نشریه آمایش سیاسی فضا
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، بهار 1402)

The relationship and interaction between the power structure and the government resulting from it, as a component of social organization with the process of spatial organization of metropolises and urban complexes, especially in recent years, has become one of the central issues and questions in the theorizing and researching of the program. The planning and management of the urban complex has changed without diminishing the importance of other aspects. The connection between the spatial structure and the social structure is influenced by the social-historical periods of the societies. In centralized bureaucratic societies without civil society and the lack of formalized and obvious groups and the government's lack of need for economic groups, these powerful groups gain access to other scarce resources through influence in the government decision-making apparatus. In industrialized societies, it is these social classes that have more access to scarce resources because the government needs these classes, especially the capitalist and middle class of experts.

According to its nature, purpose and subject area, this research has a descriptive-analytical research method and the approach that governs the research space is practical. The collection of information in the theoretical part and findings has been done with reference to the library method, and for the relevant information and statistics, the information and yearbooks available in the Iranian Statistics Center have been used. This research has been carried out on the scale of Tehran metropolis because the capital of any country is usually the place where economic, political and cultural mechanisms gather and crystallize. In this research, the government's oil revenues are considered as one of the most influential factors in the accumulation of power and wealth in the metropolitan area of Tehran, and subsequently, the excessive concentration of government institutions and organizations in the metropolis of Tehran and the breakdown in the political management of space as factors. Influencers in the political management of space will be analyzed.

From the point of view of the political management of the space, what is the most cause for concern and thought is the lack of integration, or in other words, the discontinuity of policy-choice and functional discontinuity. Integration in the political management of space is related to the management of interactive issues in policy-making, which is beyond the boundaries of the usual and conventional policy areas and does not conform to the responsibility of individual departments and ministries. According to Mulford and Ruger, policy coordination is defined as a process by which two or more organizations create new decision-making procedures or use existing decision-making rules to collectively deal with the task environment. O joint benefit. In general, policy integration requires greater interaction, accessibility, and adaptability, which leads to greater interdependence and requires more formal organizational arrangements, and requires the presence of more resources and delegation of authority and independence of action from the stakeholders.

In fact, it can be said that the policies of the government in the past few decades have caused a strong dependence of metropolitan management on government policies. On the one hand, this type of dependence has prevented the complete independence of the urban management complex from the government, and on the other hand, the multiplicity of government organizations, which itself is a result of the increase in government oil revenues, has led to the creation of many organizations with parallel functions in the metropolis of Tehran. The situation has finally created a political-spatial discontinuity in the metropolis of Tehran. Therefore, the formation of a centralized and simple government in the contemporary era, along with rich oil revenues, has caused the government to have all the political and administrative power and decision-making authority in all local, regional and national affairs, according to the goals and desires of the country. He can design and implement in any way he wants. So that the creation, liquidation, annexation and delegation of powers of all the units of the country's divisions are at the disposal of the central government. This case has emerged especially in the metropolitan area of Tehran, which is the place of gathering and concentration of the most important political-economic institutions of the country, and has made the political management of the space in the metropolis of Tehran face the problem of spatial-functional discontinuity. Examining the change of administrative and spatial territories of Tehran metropolis between 1966-2011 clearly shows that simultaneously with the expansion of the country's oil revenues, the number of administrative and spatial territories in Tehran metropolis has also increased and we have witnessed a very significant growth in this field.

Spatial policy regarding flood risk management is a series of actions that are aimed at achieving a logical solution in reducing the damage caused by floods and reducing the spread of floods (Sinha et al., 2020). The impact of devastating floods on global lives and livelihoods is growing. Large-scale floods caused 104 billion US dollars in damages globally between 2000 and 2015 (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015). As the climate changes, populations increase, and demand for housing and infrastructure grows, now more than ever, society needs to manage its flood risk and adapt to climate change. For this reason, achieving a spatial and logical comprehensive policy in flood risk management in a way that is efficient and sustainable, in research, policies and practice, requires (related program in flood management, 2017). Accordingly, the issue raised here is that; among the mentioned indicators, which of them is more important in making the spatial policy of rural flood risk management more efficient? Based on this, the necessity of research in this direction is that the present research has first identified all the items related to the indicators. Then he examines the importance of each of them in order to be able to answer this research problem.

