in accordance with competitive advantages in provinces and different regions