Journal of adolescent and youth psychological studies
Volume:4 Issue: 3, 2023

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between psychological capital and innovative job performance of primary school teachers in Karaj. This research is practical in terms of purpose; In terms of the type of data, little; Also, in terms of the nature of the research, it was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research was all primary school teachers in Karaj city. 242 people were selected based on the calculation of the sample size in structural equations and the stepwise cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were the standard psychological capital questionnaires of Luthans et al. (2010), Scott and Brass (1994) innovative job performance, and Riggs and Knight (1994) self-efficacy. In the quantitative part, in order to calculate validity, content and construct validity were used, as well as in order to calculate reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α < 0.7) and composite (α < 0.7) were used, the results of which indicate validity (5.5) AVE<0) and the reliability of research questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential (Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling) through Spss-V23 and LISREL-V8.8 software. The findings showed that there is a relationship between psychological capital (0.63) and self-efficacy (0.57) on innovative job performance; Also, self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between psychological capital and self-efficacy (0.74). Finally, the findings showed that the research model has a good fit.

Extramarital relationships are among the factors that challenge family health and are the most important factors that threaten the performance, stability and continuity of marital relationships. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy on cognitive indicators (experiential avoidance and emotion regulation) in couples affected by extramarital relationships.

The current research was of the type of applied and experimental field designs of pre-test-post-test and follow-up type with the control group. The statistical population studied in this research included all couples affected by extramarital relations who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2021, and among them, 60 people were selected by convenience sampling and divided into three groups. Emotion-oriented couple therapy, acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy, and a control group (20 people in each group) were assigned. The data were obtained using the experimental avoidance questionnaire of Bond et al. (2007) and the emotion regulation questionnaire of Granfski, Kraij and Spinhoven (2001). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment based on the package of McKay et al. (2012) and treatment protocol based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (Johnson, 2004) were implemented in ten 90-minute sessions on a weekly basis. The control group did not receive treatment and was put on the waiting list. In line with inferential analysis, variance analysis method with repeated measurement and SPSS.22 software were used.

The results showed that between the three groups of emotion-oriented couple therapy, couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the witness group on the cognitive indicators of experiential avoidance (F=54.08) and emotion regulation (F=31.53) There is a statistically significant difference. Experiential avoidance and emotion regulation were lower and higher in the acceptance and commitment therapy group, respectively, at the end of the post-test than the emotion-oriented couple therapy group and the control group (p<0.01).

It can be concluded that in terms of effectiveness, acceptance and commitment therapy had the greatest impact on improving the variables of experiential avoidance and emotion regulation.

The aim of this study was to compare the model of marital conflict based on self-differentiation and familism with the mediating role of intimacy and emotional maturity in traditional and modern families.

The present study is with an applied purpose and correlation method. The population included all couples living in Tehran, sampling method was available. Out of 1107 people who answered the questionnaire, 590 couples were selected as the research sample.First, the mean and standard deviation of the traditional from modern questionnaire were calculated and based on a standard deviation from the mean, traditional families (35 pairs) and modern families (46 pairs) were separated. Data collection tools included: a researcher-made questionnaire on the separation of traditional and modern families, and questionnaires on marital conflict, self-differentiation, familism, intimacy and emotional maturity.Path analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis, and independent t-test was used to compare the means of the variables.

The results showed that this model has a good fit in traditional and modern families.

It is suggested that the characteristics of modern and traditional families be considered in medical and counseling centers in resolving marital conflict.

Comparing the effectiveness of teaching problem-solving skills based on Tolman, and Gestalt’ theories on the problem-solving methods of high school students was the primary goal of this research. The current study was a semi-experimental study, and its statistical population included all 6,000 female students in the first year of secondary school in Hamedan, Iran. The statistical sample size was 75 people (three groups of 25) selected through the purposive sampling method. Moreover, the MANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance test and the Scheffe post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that teaching problem-solving skills based on the two theories of Tolman and Gestalt affects students' five problem-solving methods. This training enhances positive and rational orientation methods and reduces students' use of negative, avoidant, and impulsive orientation methods. There is often a difference between the effects of problem-solving skills training based on these theories on students' problem-solving styles. The effectiveness of training based on Tolman's theory is higher than Gestalt's in all problem solving methods.

Marital stability is considered as a core index of continuity and durability of mutual independence, trust and friendship, and it is considered as a predictor of marital happiness and it is influenced by many individual and interpersonal factors, so the purpose of this The research was to develop a structural model for predicting the instability of married life based on attachment styles and coping styles: the mediating role of resilience in conflicted couples.