The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of information gathering. The method of data collection in this research will be both library and field. In the first step, library studies related to the research title will be used to compile the research literature, background, and theoretical foundations of the research. In addition, in the second step, it is used in the field and quantitatively by using the questionnaire tool to check the hypotheses of the research. The statistical population of this research consists of experts in the field, including faculty members specializing in this field, graduates and doctoral students with the title of a related thesis, and people in charge of the field, for this purpose, 70 samples have been selected (explained in the table below). From their point of view, the related questionnaire has a favorable level of validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97, which shows a very favorable level. Finally, one-way ANOVA (F) statistical test was used to analyze the data obtained from the mentioned questionnaire for the items of each index and finally all the indices.

According to the problem stated in the introduction, in order to examine the importance of various indicators in the spatial policy of rural flood risk management, to examine the status of each of the five indicators (environmental, economic, social-cultural, managerial-institutional) and physical (land use)) deals with spatial policy of rural flood risk management To be able to identify the various aspects of the importance of each of the indicators and finally respond to the problem according to the opinions of the sample community.To determine the importance of each of the indicators on the spatial policy of rural flood risk management, we have used Duncan's post hoc test, and the output of this test is grouped into three spectrums. They are classified according to their importance. So that the environmental index is the least important with a value of 2.9484 in spectrum one along with the economic index with a value of 3.1056, but the economic index is due to its proximity to social-cultural indicators with a value of 3.2381 and managerial-institutional indicators. With the value of 3105.3, they are the same shade in the spectrum and these two indicators (social-cultural and managerial-institutional) are placed in the third spectrum because of their proximity to the importance of the physical index (land use) and the only index that is the individual is placed in a spectrum and group. It is the physical index (land use) which is placed in the third group with the value of 3.4186 and has the largest sub-set for alpha, which shows the greater importance of this index on the spatial policy of management. The flood risk for the villages located in the watershed of Gorgan River in Golestan province has been that the following graph, which is the output of Duncan's post hoc test, also indicates the same performance of the indicators that as can be seen, environmental indicators are the least important. In addition, after that, the social-cultural index is the least important, and then the economic index and then the administrative-institutional index play a more important role. Finally, the physical indicators (land use) are the most important. The category of significance level, which is stated below the three groups, shows the lack of significance within the groups because of the closeness of their performance within each of the three spectrums.

According to the investigations carried out in the present study in two steps, first, through the study of available sources, the effective indicators and items in the spatial policy of rural flood risk management have been identified. Based on this, 5 indicators and 120 items have been identified. In order to check the importance of each of them, according to the type of indicators, ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance) was used, the results of which can be summarized as follows: in the inter-group and intra-group sections. It is possible to understand the level of output desirability according to the average of squares and the sum of squares But what is important and effective in the ANOVA test output table is the F test statistic and the significance level value, which the test statistic number is 6.229 and the significance level value is 99 percent, which shows the very high importance of the five indicators on politics. Spatial planning is rural flood risk management. Based on this, Duncan's test was used to determine the importance of each of the indicators separately, and the results show that the output of this test is that the indicators are grouped into three spectrums, the reason for this problem Three spectrums are categorized according to their importance, So that the environmental index is the least important with a value of 2.9484 in spectrum one along with the economic index with a value of 3.1056, but the economic index is due to its proximity to social-cultural indicators with a value of 3.2381 and managerial-institutional indicators. With the value of 3105.3, they are the same shade in the spectrum and these two indicators (social-cultural and managerial-institutional) are placed in the third spectrum because of their proximity to the importance of the physical index (land use) and the only index that is Separately, it is placed in a spectrum and group, it is the physical index (land use), which is placed in the third group with a value of 3.4186, and has the largest subset for alpha.This shows the greater importance of this index on the spatial policy of flood risk management for the villages located in the Gorgan River watershed of Golestan province, and the following graph, which is the output of Duncan's post hoc test, also indicates the same performance of the indicators. As it can be seen, the environmental indicators are the least important, then the socio-cultural index is the least important, and then the economic index and then the administrative-institutional index play a more important role. Finally, physical indicators (land use) have the most importance in the spatial policy of rural flood risk management.

