Eurasian Chemical Communications
Volume:5 Issue: 9, Sep 2023

In this work, the viologen derivative was prepared by reacted of bis (3-chloroacetylacetone) ethylenediimine (AN-Cl) with mono-methylviologen (C1V+). The switching motion between dicationic viologen compound C1V2+AN-Cl.2PF6- and diamagnetic intermolecular π-dimer (C1V+AN-Cl. PF6-)2 was triggered through the reduction by 1 electron/viologen unit. This molecular switch was followed by UV-Visible absorption spectrometry. The viologen compound C1V2+AN-Cl.2PF6- was titrated with Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Fe2+ ions to afford metal complexes in the solution of M2+-C1V2+AN-Cl.2PF6-. Moreover, four molecular switches were attained from those metal complexes (M2+-C1V+AN-Cl. PF6-)2 by the chemical reduction stimuli including the characterization of complexes of M2+-C1V12+AN-Cl.2PF6- were performed by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. It was noticed that ratio of metal to the ligand in the complexes of Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Fe2+ was 1:1. Switching properties of the novel viologen derivatives with intermolecular dimer were studied by the reduction with activated zinc powder and followed by the absorption spectroscopy. After the 1e- reduction viologen unit in C1V12+AN-Cl.2PF6- and M2+-C1V12+AN-Cl.2PF6-, intermolecular dimerized viologen radicals occurred.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an effective wastewater treatment technology for the removal of tissue effluents and some contaminants. Among the effective catalytic treatments, hybrid semiconductor photocatalysts have been widely applied and have received more attention in the past few decades where particles and nanocomposites (ZnO and ZnO/CdS) were prepared by hydrothermal method from raw materials, and its photocatalytic activity was studied using reactive Blue 4 dye under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The prepared nanocomposites are characterized using various physicochemical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) analyses. Their photodegradation results revealed that ZnO doped ZnO/CdS nanocomposites show impressive activity towards photodegradation of (Reactive Blue 4) dye. The prepared kinetic diagrams showed a pseudo-first-order interaction. The results of the dissociation efficiency of the dye solution (Reactive Blue 4) dye with the ZnO surface were greater than the surface of ZnO/CdS nanocomposite, and the rate constant was calculated for each of them.

Fig leaves that have fallen off the tree are a common agricultural waste in Iraq. In this study, a very common used dye methylene blue (MB), was tested to be removed using a low-adsorbent "fig leaves activated carbon, FGAC" from its solution. Scanner electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the adsorbent. The effects of quantity of activated carbon, the concentration of methylene blue, the pH of solution, and the length of agitation were investigated using response surface methodology software. The studied variables included the amount of activated carbon (0.02-0.1 g), methylene blue dye concentration levels (20-100 mg/L), sample solution (25-100 mL), pH solution (4-11), carbonization temperature (150 °C-550 °C), and contact time (20-60 min). The Analysis of Variance was investigated to test the model's efficacy. The greatest MB removal efficiency was achieved by combining the effects of activated carbon quantity and solution pH, activated carbon amount, agitation time, pH solution, and agitation duration. Several contemporaneous interactions produced less striking outcomes. To achieve 99.5% high removal efficiency for MB under ideal conditions, the ideal activated carbon amount, methylene blue concentration, contact time, pH solution, sample volume, and carbonization temperature were 0.1 g, 75 mg/L, 60 min, pH 7, 25 mL, and 350 °C, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms were also examined. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to examine the experimental data. The greatest quantity of MB that could adsorb on the FGAC surface was 65 mg/g, as predicted by the Langmuir model.

To conduct an analysis of the recently synthesized chalcone derivatives (A7-A17), the spectroscopic methods of FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Elemental analysis were used. An MTT test was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these compounds on five unique human cancer cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7, HeLa, Ovcar-3, and A549) to identify whether or not these compounds had cytotoxic properties. Throughout the whole of this investigation, the drug adriamycin served in the role of the study's positive control medicine. In a similar fashion, in vitro testing with the DPPH moiety was carried out with the objective of assessing the antioxidative capacity of chalcone derivatives. The AutoDock Vina approach was used to dock the created compounds (A7-A16) and related chalcone derivatives (A1-A6), synthesized previously against the active site of Aquifex aeolicus histone deacetylase (HDAC) homolog, where this homolog across 375 residues exhibits a 35.2% identity with human HDAC1. According to the findings of a molecular docking study, it was shown that all of the compounds (A1-A16) exhibited a binding mode with the active site of the Aquifex aeolicus HDAC homolog that was extremely similar to the co-crystallized ligand (Vorinostat SAHA). This was found to be the case when the ligand was crystallized along with the HDAC homolog. The in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) measurements were derived to show that all ligands have acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.

