نشریه بین رشته ای دین و سلامت ابن سینا
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، بهار و تابستان 1401)

The importance of the effect of geographical location on people's mezaj and its role in the prevention and treatment of diseases is an essential aspect of the subject of climate, which is one of the six essential principles. This study aimed to find the origin of the theory of "Haft Iqlim" and identify the pioneer who applied it in Persian medicine.

The present study applied the library-documentary method and followed a descriptive-analytical approach.

This study examined first-hand religious, geographical, and medical sources of Greek and Islamic territory to first discover the origin of the theory of dividing "Rub-e-maskun" into "Haft Iqlim" and then find the pioneer who applied this theory in Persian medicine.

The first trace of the theory of dividing the world into four parts was found in an Akkadian writing which belongs to the third millennium BC, and the first signs of dividing the "Rub-e-maskun" of the world into "Haft Iqlim" were discovered in Avesta. These theories found their way to Greece and were developed in the works of Ptolemy. Afterward, during the translation movement, they returned to their initial origin, the Middle East. Masoudi's books were the turning point of the combination of these two theories in Islamic Iran, and this combinatorial theory has progressed after him. However, they were first applied in medicine about the same time or shortly after Masoudi by Ali ibn Abbas of Ahwaz. For the first time, Ahwazi considered mezaj of the fourth Iqlim in the manufacture of medicine in his book "Kamel Al-Sina'a Al-Tabiya" for Persian people; therefore, he can be considered the pioneer of applying this theory in Persian medicine.

Introduction Shiite narrations contain many health recommendations and instructions. Some of these recommendations relate to environmental health. The aim is to isolate authentic Shiite traditions in environmental health to help raise its level. The findings of the article are such that first the theoretical foundations are stated; after that, we will extract the different teachings of Shiite traditions in the field of environmental health. In this regard, there is a category of narrations about air, water, nutrition, oral and housing hygiene. In each section, first all narrations with a series of documents of Shiite narration are expressed in a coherent manner and then we validate the documents of each category. Finally, we summarize the correct narrations. Conclusion 1. In Shiite narrations, there are numerous and useful recommendations in the field of environmental health. 2. It is necessary to infer religious teachings from reliable and valid narrations by measuring the validity of a document. It is suggested that in future researches, each of the narrations that were identified as valid in this research should be raised as an issue for experimental research in environmental health. The method of this article is analytical, documentary and referring to books, relevant software and reputable sites.

Refusal of treatment is one of the logical reasons for obtaining consent from the patient. However, in situations where refusal to receive medical services entails serious harm to the patient or other members of society, based on jurisprudence and legal principles, the patient's right to make decisions in the treatment process will be limited. Accordingly, this research aimed to find the answer to the question that when the patient's refusal to receive medical services poses a serious challenge to his own health or other members of society, what legal consequences this patient's decision will have for him or his family.

Descriptive and analytical method was used in this theoretical research. Data was collected in libraries by referring to documents, books, and articles.

The findings of this research indicated that refusal to receive medical services, depending on whether it was done by the patient or his parents and representatives, could bring a wide range of legal consequences.

Refusal to receive medical services by the patient's representatives, in addition to fulfilling their civil responsibility towards the patient as well as towards third parties, can lead to the loss of their position and also affect the level of personal liability. On the other hand, refusing to receive medical services by the patient, in addition to realizing the patient's civil responsibility towards third parties, can have harmful effects on his will and his inheritance relationship with his wife.

Death is one of the definite events of life and traditions in the system of creation that has a long history of human origin. And it is always with man. And the purpose of this article is to prove the role of correcting the attitude towards death based on accurate knowledge of its nature in ensuring human mental health from the perspective of Islam.

Procedure:

It is a methodical, descriptive-analytical method that, by reflecting on verses and hadiths and referring to the opinions of religious experts, methods of dealing with the anxiety and anxiety of death have been discussed.

