فصلنامه علوم خبری
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1401)

The structural penetration of written media, thanks to Gutenberg's completion of the printing industry from Europe, on the world's newspapers and press, is an undeniable issue. Based on the researches and findings of Persian written media experts, especially the geographical area of Iran, Tajikistan, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, parts of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, etc., where the Persian language is the center of their verbal communication, the historical impact of the press The Farsi of the Indian subcontinent (Akhbarat) is determined and proved by the layout and morphology of their Persian newspapers, and it is a clear example of those newspapers during the constitutional period until several decades after that. "Abdul Hossein Sepanta", an Iranian thinker, journalist, poet, writer, writer, historian, researcher, translator and artist, whose title is known in the public opinion with the film "Ler's Girl", plays a significant role in the context of media interactions between India. And Iran has created a scholar and has exerted a penetrating influence on the common patterns of content, arrangement, theme and form of contemporary newspapers. This research, while referring to some well-argued passages about the influence of the Persian-language press of the subcontinent on Iranian Persian newspapers, explains the biography of Spanta's media and press career and his achievements.

This article aims to examine the first Persian texts in the field of journalism. The beginning of Iran's journalism career during the time of Mohammad Shah Qajar along with the publication "Kaghaz Akhbar" and the efforts of its founder, "Mirza Saleh Shirazi". Before Mirza Saleh newspaper and his efforts in this field, left texts, however brief, to introduce the newspaper and journalism in Persian language, however, their efforts were less noticed and appreciated by the public. The travelogue "Tohfat-al-alam" written by "Mir abdul-latif khan shoushtari" and the travelogue "Masir talebi" written by "Mirza abutaleb khan isfahani" are among these neglected texts. In this article, we posing two questions: 1. What is the importance of Tohfat-al-alam and Path of Talebi books in the social and cultural context of our time? 2. From the point of view of journalism and media science, what are the outstanding and significant points of Tohfat-al-alam and Masir talebi?

with a historical-descriptive approach and descriptive/analytical bibliographic method.

The results of the article show that the two examined texts are very important for Persian speakers Because they were written at a time when the concept of newspaper and press was still unknown in Iran from the point of view of introducing "journalistic methods" and also from.

Finally, the article suggests that these texts should be revised and re-read at the educational levels of journalism. Also, the importance of examining historical texts for a better understanding of the evolution and evolution of journalism in Iran is one of the results of the forward-looking research.

One of the most important newspapers published in Guilan was the "Jangal" newspaper, which, while reflecting military news and announcements of the Jangal movement, was considered as its spokesperson. In this newspaper, the most important news related to the forest movement, telegrams and reports of incidents in Guilan and other parts of the world were published. In the years 1294 to 1300, "Jengal" newspaper emerged as a leading publication in the expression of political and social freedoms in the media space of Iran. Therefore, its study, in addition to understanding the thoughts and opinions of the leaders of the Jungle Movement, gives a clear picture of the political and social situation of that period of Iran's history. In this study, an attempt will be made to explain and analyze the most important components and themes of "Jangal" newspaper while examining its content, and to answer the question, "What were the most important components and themes of "Jangal" newspaper and the degree of compliance How much was it from the newly approved press law (1326 AH/18 Bahman 1286)? Seeking justice, patriotism, xenophobia, protest against the government of the time, incitement to revolt against oppression, nationalist and patriotic concerns are among the components and themes reflected in "Jangal" newspaper. Is. The review and analysis of the contents of "Jangal" newspaper shows that what made it possible to express these components and themes against the central government is the lack of executive guarantee for the press law.