The Islamic parliament election, as the mid-level of elections in the Country, have always been the focus of experts and the public minds. It is worth noting that the presence of people to participate in elections and the extent of their participation varies from constituency to constituency and from one period to another. This difference in participation has led to the emergence of different constituencies, according to this, the electoral behavior of people in different constituencies toward each other can be examined. The data of this article show that the electoral behavior of people in Arak, Komijan and Khondab constituencies has not been influenced by local factors. The present study is based on the theory that the political orientation of the elected president and the large scale-National currents affect the electoral behavior of Arak, Komijan and Khondab constituencies.

The data which is required for this study is collected by the Library-method and analyzed by Descriptive-Analytical method. The result of the research shows that political parties which are affected by the large scale-National currents will influence the outcome of the election and the political tendency of the chosen Parliament members in constituencies of Arak, Komijan and Khondab.

 From the third to eleventh term of the Islamic parliament, 18 people entered the parliament, of which 7 were reformists and 11 others were from the United Front of Fundamentalists and Conservatives. In other words, 38.9% of the representatives were reformists and 61.1% were conservatives. It is considerable that in these 9 elections, none of the elected representatives was independent, each of them was a member of the two prominent parties in the country. This statistic indicates that ethnic and local factors have not had an effect on the electoral behavior of the people in this constituency.

It is considerable that in these 9 elections, none of the elected representatives was independent, each of them was a member of the two prominent parties in the country. Generally, this study states that the political orientation of the elected president and the large scale-National currents affect the electoral behavior of the mentioned constituencies. The next point is that the impact of the metropolis of Arak as the center of the province on the other two cities in this area is significant and the other two have not nominated a candidate for the parliament due to the small population or have not been able to enter the Islamic Parliament. Another important point is that the parties have been able to return the spatial pattern of voting by eliminating the local identity factor in their favor. Factors such as political and economic development, literacy level, common language and religion of the people of the metropolis of Arak have caused their electoral behavior to be influenced by national factors instead of ethnic attitudes and local factors. On the other hand, the strategic location of the metropolis of Arak due to its location on the expressway from the North to the South of the Country and the existence of many access roads has caused this city to become an economic and cultural center and this factor brings opinion and orientation of people of Arak closer to the people of the capital. Finally, the article hypothesis is confirmed.

 Slums as an output of spatial imbalances originating from the injustice of space is one of the most important foundations threatening security and development in individual and collective scales. Ahvaz ranks first in the country in terms of the area of ​​ Slums areas with ten districts, and in terms of the marginal population with 450 thousand people, it is one of the densest marginal areas in the country. The impact of the Slums areas can be investigated and analyzed from various aspects, one of the most important aspects of these studies is the spatial analysis of crimes in the Slums areas of the city and the identification of crime-prone areas for the prevention of crimes in the city. Space of Ahvaz city has two important features. The first is the extent and the second is the presence of marginal areas. The marginal neighborhoods of Ahvaz city include Shalang Abad, Siyahi, Ain Do, Al Safi, Hasir Abad, Zargan, Zargan, Zoway, Cheniba, and Malashieh. In this article, focusing on crimes such as armed robbery, extortion, brawl, shooting, and murder, the marginal neighborhoods have been examined and ranked in terms of the five crimes index.

This article will be organized using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of theoretical and field studies of research findings. In order to analyze the theoretical aspects of the research, library data, documents, electronic references, etc. have been used. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the weight of crimes and the Vicor technique in Excel in order to rank areas in terms of the occurrence of five types of crimes.

