نشریه معمار شهر
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1402)

The use of moqrans as a decorative symbol has long been intertwined with the architecture of this land in Iran, and the architect has decorated the roof of the building using various methods of using moqrans and decorated the sky with the use of moqrans. The use of regular geometry, which is the essence of Iranian architecture, is an important principle in the use of moqrans and its execution, and the proportions used in the implementation of moqrans express nothing but the use of the special principles of traditional architecture of this land. Throughout the history, like other decorative arts, moqransazi has evolved in terms of the number of uses and the addition of materials. With the beginning of the building of mosques and schools of religious sciences in new and unique forms, this decoration opened a precious place for itself, and gained great importance. The architecture of Khorasan, due to its ancient history, is a testimony to the architect's skill in using types of moqrans in the traditional buildings of this country. Muqrans in different periods and also the diversity of its use in this city have been discussed From the point of view of the amount of usage, the Safavid and Timurid periods have the most use of moqrans, and from the perspective of the variety of use, the hanging moqrans has the highest amount of use in different historical periods, and the front moqrans has been used to a considerable extent in the Qajar era.

Marginalization in cities as the rapid growth of immigration from villages into cities has caused a serious problem in urban and architecture urban. However, the immigrants do not remain uninvolved so initiate their own architecture based on their local knowledge and experience. Solutions like slums and informal or illegal settlements are some examples. The main question is through what physical and spatial method must solve the problem. Does it make sense to Collapse the shelters which resulted in unvolunteered resettlements? In what depth and width, the architectural interventions should be developed in order to result in an optimum result for residents? This paper in the first step tries to consider a deeper study of the existing architecture of informal settlements in Chabahar; then, submit a physical pattern based on the occupancy culture among the target residents. The research method is through infield studies and architectural surveys in Chabahar informal settlements. Finally, the design is organized and distributed by use of a grasshopper plugin on land.

During the last few decades, the concept of knowledge-based city has been proposed as one of the most important concepts in the field of urban planning. The present research, with a practical and developmental purpose and using descriptive-analytical method, tries to present a policy through evaluating the localization capability of urban planning indicators in Urmia city and determining the level of desirability of knowledge-based city indicators. coherent strategies to realize the dimensions of sustainable development and achieve a knowledge-based city. In order to analyze the research data, one-sample t-test was used in SPSS software to measure the localization capability of urban planning dimensions in Urmia city, and in order to check the correlation and factor load of each of the program indicators. Urban planning has benefited from confirmatory factor analysis by PLS Smart software. Also, by using the Swara technique, it has been evaluated and analyzed the level of desirability and preference of the indicators of the knowledge-based city. The results of the research indicate that each of the economic, social, physical, environmental and management aspects of urban planning can be localized in Urmia city. Also, in some aspects, the situation of Urmia is inconsistent in terms of the degree of realization of knowledge-based city policies, and in order to improve the current situation and the realization of the desired goals, proposals have been made in different dimensions.

Generative design and performance modeling for relationships between urban built forms, sky opening, solar radiation and energy Office spaces are the living places of employees, the environment where each person spends his most energetic waking hours. Therefore, the role of environmental factors in the quality of office space in the long term has a significant impact on employee satisfaction. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the role of environmental factors that create silence in employees' satisfaction with the office space. This research has an applied purpose and is a survey in terms of the nature of the method, and in terms of data analysis, it is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the employees of Kermanshah Engineering System Organization is 72 people, which is a quota systematic random sampling type. Information was collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire has been measured based on content validity and it has been approved by professors and experts in architecture and environmental psychology, and its reliability has been confirmed as 0.718 through Cronbach's alpha method. Data analysis was done through T-tests and regression and factor analysis and regression with Spss, Lisrel software. Through the confirmatory factor analysis test, the role of environmental factors that create privacy in employees' satisfaction with the office space were identified and confirmed with a factor loading of 0.4. It was determined by the regression test and the adjusted coefficient of determination; the research indicators predict 53% of the variance of employee satisfaction in the office environment and based on the regression test; The environmental component has the highest effect on employee satisfaction (beta=0.779). Research findings show that the physical, social, environmental, functional and individual components; They have a positive effect on employee satisfaction in the office environment. It can be concluded that by improving each of these environmental components, the creator of solitude; Employee satisfaction increases in the office environment. According to the findings, satisfaction is the result of a perception and evaluation process that has a hierarchical nature. Therefore, the objective components affect people's perception and mentality, and their subjective criteria cause satisfaction.