The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population included couples who referred to police counseling centers in Tehran in 2018, and 300 people were selected as a statistical sample using the available (voluntary) sampling method. (1987), the Coping Styles Questionnaire answered by Lazarus and Folkman (1985) and the Resilience Questionnaire by Connor and Davidson (2003).

The results of the path analysis showed that the findings showed that coping styles directly predict the instability of marital life in conflicted couples and that resilience plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between emotion-oriented coping styles. and had problem-oriented and marital instability, also the results showed that resilience had a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure attachment style, avoidant insecure attachment style and marital instability. However, resilience did not have a significant mediating role in the relationship between bisexual attachment style and marital instability. (P<.01)

Considering the role of coping styles, attachment styles and resilience in predicting the instability of married life, it can be concluded that training effective coping styles, paying attention to resilience and identifying attachment styles Couples between couples can prevent injuries that threaten the stability of married life.

Overweight is a public health problem in developed and developing societies and has many psychological consequences, so this study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on rumination and distress tolerance in teenage girls with high body mass index.

It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up period with a control group. The statistical population included all overweight female teenagers in the second secondary school in two public schools in the 10th district   of Tehran city in 2020-21, from which 30 people were selected by voluntary sampling and assigned in two groups of 15 people by simple random method. Became Data collection was done in addition to the demographic information checklist-researcher-made form with rumination questionnaire and distress tolerance questionnaire. 8 weekly sessions (2 sessions per week and each session for 1 hour) were performed for the subjects of the mindfulness therapy group, but the control group did not receive this intervention. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics methods; tests related to compliance with statistical assumptions and repeated measurement variance with SPSS version 26 statistical software.

The obtained results showed that rumination and its dimensions were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase as well (p<0.05).

Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the average distress tolerance score and its dimensions in the two groups in the post-test and follow-up phases (p<0.05).

Learning disabilities, problems processing information obtained from the surrounding environment, are based on neurological disorders. These processing problems can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math. The aim of the present study was to Meta-analyze the effectiveness of electrical brain stimulation on the memory of people with learning disabilities.

This research was conducted using the meta-analysis method. The statistical population included all Persian and English researches conducted in the field of effectiveness of brain electrical stimulation intervention on memory improvement of people with learning disabilities. Among them, researches with meta-analysis criteria were reviewed by comprehensive meta-analysis software.

These studies were based on 450 samples and 26 effect sizes. The meta-analysis results showed that the effect size of brain electrical stimulation on memory improvement of people with learning disability is d=1.188. This effect size is an acceptable value according to Cohen's table.

The results indicate that electrical stimulation of the brain has a great effect on improving the memory of students with learning disabilities; therefore, it was suggested that experts use these interventions to improve the memory of these students. Also, paying attention to the type of learning disorder is important in the effectiveness of the treatment

Smartphones with internet access have replaced computers, become an integral part of life and make life easier. But along with these positive features, there are also various negative effects. Therefore, the use of smartphones can also be problematic. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of symptoms of nomophobia in students based on attachment style, media literacy and locus of control with the mediation of Internet addiction.

The method of this study was correlational. The statistical population of this study was the male students of the first public high school in Qom city. 306 people were selected using cluster random sampling method. The data collection tools were Yildirim and Correa's Nomophobia Questionnaire (2015), Hazan and Shaver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), Falsafi Media Literacy Questionnaire (2013), Rutter's Locus of Control Questionnaire (1966) and Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1999). Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling method and Lisrel software.

The results showed that the model of symptoms of nomophobia in students based on attachment style, media literacy and locus of control with the mediation of Internet addiction fits experimental data (P<0.05).

It is recommended to design and implement intervention programs in schools for adolescents in the most vulnerable populations who face the adverse effects of using smartphones, especially nomophobic behavior.

People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy with virtual education method on the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all children aged 10 to 12 years in the 19th district of Tehran in 2021 who were suffering from hyperactivity and attention deficit. The sample size of 30 people was determined by the purposeful sampling method, this number of people was divided into two groups by the matching method, the number of each group was 15 people, and an experimental group received treatment based on parent-child interaction through virtual training. And the control group did not receive any treatment program. The research tool was the executive functions questionnaire of Gerard et al. (2000). The method of data analysis was univariate and multivariate covariance analysis and Spss.22 software.

