نشریه آموزش و ارزشیابی
پیاپی 61 (بهار 1402)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of psycho-social empowerment of students on their engagement and academic resilience in the Osku region. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the current study includes female students of Osku high schools. The sample size includes 50 students (with low performance) who were selected using the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 25 students. First, both groups answered the questionnaires including Christiana Academic Conflict, the reliability of which was 0.86 using Cronbach's alpha, and the Connor and Davidson resilience. Then the experimental group was trained in psycho-social skills. The package of psycho-social skills training included 8 sessions of 90 minutes, after the implementation of the program, two groups were tested for academic engagement and resilience. The research findings showed that according to the obtained results (F=7.08, df=1 P<0.05) when the pre-test effect is eliminated from the post-test results of the groups, the difference between the groups (of Resilience opinion) is critical at a significance level of 99% confidence and psycho-social skills training is effective in increasing resilience. Also, according to the results (F=23.33, df=1, P<0/05), when the pre-test effect is ignored from the post-test outcomes of the groups, the difference between the groups (in terms of academic involvement) in the level significance is 99% confidence. And teaching psycho-social skills are effective in students' academic engagement

The aim of this study was investigated the academic civic behavior model based on the school emotional climate and positive experiences at school with the mediation of academic flourishing in high school students. In a correlational study 368 people numbers from the senior high school students of Khoy city in the 2021-22 academic years were selected as a sample based on the Krejcie and Morgan table with the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The research tools were included academic civic behavior (Golparvar, 2011), school emotional climate (Pasha Amiri, 2009), positive experiences at school (Furlong et al., 2014) and academic flourishing (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2008). The data were analyzed by path analysis method in SPSS and Amos software. The findings showed that the academic civic behavior model based on the school emotional climate and positive experiences at school with the mediation of academic flourishing in high school students have a good fit. Also, the variables of school emotional climate and positive experiences at school on academic flourishing and the variables of school emotional climate, positive experiences at school and academic flourishing on academic civic behavior had a direct, positive and significant effect. In addition, the school emotional climate and positive experiences at school with the mediation of academic flourishing on academic civic behavior had an indirect, positive and significant effect (P<0.001). According to the results, in order to improve the academic civic behavior in high school students it is possible to promote their school emotional climate, positive experiences at school and academic flourishing through the improvement of different school situations.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on communication skills, psycho-social security and dependence on social networks in female students with cyberspace addiction. This research is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of secondary school female students with cyberspace addiction in Kalibar city, 74 students were selected from this population using the available method, and the cyberspace addiction questionnaire was completed, and the students whose scores in the cyberspace addiction questionnaire were Yang's cyberspace was in the range between 80 and 100 (cut score and as cyberspace addiction); 40 people were selected as a sample and were replaced in two experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). In order to collect data, cyberspace addiction questionnaires, communication skills questionnaires, psychosocial security and social network addiction questionnaires were used. Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance test. The results showed that life skills training has an effect on dependence on cyberspace and its components (habit, addiction and high involvement) (P<0.05). Also, life skills training has an effect on psychosocial security and its components (self-confidence, feeling of unhappiness, environmental incompatibility and people's view of themselves) and communication skills and components (feedback, listening and verbal skills) (05 /0>P).