In this study, a microwave assisted hydrothermal technique was employed for the synthesis of CNT/ZnO nanocomposite. Carbon nanotubes were obtained from incineration stacks in furnaces. They were treated with concentrated (0.1 N) H3PO4. The structures of nano-composites were characterized via utilizing powder (FE-SEM), and (TEM). Specific surface area (BET), total pore volume, and mean pore size were too studied through utilizing Bruneuer Emmatt Teller (BET) technique to refer to the properties surface of the nano-composites. Several operational factors like initial concentration of GRL dye, amount of CNT/ZnO nanocomposite, solution of pH, and temperature solution by utilize of CNT/ZnO nanocomposite in the adsorption of GRL dye. It was found that removal percentage E % rises with increase weight of the nanocomposite until all the active sites of the nanocomposite are saturated. The percentage removal of GRL dye rises from 45.42% to 90.853% for solution pH increase about 3.2-10.5. The result of the kinetic was studied by means of several model kinetic like first model, the second  model,  and Elcovich model was found to be the maximum kinetic model second-order (R2=0.9986) for our adsorption investigation. The thermodynamic factor having change Gibbs energy (ΔG), change entropy (ΔS), and change enthalpy (ΔH). The negative value of ∆H (-9.043 kJ.mol-1) was estimated for the adsorption method and the adsorption is a physical and exothermic, positive value ∆S (13.8469 J.mol-1 K-1), and the values negative of (∆G) in the range temperature of 10-30 oC, confirming that the dye adsorption on to Nano composite was spontaneous.

Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin and widely found in the nature. Therefore, the modification of chitosan has been an important aspect of chitosan research. Chitosan have a good solubility, pH-sensitive target also increasing number of delivery systems. The study synthesized rization of some chitosan- amoxicillin H1 and chitosan-diclofenac H2 prodrug and release of drug. The structure of H1 and H2 was analyzed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and character TGA. Drug release of prodrug polymers was measured in three different pH (pH=2, 7, and 8) at 37 . From the obtained results, these polymers appear good drug release in a basic medium for an ester bond of polymers as compared with amide bond of the other polymer.

This study of evaluation of Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry GFAAS–Deuterium Background correction for lead determination, and application of this technique to assess whether the level of Pb(II) in whole blood is involved in pediatric, urinary tract patients, in the age range of 2-12 years old. Therefore, the research aimed to determine Pb(II) concentration in blood matrix children exposed to Pb(II) in their environmentally related daily activities by direct aqueous standardization. Blood samples for 18 patients were collected from Al-Samawah, maternity and children, Teaching Hospital, Al-Muthanna Province.  0.1 mL of blood samples were diluted by adding 0.9 mL matrix modifier (0.5% Vol. Triton X-100, 0.1% Vol. HNO3, and 0.2%w/v NH4H2PO4) and mixed properly, the same principle was applied for aqueous standard. L’vov platform was modified with 10 ppm Pd(NO3)2. For validation of results, spiking experiment analysis of four levels of samples has been used with good recovery results (102-104%). The gradients of the calibration curve, which were used below the CDC limit of BLLs, indicated that good linearity r = 0.9988 and the dynamic range was 10-30 μg.L-1. The BLLs were 11.5-18.4 µg.dL-1 for 18 samples of blood Pb(II) and LOD =0.28 µg/dL. The precision, as RSD, ranged between 2.46 and 8.56%. Accuracy and precision results imply they were sufficient to quantify blood Pb levels in the 10-30 μg/dL range. The evidence from recoveries analysis and children blood the samples were in excellent agreement with those obtained by ICP-MS and several GFAAS methods.

In this study, new Itaconimide derivatives were synthesized. A new heteropolymers (PD6, PD7 and PD8) were synthesized under nitrogen from three Itaconimide derivatives [D3-D5] in presence of Benzoyl peroxide initiator. Three drugs (Paracetamol, Carbamazepine, and Trimethoprim) carried on Itaconimide with 3-aminobenzoic acid and triethylamine. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and C.H.N.S were used to analyze all of these monomers and polymers. For heteropolymers (PD6, PD7, and PD8), controlled drug release and swelling percent were investigated at pH=2 and pH=8.0. For these polymers, intrinsic viscosities were determined and used to determine solubility. For the synthesized polymers, the in vitro thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction test was examined in breast cancer cell line (MCF7), in addition to the physical characteristics and anti-bacterial activity. The results displayed increases the activity towards bacteria for synthesized compounds compared to the Carbamazepine, Paracetamol, and trimethoprine drugs. The controlled drug release and swelling % was studied in different pH values at 37 ºC. Ostwald viscometers were used to quantify intrinsic viscosities at 25 oC and apply the solubility characteristic to these polymers.