According to religious teachings, the fear of death can be rooted in two factors:1- Lack of knowledge of the true nature of death based on lack of knowledge of the anthropological foundations of Islam2 - Ugly deeds and behavior of human beings that if these two problems are solved based on knowing the truth of human beings which is his soul and turning to valuable actions and behaviors, human mental health is provided and he gets rid of any anxiety and fear about death and hopes for his future.

A deep knowledge of the anthropological foundations of the Islamic school based on religious teachings eliminates the fear of death, leads man to correct his attitude towards death and not neglect it, and man will enjoy confidence and peace and will achieve mental health. In this article, with ten methods taken from the teachings and teachings of revelation, such as accurate knowledge of the nature of death, attention to the generality of death, attention to the beauties and manifestations of life after death, correct understanding of the philosophy of life and ... to correct attitudes toward Death and its effect on human mental health have been studied and analyzed based on pure Quranic and revelatory teachings.

Respiratory infections due to their high and fast prevalence and dissemination, have great importance and can play a very important role in the mortality of children and adults.Colds are the most common infectious disease of the respiratory system and although the disease itself is limited, it can cause secondary bacterial infections. The  aim of this study is to investigate some of the natural causes of respiratory infections from the perspective of Quranic verses and the narrations of the Infallible imams (peace be upon to them).

The present study is a descriptive analytical method with library and software extraction that examines the verses of the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) and related scientific articles.

Scientific research shows that the three natural reasons that cause colds are: low temperature, mental stress and food deprivation that affects the airways, nose and throat and make people more susceptible to viral infections by affecting the immune system. Accordingly, three factors climate change, stress and nutritional needs are reviewed as factors predisposing the body to respiratory infections and compared with a comparative look at the verses and hadiths of the Infallible (peace be upon them).

It seems that no drug has been discovered for the treatment of colds so far and the drugs prescribed by the doctor have a symptomatic and palliative treatment, in fact the main job is done by the immune system.This is why we recover spontaneously after a few days, but since colds have serious side effects, we can use these strategies along with other preventative measures to prevent recurrent colds and serious complications afterwards.

The high consumption of opium in the 10th century (A.H) at the beginning of the Safavid government has been one of the problems and disadvantages in Iranian society. "The Essay of Afyoniyya by Emadeddin Mahmoud Shirazi is the most important treatise written in the Safavid era about addiction, indicating the social status of Iran in the Safavid era.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using the library method. The Essay of Afyoniyya by Emadeddin Mahmoud Shirazi is the most important treatise written in the Safavid era about opiates. The book has been popular in that era. The contents and details of this book are based on the author's personal experience, which can be examined in different aspects.

"The Essay of Afyoniyah" by Hakim Emadeddin indicated the problem and social problem of addiction during the Safavid era, and the sense of need had led to the writing of this valuable manuscript.

The unstable social situation and violent behavior of the kings of this era to achieve power has been one of the most important factors in the prevalence of drug use among the people of the society, especially the princes. The prevalence of drug use is one of the most important concerns of Hakim Emadeddin, who has provided a great deal of help to drug addicts in quitting drugs by writing his opiate treatise.

University professors are one of the important influencers of the university community, therefore the role of a professor who has a kind of authority and attractiveness is very key for a student in search of identity, and the cultural and educational mission of a professor is very important in their cultural approach and in line with their spiritual health, so a precise understanding of the current situation The culture of each university and the explanation of the religious and Islamic duties of Iranian-Iranian effective people, especially professors, who, according to the Supreme Leader (Dame Barakateh), as the pioneers and commanders of the soft war, are pioneering and effective in removing the damage and anomalies of the academic society.

The research method in this study was a survey by means of a written questionnaire and self-reporting, and the statistical volume is 435 professors of the academic faculty of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences who were teaching in 1995-1996. Of these, 110 people participated in the research. Random sampling is stratified according to the size of the stratum.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude of the academic staff members of each faculty and educational group (clinical and basic) and on the other hand, there is a relationship between the knowledge and attitude of the academic staff members and their gender, age, marital status and celibacy. There is no meaning