نشریه آمایش سیاسی فضا
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، زمستان 1402)

Ecolodge need policy to guide and determine short-term and long-term decisions among different options.Policymaking in Ecolodge is a collection of rules, regulations, instructions and strategies that provides a framework in which the governmental and local decisions directly affect the sustainable development of Ecolodge. In this research, we aim to identify spatial policy indicators in Ecolodge and figure out their importance in the Hawraman region. Therefore, the question is which of the spatial policy elements of Ecolodge have the most importance in this case study? The research method is practical by purpose and descriptive-analytical by type. At first, it described and interpreted the existing relationships between the research variables (statistical system and information, ruling bureaucracy, ruling values, structure of power, implementation and monitoring of policies). Research statistical society includes the ecotourism managers of the target villages of Hawraman region, General Department of Cultural Heritage experts, Tourism and Handicrafts Department, as well as tourism specialists including faculty members and related experts. This research results shows that according to Tukey's test, the policy implementation and monitoring indicator with an average of 3.673 (combination of opinions) has the highest importance in the spatial policy of Ecolodge in the Hawraman region.Thus, based on the results of the hypothesis test, it can be accepted that there is a significant difference between the spatial policy elements of the Ecolodge in the Hawraman region, and in this regard, the policy implementation and monitoring indicator is the most important among the five.

Geography is one of the most important determinants of stability or instability in countries. geography is the basis of many social and political developments within countries, even the relations between them and their neighbors. One of the clear examples of this is Afghanistan. This country is known as a crisis-prone country in terms of human geography. War and insecurity, political instability, poverty, extensive internal disputes have plagued the people and this geography for years. The purpose of the current research is to explain the foundations of human geography in the crises of this country. This research is of a descriptive type, whose theoretical framework is obtained from the combination of Hoggett's theory and Cohen's theory, and based on it, the bases and contexts of the crisis in Afghanistan have been explained from a human geographical perspective. According to the findings of the research, all the crises in Afghanistan are affected by human geography and caused by human heterogeneity, the interventions of the powers, as a result of which this country has been in a fragile and unstable situation for years and has remained a crisis maker. Border disputes with neighbors, being landlocked, being a barrier, being located in a fragile region, multiple neighbors, disputes over common border rivers and changing their course are some of the most stable issues of Afghanistan's geography. Ethnicism, linguistic and religious prejudices, extreme fundamentalism, illiteracy, drug cultivation and trafficking, migration, poverty and deprivation, and nomads are among the controversial issues in strengthening humanitarian crises...

Statecraft, or what is called modern politics in the Shahnameh, has prosperity and authenticity combined with knowledge and insight. The foundation of Shahriari and governance is based on the two principles of truth and justice. Ferdowsi′s Shahnameh is one of the greatest and most influential epics works of Iran and the world. This great work can be studied and researched from different aspects. In many stories of Shahnameh, a manifestation of positive psychology can be explored.
One of the most outstanding literary works in the field of Persian literature is Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which contains characterisations, depictions of lofty and ideal human goals, references to desirable solutions to improve the quality of life, and so on. In his literary masterpiece, Ferdowsi has mentioned the human being and its positive dimensions, and has provided extensive explanations in relation to idealistic figures such as Ky Khosrow - who go beyond the usual norms of society. In this regard, the present research, by applying Seligman's psychological opinions, will examine and analyse other aspects of Shah Kiani's personality and Shahriari's and Pahlavi's actions in order to answer the following questions: a) Which of the characteristics of positivist psychology emphasised by Seligman are prominent in the character of Khosrow? b) By approaching Seligman's intellectual foundations, can Shah Kiani be considered a positive and self-fulfilling person?

The non-generalist view of territorial identity and Considering it to be dependent on political ideas has been considered in critical political geography studies in recent years. In this regard, the primary principle of considering the territorial identity concept to be dependent on government; It goes back to Hegel's thoughts. According to his idea, the territorial identity is a rational form of thought created by government on the earth, and a form of this phenomenon appears in every history turn. In this regard, the political thought of Charismatic king was one of the important components in the construction of territorial identity in the Achaemenid era during which charismatic king were considered to be God's chosen one on earth and in his existence shadow became possible to form social cohesion. In this research has been tried by analyzing the historical texts content be explained effective components in the construction of social identity in the Achaemenid era in the Hegel's phenomenology of the soul framework. It is emphasized in research findings that the awareness creation about importance of king's position in construction of the territorial identity in the Achaemenid era was a historical synthesis result that the traditional interpretation of powerful kings is replaced by the king attributed to Ahuramzda. In addition, geopolitical alienation of the Achaemenids with the surrounding states, especially the Greek city-states was a conflict manifestation between Charismatic king thought with opposing thoughts, which was effective in building of Iranian people territorial identity.

In the present study, the political dimension of the current underdevelopment situation and how it is tied to the economy as well as its consequences in Kurdistan province have been explored. Undoubtedly, the study of how all aspects of Iran's political economy work and analyze requires extensive research, and sometimes due to lack of data, it is not possible to get an accurate picture of the monopolies that govern it. The arrival of hydrocarbon resources has added to the complexity of this structure, so that many consider the abundance of resources and the emergence of the rentier government as the main cause of the current situation, unaware that the defective structure of Iran's political economy without oil revenues is able to provide a minimum welfare. It also did not have the current limited infrastructure. In the present study, using a qualitative method, we will seek to answer the question of whether there is a significant difference in the development levels of Kurdistan province and the country as a whole or not. Comparing the indicators of human development in 1977 and 2017, it was concluded that in general, Kurdistan province in terms of human development has a lower rank than the national average, the main reason for which can be introduced in the form of political economy of monopolies whose roots It goes back to the period before the Islamic Revolution in 1978.

Problem design : The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the activity of users in Telegram and Instagram social networks and their political activism in the cities of Tehran as the political-economic capital and Qom as the cultural-religious capital of the country.

This study was carried out using a combined method including library study and survey using a questionnaire tool. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated by the face validity method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of this research is all members of Telegram and Instagram social networks over 15 years of age who live in Tehran and Qom, and 768 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sampling formula and using cluster sampling. were selected

The results of this research show a significant relationship between the two variables of activity in social networks and political activism of users, and the Spearman statistic at the 95% significance level is 0.24.

Currently and based on the statements of the respondents, users are doing conventional political activism. However, if legal channels are closed for political activism, it can be predicted that unconventional methods of activism such as civil disobedience, protests, strikes, etc. will be used by activists.