The study and analysis of the developments in the Baltic region indicates that Russia, in addition to the traditional means of economic and military pressure, gradually uses soft power tools in the framework of the strategy to legitimize its interests in the Soviet Union environment of cognitive warfare has expanded. as a result; The large Russian-speaking minority is capable of being an effective actor in directing the Kremlin's ambiguous and hostile policies.Russia's basic goal of providing tools of this type of power is based on the research and recommendations of thinkers such as Joseph Nye, Primakov's doctrine and Gerasimov's theory, and for this reason;The following article tries to analyze and qualitatively analyze general and common scientific methods such as: inference, comparison, simile, description, explanation and combination and take advantage of key indicators such as; To present the key role of social media, public and private organizations and institutions, diplomacy, ideology, law and economics in the toolbox of cognitive warfare, therefore, in this article, an insight into the nature of Russia's power of deception and obfuscation is provided, while at the same time it tries to achieve real benefits. The Russian Federation should be discussed further in the next parts of the research.Now, in stating the main problem and challenge of this research, we can say; Soft power has given clear legitimacy to the multiple interests of Russia in the -Soviet Union space and is trying to get the necessary concessions from the actors and targets by using special tools and measures in this direction. In the following; It is likely that the advantage of such influence would lead to effective and serious opposition to the United States among other societies and governments, similar to Russia.

As one of the pillars of information and one of the most effective mass media, the press plays a decisive role in the political and social developments of countries. In the contemporary history of Iran, the press has a prominent position. Bandar Bushehr is one of the leading cities in the field of press, journalism and news writing. The role of the press in this city has been very important in providing intellectual and cultural grounds for the constitutional movement. This study was compiled with the aim of investigating and analyzing the role of Bushehr press in providing the intellectual and social grounds of the constitutional movement.

The research method used in this study is the documentary and library method, which has been tried to use authentic and first class documents.

The results show that the newspapers printed in Bushehr port were closely related to the press in exile such as Habal Al Matin in India and its publication was not limited to this port but was published on a trans-regional scale. Also, dealing with the issue of women, patriotism and global developments such as the Russo-Japanese War, and at the same time being sensitive to the news and events that happened in this country on a national scale are among the features of this press like Mozaffari newspaper.

The newspaper and press in Bushehr port, like other modern elements, flourished in connection with the process of modernism and colonial countries such as England, but at the very beginning, it defined its identity by confronting colonialism and tyranny. This press has played an effective role in leading different sections of society, including women, to participate in political and social life. According to researchers, Mozaffari newspaper should be considered the most important and advanced revolutionary, freedom-loving and anti-British newspaper throughout the constitutional era.

evasion of the law is one of the most important social problems in all civil societies, which are searching for solutions to solve such an important problem. This is because the life and survival of any society depends on the existence of order, and order will not be achieved except through legality; Therefore, the first step for creating a healthy and law-oriented society is to establish up-to-date laws that are compatible with the needs of the members of the society. The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes and social factors of lawlessness among the youth of Isfahan city and examines its relationship with having friends and family who are lawless, sense of distributive justice, social trust and social control.

The method used in this research was a survey method. The statistical population of the research is all young citizens aged 18 to 29 in Isfahan city. Cochran's formula was used, and 390 people were selected from multi-stage random sampling under the title of sample. The tool for collecting data on the variable of illegality is a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, in order to determine its validity, face validity has been used, and to determine its reliability, the internal consistency method has been used using Cronbach's alpha method.

The descriptive findings of the research also showed that the level of lawlessness among young people is significantly high. It must be said that it seems that the first step, i.e. the establishment of effective laws suitable to the conditions of the society, has not been done properly. It should be kept in mind that in this research, an attempt has been made to pay attention to the prevention mechanisms of lawlessness, that the commission of a crime is a combination of three factors: 1- a motivated criminal, 2- a favorable situation, and 3- the environment and circumstances were suitable. Therefore, it is better that the 3 mentioned factors, i.e. the necessary measures, should be directed at the person who is a potential perpetrator with the intention of lowering the motivation or opinion on Sibel or the victim in order to reduce the criminal areas with the surrounding environment with the aim of making the preparations for committing the crime inconsistent. be

Lawlessness, which is a social problem that is harmful to the health of the society, is caused by the non-compliance of individuals, the non-compliance that governs the relationship between the individual and the society. Such incompatibilities, which themselves were the result of various factors, both micro and macro, and this in itself is a reason for the weakening of social solidarity and cohesion, endangering social unity and ultimately creating and ruling anomic conditions for the society. slow: