نشریه مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 44 (زمستان 1401)

The present study seeks to answer the question: what is the role of scientific cooperation in achieving convergence in the Islamic world? To answer this question, relying on the theoretical framework of convergence in the form of neighborhood policy, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of scientific-university cooperation in providing stable grounds for the expansion of convergence in the Islamic world.

The research uses document studies related to the analysis and meta-analysis of documents.

The findings indicate that the establishment of geopolitical and geo-economic ties and the tying of the fate of Islamic countries to each other play the most important role in the expansion of scientific cooperation between these countries.

The study concludes that improving the status of neighboring Islamic countries in scientific cooperation requires planning at three levels: micro (scientists), medium (institution) and macro (government).

The main purpose of this research is to provide a solution to develop and deepen Iran-Iraq relations and help foreign policy institutions. Also, filling the research gap in this field is one of the sub-goals of this article.

In this article, for data analysis, the SWOT method is used with a descriptive-analytical approach, and information collection is in the form of library and documents.

Due to the political developments in Iraq and the establishment of the Shia majority at the head of the government, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been provided with unique opportunities in the field of cooperation relations. Along with the existing opportunities, there are also threats from Iran's enemies, like America, in Iraq which threatens the interests and national security of Iran.

The Islamic Republic of Iran is facing serious and important issues in the area of Iraq, each of which alone has serious strategic and security effects on the country. One of the important opportunities is to strengthen the relations and economic interactions between Iran and Iraq, the priority of strategic development strategies based on security, and the use of public diplomacy to strengthen the unity between Shiites. Emergence of ethnic, religious (Shia-Sunni) disputes and conflicts, intervention and presence of regional and extra-regional actors in the direction of divergence between the two countries are among the most important threats in the path of interactions between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq.

The paper studies the challenges and opportunities of Afghan migrants in western countries and their impact on their lives.

Grounded theory is the method. Using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 15 Afghan migrants residing in western countries that had the experience of living in Iran as well.

Findings show that Afghan migrants face challenges in terms of socio-cultural (a sense of being thrown to the west, language difficulty, cultural differences, nostalgia of the homeland), economic (tax payment and forced labor, migration expenses, troublemaking in Europe), political (anti- migrant groups, insecurity of migration route). They also experience opportunities in terms of socio-cultural (social integration, possibility of progress, the value of ethnic diversity in the west), economic (welfare advantages, optimal working conditions), and political (equal humane rights, citizenship right). The impact of this new situation for migrants is: continuity of communication, weakening inter-ethnic interactions, and financial support for the families.

Despite the satisfaction of Afghan Migrants living in western countries, experience of many challenges and limitations in Iran and identity belonging to Afghanistan, the identity demarcation of Afghan migrants living in western countries can’t be considered as a single layer, but the collective life experience in Iran, Afghanistan and western countries caused that their identity be a combination of societies, they lived in or have belonging to it.

The present study seeks to investigate the legal status of Iranian female students in the form of the theory of "recognition" according to three main themes including "self-confidence", "legal status" and "social status" at the University of Padua.

In this study, using focus group method and theoretical sampling, eight Iranian female students were interviewed in groups and individually.

The findings reveal that the category of self-confidence, which examines the individual rights status of participants, is related to components such as "stigma", "inequality" and "alienation". The category of legal status, which legally studies the status of consultants, is also influenced by factors such as "ignorance", "non-acceptance of rules" and "violation of laws". Participants also described the category of social esteem, which measures students' status in terms of social rights, as "experience of exclusion" and "social distance."

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the disruption in the recognition of students' legal status, including individual, legal and social rights, has led to circumventing harassing rules through an interconnected network in cyberspace in order to participate. Users use cyberspace as a platform for resistance in order to restoring their social solidarity.

With the rise of the dignity of citizenship, government was required to ensure that citizens enjoy citizenship rights. European governments face the dilemma of deciding what to do with women affiliated to ISIS have been resettled in the Syrian camps of Al-Hol and Rouge after the defeat of ISIS. The aim of the present study helps to clarify the responsibility of European countries towards their citizens in the Al-Hol and Rouge camps in particular and the human rights emergency situation in the extraterrestrial context in order to fight against the causes of terrorism in general.

The present study uses an explanatory-descriptive methodology. It is descriptive because it deals with European women join ISIS and influences on their citizenship rights, and it is explanatory because it uses Agamben's theory to find the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables in the hypothesis. Articles, books, legal documents and laws in library and online library materials have been used to collect and analyze the data.

By defining terrorism as an act that undermines the fundamental relationship between the individual and the state, European countries have refused to guarantee the right to life, prohibit torture and arbitrary detention of women affiliated to ISIS, and have extended this to their children. This has led to the reduction of these individuals to bodies to which any treatment is permitted.

Despite the fact that women who affiliated to ISIS are still citizens of European countries, officials in these countries have turned terrorist into a fluid border of citizenship and have refused to guarantee the rights commensurate with the citizenship dignity of women in the Al-Hol and Rouge camps.

The necessity of governance in society in any period is not something that a person, group or property owner can deny. Therefore, with this thought, what image of the government and its rulings can exist during the occult period?

To deal with this issue, the discussion of the just and cruel sultan, which was considered a dominant thought in the Sayyid era, is proposed as a theoretical framework. Seyed Morteza founded a new tradition of jurisprudence in interaction with the Sultani system, which can be referred to as "Sultani jurisprudence" and is a library method.

The findings show that the survival of the Qajar governments was due to the fact that the jurisprudence of the Sultan caused the survival of the Qajar government.

Syed Murtaza's theory has caused Islamic laws and laws to be written in order to cooperate with the approval of the existing government, and during the constitutional era, contemporary scholars have adapted the laws in order to cooperate with the existing government.