The findings show that the ranking of the marginal neighborhoods in terms of five types of crimes, from the highest to the lowest amount, respectively, including Al-Safi, Hasir Abad, and the source of water, Shelang Abad, Siyahi and Ain Do, Malashieh, Cheniba, and Zargan. And it is Zoya. Insecurity caused by urban marginalization can be categorized into three scales: 1- local scale; which include: the suburbs of the city. In general, insecurity in the city can be seen and investigated in the following two ways: A: Crimes in urban life such as armed robbery, extortion, shooting, etc. B: Violent acts that are usually collective. Such as: conflict and quarrel 2- Regional or metropolitan scale of Ahvaz city: the marginal areas of Ahvaz city provide a suitable platform for the residence of criminals and criminals due to the possibility of reduced police security surveillance. In this scale, insecurity and crime gradually penetrate from the marginal neighborhoods to other neighborhoods in Ahvaz. And the security of Ahvaz metropolis faces a crisis. 3- Regional scale or Khuzestan province: After the spread of insecurity and crime at the local and regional level, there is a possibility of reflecting the absence or reduction of insecurity from Ahvaz metropolis to the scale of Khuzestan province. This level of insecurity goes beyond crime-prone urban areas. Decreasing the security of Ahvaz city as its political centrality for Khuzestan province has economic, political, cultural, social, etc. dimensions on this scale is important for Khuzestan province. Therefore, in the line of research, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to determine the weight of crimes and Vicor technique in Excel in order to rank areas in terms of the occurrence of five types of crimes. So that the marginal neighborhoods are ranked in terms of five crimes and the neighborhoods that have more crime potential than other areas are identified.

One of the most important issues arising from the governance of the marginalization conditions in the country's metropolises. At present, Ahvaz, due to the centrality of the province and the presence of higher education centers, specialized medical services, power plants, and industrial and commercial centers, has welcomed immigrants from the cities and settlements of Khuzestan province and other provinces. The situation of the marginal neighborhoods of Ahvaz is in an unfavorable situation in terms of human development and physical space. And it affects the increase of urban crimes. This important point is the need to pay attention to spatial justice at the local and regional levels of Ahvaz city space for the relative equality of human development indicators and physical space. Through the spatial analysis of crimes in the marginal neighborhoods of Ahvaz metropolis, it is possible to identify the neighborhoods that are in an unfavorable situation in terms of related crimes in order to prevent crime.

Cities are the most important man-made phenomena in the land that play a major role in the development or non-development of regions and areas. According to the statistics provided by the United Nations, more than 50% of people live in cities and the urban population growth rate is 4 times. The population is rural. Based on this, the study of cities is important because they are places where people and activities are loaded. Demographic changes in recent years in the country have caused the growth of the urban population to be uncoordinated at different times and the distribution of its growth in different cities of the country is uneven and the growth trend is increasing and fast. The growth of the country's urban population and the lack of attention to the urban network and the distribution of urban centers and centers in the territory on the one hand and the rapid growth of urbanization on the other hand have led to fragmentation and incoherence in the spatial structure of the country. Migration and the growing trend of urbanization and economic-social and political developments in recent decades of Tehran province have been the most important factors in creating an unbalanced pattern of the urban network. Nowadays, the population growth of cities along with their socio-economic issues is a new form of city and urbanism and It has created urbanism. Organizing and balancing the space is one of the key issues in the field of urban planning. Bigger cities exert their dominance over smaller cities by absorbing and concentrating more surplus. The continuation of these conditions causes the formation of imbalance in the spatial distribution of cities and the emergence of problems caused by congestion and congestion in cities and the evacuation of other places. This article aims to provide solutions for balancing by examining and analyzing the urban network in Tehran province. to present.

Therefore, the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical, using rank-size models, Lorenz curve and entropy coefficient, as well as for quantitative and qualitative analysis using Excel software to investigate and analyze the urban network of the province. Tehran has paid.