Nowadays, the inclusion of natural and biophilic urban elements in all areas of urban planning and design and construction is necessary. Biophilic environments provide plenty of light, natural ventilation and plants and green spaces that we can use in Reconstruction of gardens, hospital spaces, etc. In the ideal case, biophilic urban planning in several scales at the same time (residential, neighborhood, urban) results in a complex set of natural features and from the side The building and the site are moving towards the living area, which in turn leads to the wide urban biophilic design. This is the case that due to the spread of the corona virus and the need for children to use nature, who are city dwellers, who are more interested in They need nature any time and it is very necessary to find creative and effective ways to combine nature with urban environments. Researches conducted in the second half of this century emphasize increasing human awareness of problems and believe that many of these problems are due to lack of communication. Man is born with nature as a child. After studying the research done in this field, it can be concluded that man and nature must have a very close relationship with each other. Therefore, this research aims to extract the indicators of biophilic urbanization through documentary studies and localize and implement these concepts in the design of the studied example (phase 8 of the campus). Tools, objective observations, questionnaire will be evaluated, then it will be used by examining urban design policies to design a child-friendly neighborhood with a biophilic approach.

Public and semi-public spaces such as restaurants and cafes always have played important roles in the daily life of people. By the increasing trend of competition in the management of restaurants, the satisfaction of customers is emphasized as an important factor of the success and profitability of restaurants. The environment of restaurants contributes to customers’ satisfaction effectively, and leading to the attraction of more customers, a key element in the design of restaurants is to create private zones in these spaces. Privacy is of importance from different aspects, but it is neglected in today’s programming fields. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to investigate the physical components contributing to privacy in restaurants and to analyze how each component contributes to the satisfaction of customers. Thus, the questions to be answered in this study are what are the factors affecting satisfaction in restaurants? Which physical components in the restaurant design will lead to privacy? How have these components functioned in each case study (Lomenz and Chooji restaurants)? The present research is an applied study in terms of essence, and a qualitative study in terms of method. In the first step, the library and documental studies are investigated and the conceptual model of the research is extracted. In the second step, the indicators contributing to privacy in case studies are compared by field studies. The results indicate that the physical indicators contributing to privacy in restaurants are partitioning, color separation on the floor or walls, task lighting, change in ceiling height, application of semitransparent shells, and flowerboxes. The analyses show that in the case of Lomenz Restaurant, the most important factor of privacy is the change in form and height of the ceiling, and in the case of Chooji Restaurant, it is semitransparent wooden partitioning.

Metamorphic design is said to be a style of architecture in which, by breaking down the design subject into the influencing variables in the design and explaining the relationship between these variables, it is possible to obtain a set of responsive answers to the form in question.

The purpose of this research is to explain the process of obtaining design patterns in metamorphic architecture. The research is applied in terms of type and is descriptive and analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study is composed of experts in the field of management and experts familiar with the subject of evaluation and ranking of developing scenario-based design models in metamorphic architecture. Due to the fact that all the experts were surveyed and the necessary changes were applied to the questionnaire, therefore, the verification of the current research has the necessary reliability.

The results of the single-variable T-test and rank average showed that to understanding the state of the system, clustering the main factors affecting changes, simplifying and ranking according to the degree of importance, determining the main factors based on the effects and the degree of uncertainty and determining the two final limits for each factor, creating compatible scenarios from the combination of main factors, choosing the preferred scenario and quantifying the scenario above the standard is effective in explaining the design patterns in metamorphic architecture. Also, based on the results of paired comparisons, the most suitable model for developing a scenario in metamorphic architecture is first the interaction effect and then the trend effect and intuitive logic is the last priority.