The aim of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-directed learning in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and academic procrastination of high school students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population was all 6100 high school students in Miandoab, of which 361 were selected using cluster sampling using Morgan table. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaires of metacognitive beliefs of Wales et al., Gagilmino self-directed learning, and Solomon and Rodoblum. Validity (content and structure) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the questionnaires indicated that the measuring instruments had good validity and reliability. The results of testing the hypotheses by SPSS and PLS software and using correlation tests and structural equation modeling showed that Self-directed learning plays a significant role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and academic procrastination (p<0.01) and the relationship between the three components of positive beliefs about worry (p<0.05), cognitive confidence (p<0.05) and cognitive self-awareness. (p<0.01) with academic procrastination and with the mediating role of self-directed learning is negative and significant. Self-leadership is positive and significant (p<0.01). Finally, the results showed that self-leadership learning has a negative and significant relationship with academic procrastination (p< 0.01). Finally, the results showed that self-directed learning has a negative and significant relationship with academic procrastination (p< 0.01). Therefore, by strengthening positive metacognitive beliefs in students and, consequently, increasing self-directed learning, it is possible to reduce academic procrastination in them.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the experiences, challenges and attitudes of elementary school teachers towards emergency distance learning or ERT. The research community was primary school teachers of Urmia, from which a sample of 720 people was selected using purposive sampling. Semi-structured questionnaires were used. The collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. Teachers' experience of ERT was placed in three categories: feeling unprepared, educational justice, and learning failure. Teachers in the areas of understanding the difficulty of teacher duties, opportunities for knowledge and skill learning, continuity of education, promotion of cooperation between teachers, promotion of parents' participation and students' responsibility, and in the areas of reducing classroom interaction, problems with the SHAD application, lack of necessary resources and ERT facilities, impossibility of valid and correct assessment and increased workload were satisfied and dissatisfied with ERT, respectively. Necessary changes from the teachers' point of view to improve ERT placed in the areas of improving the Internet network and educational platform, facilitating access to facilities and tools, and including technology-related training in the teacher training curriculum and in-service escaped. It seems that this form of education will remain as a complementary method to face-to-face education from now on. Therefore, it is necessary to check the necessary infrastructure to improve it.

Changes in architectural education, reconstruction of education and improvement of educational systems to understand the learning process have always been of interest to architectural education professionals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of architectural cognition cards education based on Gestalt theory on metacognition and mental ideas in the design process of students. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test design, post-test with control group. The statistical population included all students of Hamadan Universities. A sample of 40 people was selected by convenience sampling method. Students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group underwent architectural knowledge cards education based on Gestalt theory for 8 sessions. The main tools for data collection in this study included the State Metacognition Questionnaire and the Mental Ideas Scale. To analyze the data, Smirnov calligraphy test and Leven test were used to calculate the assumptions and multivariate and bivariate MANCOVA analysis of covariance were used. The results showed that architectural cognition cards education based on Gestalt theory has been effective on students 'metacognition and has also been effective on theme design processing in students' design process. The results of this study showed that architectural cognition cards education based on Gestalt theory has an effect on increasing the metacognition of architecture students and thus helps to improve the quality level of architecture students in design.

The aim of this study was to compare the social skills, emotional intelligence and depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh. The method of the research study was comparative. The statistical population was all primary school students in Maragheh that were purposefully selected (with learning disabilities) and 40 normal students were selected by matching method from primary schools in Maragheh. To collect information Garsham and Eliot (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire, Bradbury and Graves (2005) Emotional Intelligence and Lang and Tisher (1983) childhood depression Questionnaire were used.  Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and group independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the level of social skills (social skills, cooperation, assertiveness and self-control) and emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management) of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools of Maragheh (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh (P <0.05). Based on the results, it was suggested that in schools, the necessary planning and coordination to use emotional intelligence training methods as well as interventions to strengthen social skills for primary school students with learning disabilities. Also use the results of the present study in the design of therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of this research was to present a model for institutionalizing shared leadership in Islamic Azad University. The statistical population included specialists and experts from the units located in West Azerbaijan province, who were directly dealing with the subject under investigation. Using the purposeful sampling approach, they were selected until theoretical saturation (n=10). The data was collected by the interview method with the general guidance method and in a semi-structured way. Participants as well as the review of non-participating experts were used in the research. The reliability of the model was evaluated using the Kappa index. The value of kappa index equal to 0.763 was calculated and it was placed at the level of valid agreement. Interviews were analyzed and coded using Maxqda10 software. Finally, based on the identified final criteria, the model derived from the qualitative content analysis method was presented. The results of the open coding of the qualitative data collected using the interview tool were 84 primary codes out of 401. Then, 84 primary codes in the form of 16 main categories including organizational leadership communication, organizational communication, functional outcome, organizational teams, organizational behavior, organizational structure, different leadership styles, human resource management system, organizational environment, strategic management, organizational change management, management Performance, competitive advantage, organizational resources, organizational skills, behavioral characteristics of the leader were categorized in a model.