The results of the findings show that many industrial and service activities are concentrated in Tehran province, especially Tehran metropolis, due to its administrative, political, economic situation and the lack of spatial justice and land development policies in Iran. The amount of concentration in the country is higher in Tehran province and among the cities of Tehran province, in Tehran metropolis. The presence of concentration causes migration, and urbanization in Tehran province has gained wider dimensions with the spread of Tehran metropolis and the creation of Tehran metropolitan area. So that this province has medium, small and rural cities. While in 1355 it had only 6 small cities. Transformation in metropolitan areas is a product of decentralization, which can be called the movement of rupture. The basis of the formation of the metropolitan area is directly related to the level of communication technologies such as railway lines and highways. Because by facilitating travel to and from Tehran along its communication axes, they have been created in the form of a cluster with the center of Tehran metropolis. Therefore, the spatial structure of the urban network of Tehran province is based on the center-periphery development pattern, and the lack of proportional distribution of population and services at the level of the region has created an unbalanced network system and has created a kind of divergence and lack of integration in the region. Because none of the cities in the metropolitan region of Tehran, even the metropolitan city of Tehran, have a suitable position in the field of production competition at the national and especially international level. While this type of city accumulation and urbanization has brought many natural and human risks and is an obstacle to sustainable development. The increase in urban population in Tehran province originates from the scattered surface of Tehran metropolis, and the concentration of urban population in the western part of the province is more in accordance with the communication routes than in other directions. Although medium-sized cities have repaired the spatial discontinuity in the urban network of the province to some extent, according to the rank-size model, the distance between the metropolis of Tehran and other cities of the province is still very large and there is no balance in the urban network of the province. In addition, the urban population has settled not in a uniform manner but in a cluster around the metropolitan city of Tehran and in the next order of medium cities.

The review of urban development plans in Iran in the horizon indicates that a large part of the proposals and estimates in the horizon of this plan have not been realized. One of the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of these plans is the way they face the property rights. A right that is recognized in the country of Iran and based on Islamic law and Sharia; Therefore, it is necessary to examine this topic from the perspective of Islamic thought. Among the emerging ideas in the field of urban planning in the west is the transfer of development right (TDR) approach.This idea was proposed for the first time in order to preserve cultural heritage in America. But is this approach, which is used in urban plans in recent decades in Iran, is expanding and has its roots in Western thought, can it be the answer of Iranian Islamic society? Therefore, in this research, the main goals are, 1. Obtaining the framework of the concepts of rights and the transfer of property development based on religious texts, jurisprudential principles and documentary sources.2. Adapting and reviewing the legal status of owners in the TDR approach is from the perspective of Islamic thought. In this research, while examining the three dimensions, jurisprudence, ethics and law in the approach of transfer of development rights and the compliance of laws related to urban development plans with Islamic jurisprudence and the approach of transfer of development rights, it is tried to make suggestions to benefit from the jurisprudence/ethical rule based To be presented on Islamic thought in urban development plans.

This research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in nature. This research is carried out in two stages, first by using documentary studies and existing information resulting from the implementation experiences of urban plans, the legal status of ownership and transfer of the right to development is examined, and in the next stage through studies of religious texts and Shariathe framework of property rights in the religion of Islam is explored.So, the right of ownership in Islam and Islamic thought, focusing on the principle of subordination, is examined in comparison with the right to transfer ownership in the TDR approach, and suggestions are made for the integration of legal structures and the Islamic system in the field of ownership in order to increase the realization of projects. Urban development is provided.

