نشریه تامین اجتماعی
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 65، پاییز 1401)

The object of this research is to monitor the discourse and representation of “general policies of social security” in the content of Iranian media (websites and press (in order to find out the amount of debates raised about this policies and to provide a model for creating, promoting and the continuation of the discourse governing the “general policies of social security” in the society.

The methodology of research is "rational" and its "method" is "qualitative content analysis" and referring to a “scientific rule of delimitation of research", we tried to monitor the "general policies of social security" in the press and websites. For this purpose, firstly, we analyzed more than 50 notes, interviews and articles، published in the press and websites (written content) from the time the policies were announced on 2022-04-10 to 2022-09-06, then Using the mentioned method and "thematic coding tool", "ordered conceptual layers" have been produced and analyzed.

 The results of this study show that "general social security policies" were at the focus of the media at the beginning of the announcement and until the middle of July 2022, various contents were published in this regard, but from the second half of July and August and September, The number of contents and their volume has been reduced. In the published contents, mainly topics such as "celebration of general policies", "their effect on the social security organization", "social justice", "and multi-tiered social security", "family and childbearing" and "overdue debts of the government to Social Security Organization"; which are left over from the past years, have been raised. The main sources of publishing contents were speeches or interviews of the officials of "Social Security Organization" and "Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare". The other pension funds have played a minor role in mediating and producing general policy discourse. Also, in this research, a model for "the method of producing, strengthening and continuing the discourse of general social security policies" is presented; which can be used to monitor the mentioned discourse, adjust and direct its size as necessary and sufficient.

Due to the importance of medical fraud and general malpractice in the Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), this study was conducted with the aim of designing a model to deal with medical fraud and malpractice in the ISSO (prevention, detection and treatment).
This research is a combined study via a qualitative-quantitative method, which was conducted in three stages as follows:The first stage: comparative study, examining the documents of other countries on how to identify, prevent, address and deal with all kinds of fraud and violations in the field of medicine and health insurance; The second stage: qualitative stage, the purpose of this stage of the research was to fulfill the second to fourth objectives of this study. This part of research is a qualitative study that was conducted using semi-structured interviews; The third stage: Quantitative phase: providing a model and suggested solutions to control fraud and violations in the Iranian Social Security Organization
  In relation to the first stage based on the article review checklist and the research protocol, 31 articles were selected with the following fields:Classification and definition of medical fraud and malpractice (9 articles);
Methods of discovering and identifying medical fraud and malpractice (18 articles);
Methods of preventing medical fraud and malpractice (13 articles);
Methods of addressing fraud and medical malpractice (9 articles);
Regarding the second stage, cultural issues (2 activities), empowerment (3 activities), regulatory issues (4 activities), technology (4 activities), insurance laws (4 activities), and structural issues (4 activities), have made the general framework of addressing fraud and medical malpractice in health insurance of Iran.
As regards the third stage, the final model, creation of receivers and service providers, modification and updating of the control system, and modification and updating of performance factors were validated during two Delphi rounds.
In general, the final summary indicates that the cooperative management of the government as a trustee with the ISSO in the matter of tariff setting and thus, increasing the supervisory power of the insurance organization by determining precise and measurable indicators. Taking for the purpose of performance evaluation can greatly reduce fraud and medical malpractice.

Taking benefit from complementary health insurance coverage makes healthcare services affordable and helps people to use such services properly. In other words, being covered by complementary health insurance is important, because coverage helps people get timely medical care and improves their lives and health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of employees' attitude and perception on their complementary health insurance behavior. The present study is practical in nature and is considered as a descriptive-exploratory correlation study. The required data were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is the employees of the public and private sectors in Tehran. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses and analyze the data. Based on the findings of this research, the variables of attitude and perception have a positive and significant effect on the employees' complementary health insurance behavior (variables of necessity of health insurance, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post purchase). Also, the effects of 7 demographic variables (gender, age, education, type of organization, income, marital status and household size) on the necessity of purchasing the complementary health insurance and the level of satisfaction of people with this type of insurance were studied. The results showed some of these variables, for example age, are effective.    According to research findings, the more people's attitude and perception towards complementary health insurance improves and strengthens, the more we can witness the growth and development of such insurance at the community level.

This study examines the factors affecting the employment of cooperatives in Iran. The importance of cooperatives in the economy is so great that even the principle of Article 44 of the Constitution of Iran emphasizes the support and use of its capacities.Purpose and In this research, using spatial econometric models, factors affecting the employment of cooperatives in the country are investigated. After performing Moran's, Hausman's and Langrage coefficient tests, the effect of cooperative investment variables, inflation index, wages on the employment status of cooperatives have been investigated using the SDM space Durban model. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of cooperative investment, and the inflation index is on employment. Also, based on the estimated model, the increase in wages in other provinces leads to a negative and significant effect in province i, in such a way that with the increase in the wages of the cooperative sector in other provinces, cooperative employment in province i also decreases like the direct effects of the decrease.In the final part of this study, due to the importance of the policies announced by the leadership, the effect of cooperative employment on the improvement of the Iranian Social Security Organization's insurance resources is estimated and investigated using the OLS method. The results show a positive coefficient smaller than one for the employment of cooperatives, which indicates that although the effect of employment on insurance resources is positive, insurance resources increase less than the employment of cooperatives.

Changes in pension policies in the world as a result of financial instability in pension funds are common in recent years. The social security pension fund is not exempt from this phenomenon and according to the statistics, it is facing the problem of financial instability. The low retirement age and the generous formula for determining the pension, emphasize the need for parameter reforms in the short term.

The purpose of this research is to present the optimal strategy of parametric reforms and to investigate the effect of reducing the replacement rate on the optimal values ​​of the contribution rate and the normal retirement age in the framework of Automatic Balancing Mechanisms models. The analysis and evaluation of data has been done based on the optimization results of the nonlinear model in the MATLAB software environment using the genetic algorithm.

The findings of the research indicate that the financial stability of the social security fund depends on a 9% increase in the contribution rate and an increase in the normal retirement age of men and women by 5.02 years in the next 20 years. Adopting the policy of reforming the contribution rate and retirement age along with a 10% reduction in the replacement rate can slow down the process of increasing the insurance contribution rate and retirement age by improving the liquidity of the fund. Thus, the contribution rate increases up to 8% and the retirement age up to 3.87 years.

Crime prevention was accepted by the governments after the ineffectiveness of criminal methods, and accordingly, proper planning by countries, including our country, has become common in this regard. The governments track the crime prevention by delegating authority in accordance with the description of the duties of the organizations. Accordingly, the Social Security Organization contributes to crime prevention by implementing its programs in controlling crime and social harm. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to explain the role of social security in crime prevention.
The method in this article is analytical-descriptive of a qualitative type and the data collection method is in the form of the library study, which includes written sources including laws, books, etc., after collecting the materials, it is analyzed and the analysis of these cases has been discussed.
According to the findings, social security services are provided in three areas: 1- insurance services, 2- support and rehabilitation services, and 3- relief services. These services are very effective in preventing the occurrence of the roots of crimes such as poverty, unemployment, etc.
Social Security Institutions can adjust their programs with a new approach aiming at reducing the occurrence of crimes through signing a memorandum of understanding with other organizations, which can be more efficient than in the past and take advantage of the existing capacity in order to prevent the occurrence of crimes.