The transfer of development rights (TDR) approach was first considered in New York City and in the United States, the possibility of moving and the right to transfer a license plate to the adjacent license plate in the Zoning Law of 1916a. Based on this plan, the owners were given permission to sell their vertical development right to adjacent land plates, and the parts receiving this right would have the possibility of violating the construction height limit and setback requirements. Various issues are involved in the TDR approach, such as development right, development value, and service recipient and service provider areas.By using the development right transfer approach, the owners of sensitive natural lands, farms, as well as historical and important areas can receive their losses through the sale of their transferable development TDR and voluntarily develop their property in the future.Regarding the jurisprudential aspect of the transfer of development rights, according to the perspective of personal partial dispossession in Islam, people are free to own their property, but according to the interests of the society, some of these rights are deprived by law and government. Regarding the next aspect of citizenship rights, citizenship and ownership, which are considered among new concepts in the West today and are trying to achieve the rights of owners and citizens, are explicitly mentioned in Islam.Regarding the moral aspect, Imam Khomeini mentioned that man is the essence of all beings and the essence of the whole world. The mission of the prophets is to actualize this potential extract. The effort of all prophets is to create social and inner justice in humans. Justice is the direct path of human progress to divine perfection. In practice, the limits of ownership and the amount of consumption should be based on right and justice and in the direction of maximum productivity and growth and ensuring social justice.In Iran, the renovation and improvement of dilapidated urban structures as a problem with different social, economic, legal and technical dimensions has been included in the programs of the government and municipalities since the early 1980s. At thesame time as drawing attention to this category on a national scale and in the form of by-laws and laws, Tehran Municipality has also started planning and intervening in these fields since 2013.The actions of the Tehran City Renewal Organization show that at the beginning in 2012 with the construction plan of the eastern highway edge which was a program based on acquisition, demolition and reconstruction, in the years 2018 and 2019 in the form of setting up facilitation offices and based on Social actions crystallized. Previously, experiences in the field of intervention in urban contexts,especially worn-out contexts, were carried out with the approach of improving physical and functional conditions and without paying attention to other aspects of the issue.This is despite the fact that the basis of the concept of citizenship rights in the Islamic city is the people. In fact, the role of people in all areas of urban development plans should be considered. The plan must satisfy the people involved in the plan, and one of the most important examples of this is the way of bringing together the owners in connection with the occupation of lands and properties in order to achieve the goals of collective development. It is obvious that a process that starts with the creation of dissatisfaction among the beneficiaries of the project is not based on the principles of Islam and jurisprudence.

Islam is the religion of justice, equality and right orientation, and by relying on Islamic jurisprudence, important rules can be extracted and explained in the field of urban issues. The rules of submissiveness, harmlessness and expediency are among the most important jurisprudential principles that must be observed in Islamic urban planning in Iran in order to maintain and control the family foundation, stability of ownership, and respect for citizens. Also, the main condition for validating urban development plans is their compatibility with the approved laws of the country.Most of the specialized laws approved in the field of urban development and construction, including the Law of Municipalities (1960), the Civil and Urban Renovation Law (1968), etc., are related to the Pahlavi era, and these laws have not been corrected or updated over time. It is possible to achieve this goal in the form of adding notes to the articles of the previous laws, or canceling the previous laws and approving new laws. Islam is the religion of justice, equality and peaceful coexistence.If the above laws are revised in accordance with the jurisprudential-ethical principles of the Islamic religion and the patterns considered for acquisition have the least amount of intervention and also the full satisfaction of the owners whose property is placed in the path of development plans, It is possible to observe the fulfillment of Islamic rules in the cities. Therefore, the following comprehensive suggestions are presented in order to achieve this goal. Avoid urban development plans that only exist with an economic and material view of land, buildings, and people's livelihood.Avoid large-scale decision-making and interventions. It is necessary to review and update the laws related to construction and development in line with the speed of development and complexity in cities. Including in the applicable laws that were approved before the Islamic Revolution era. Based on moral jurisprudence rules, a set of rights should be included in the laws and decisions should be made based on them, such as ownership citizenship rights, business and profession rights, water and flower rights, agricultural right.

Developments in recent decades have caused wars to undergo extensive transformations and changes in terms of nature, corresponding to this change of governments, in order to face these developments and changes, it is necessary to change one's outlook and perception in designing strategy so, they can move in harmony with the evolution of the nature of wars and reduce the challenges and damages caused by it on their territory as much as possible. In the meantime for prevention of the strategy of defense of the territory according to the new nature of wars, it can have a prominent position. Because the land defense plan as one of the land plan approaches is trying to rationally organize the land according to its capacities and potentials with an emphasis on defense and security. In a way that can maintain the security and integrity of the land, guarantee the independence and protection of the people against any attack and threat of the enemy, insecurity, create gaps and faults, wise and appropriate distribution of vital places and sensitive centers and infrastructures, balanced distribution of defense forces- It provided security in the territory on according to the capacities and facilities of the territory. Based on this, the present research seeks to extract the effective components on the design of the defense strategy of the Middle East countries, so that based on it, they can reduce the insecurity and costs (financial and life) to the extent while maintaining their survival to reduce the space of the country.

The current research method is based on content analysis and library and field sources (interview) were used to collect information. In the library findings section, components have been extracted from past theories and works, and in the second step, the components have been confirmed by interviewing seven of the scientific-military elites and reaching theoretical saturation.

The studies conducted to extract the components affecting the defense of the Middle East countries show the absence of a comprehensive scientific theory and work in this field, and various theories and works have been used to extract the components. In this context, 12 theories and eight experiences of defense training of different countries have been examined and analyzed, and based on them, 130 components have been extracted and provided to experts and thinkers in this field. The field of theoretical saturation has been extracted with seven scientific-military elites. The results of the examination of the theories and approaches that have been collected in the field of topics related to the defense of the land, along with the interviews that have been conducted with related experts and thinkers, show that both parts are Various factors on the diversity and extent of 130 components have been effective in designing the defense strategy of the Middle East countries, which are given in the form of 15 dimensions in the form of the following table based on importance:Table 3: Distribution of research components in 15 dimensions derived from theories and approaches Row Dimensions Components 1 Economic dimension Income and its level; job and its type; economic interactions; amount and type of production; employment and unemployment; standard of living; economic justice; economic policy; Financial problems; Economic potential and capacities 2 Political dimension Power structure; political management of space; distribution of power; form of interaction; Law and political regulations; political planning; political divisions; The shape and composition of the nation; the political position of space; The level and manner of communication (transnational-transnational) 3 Geopolitical dimension Regional geopolitical structure; global geopolitical structure; Geostrategic position, status of water resources, position of countries with border rivers, degree of dependence on common water resources, common energy resources, location of energy resources, geopolitical behavior, transit position, common cultural identity, regional geopolitical position 4 Cultural dimension Customs; Religion; Language; ethnicity (race); culture of effort and employment; culture of participation; life style; social attitudes; Communication culture 5 Social dimension Social norms and anomalies; Community Relations; social gap; type and form of family; social form and structure; family and its relations; social boundaries; social organizations 6 Security dimension Border and demarcation (transnational); border (national); transnational threats; sanctions and boycotts and their effects; national unity and cohesion; ethnic and religious diversity; spatial distribution of ethnic and religious groups; The population density; political organization of space; Security technologies 7 Military dimension Military equipment; the efficiency of forces; defensive styles (strategies); the structure of forces; natural capacities and potentials; military shortcomings and limitations; number of enemies; the country's settlement region; location of military centers; military power and structure; War and its forms 8 Demographic dimension life expectancy; sexual ratio; education level; number of population; age structure; Growth rate; marital status; population density; Family size; Migration; Births and deaths 9 Scientific-health dimension Cyberspace; Bioterorism; Drug production capacity; Medical Equipment; treatment methods; the potential of elitism; the amount of scientific leap; Public health level

The results of the investigations carried out in this research show that the defense based on the transformations and developments that have taken place in different fields has undergone extensive changes and necessarily the governments in order to be able to face this changes that have taken place in the field of threats and technologies, etc., to update and make their defense strategies efficient, they should be able to take a comprehensive and up-to-date approach to the defense of the land. According to the findings of the present research, it shows that land defense as one of the forward strategies of the governments in an up-to-date and comprehensive manner includes 15 dimensions and 130 components that should be used in the design of the strategy should be considered.