The findings of the research showed that the treatment based on parent-child interaction with the virtual education method is effective on the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit (p<0.05).

It can be concluded that the treatment based on parent-child interaction with the virtual education method can be effective in improving the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder.

the review of psychological texts and studies shows that emotional regulation is an important factor in determining health and having successful performance in social interactions; so the purpose of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of the strength-based approach on coping strategies and emotional regulation of female students in the second year of high school.

The purpose of the present research was applied and its method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all the female students of high school who visited the private counseling clinic in the 5th district of Tehran in 2022 and 20 people were randomly selected in an experimental group (10 people) and a The control group (10 people) was assigned. Then, on the experimental group, a strength-based approach was performed on the group intervention based on the protocol prepared by Darbani and Parsakia (2022). In order to collect data, the research tools included Lazarus Coping Style Questionnaire (1988) and Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Also, for the statistical analysis of the data, SPSS-26 software and the method of variance analysis with three-step repeated measures were used.

Based on the findings, there was a significant difference between the scores of coping strategies and emotion regulation of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. The results of the statistical analysis of the data indicate that the strength-based approach had a significant effect on the coping strategies and emotion regulation of the experimental group members, and the effectiveness of these interventions was stable in the follow-up phase according to Bonferroni's follow-up test.

It can be concluded that the strength-based approach can be used to improve the coping strategies and emotion regulation of female students of the second year of high school. Therefore, it is suggested to use this method in centers of psychological clinics and child and adolescent counseling.

Self-harm with non-suicidal intent is a conscious behavior in which a person damages her own body tissues and can have many consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the rumination of self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included 16-18-year-old students (boys and girls) of high schools in Sari city. From this population, 100 people were selected by available sampling method, and among them 28 people who had obtained the highest scores in the non-suicidal self-injury questionnaire (NNSI), following the entry criteria, were selected in a simple random manner in a group. An experimental and a control group (each group includes 14 people) were appointed. The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy in a group method during 12 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the post-test. The tools used in this research included the non-suicidal self-injury questionnaire (Klonsky and Glenn, 2011) and Nolen Hoeksma's rumination questionnaire (1991). The data obtained in the two stages of pre-test and post-test were analyzed using SPSS-22 software by analysis of covariance.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has led to a reduction in rumination.

The results of the research provide evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy is a suitable method for reducing rumination in self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent and can lead to the improvement of their mental health.

Love and sincere emotional relationships, as one of the most important needs of a person, play an important role in the mental health of individuals and society. romantic relationships have a long history of human life because benefiting from a healthy life combined with love and intimacy is one of the basic needs of every social person. In the context of a religious society, this need takes on forms that are appropriate to religious and Shariah laws. On the other hand, having a religious approach and complying with its requirements can determine the love style of people. The purpose of this research is to explain the sociological love styles and its relationship with religiosity among citizens of Tehran.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation, the sample size includes 300 people who were selected from the north, center, east, west and south parts of Tehran by multi-stage cluster method. The data analysis of the operationalization of Kazemi and Faraji's religiosity measurement model (2016) and Sternberg's three-dimensional love questionnaire was performed using descriptive and inferential tests. The analysis of mediating variables relationships between independent and main dependent variables is done using Spss software. In addition, to analyze the structural equations governing the relationships between variables, structural equation analysis with the help of Amos software has been used.

The research findings show that the level of religiosity of people is effective on their lovemaking style. In this research, it was found that religious emotions and experiences have a strong effect on love style; So that people with higher religious feelings have more love in their life together. The results related to the fit indices of the model of the relationship between the level of religiosity and the love style of people show that this model has a good fit with the data.

Today, maintaining a family not only requires knowledge but also requires its own skills. One of the skills can be empathetic agreement that it can be reached by men. The goal of present study was to analysis of empathetic agreement-making skills among married women by their husbands.

This study was conducted using the social structuralism perspective method developed by Charms (2014). The study population included all married men who had succeeded in having happy and stable families and the sample consisted of 10 of these men who were purposefully selected from a homogeneous type based on entry and exit criteria. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The duration of each interview was between 60 and 120 minutes. The data collected by Charms (2014) method were analyzed in three stages of initial coding, axial coding and final classification.

The findings revealed three dimensions to the grounded theory: (1) what empathetic agreement- making is, (2) why empathetic agreement-making, and (3) how empathetic agreement-making.

This grounded theory can be effective in facilitating family education for the success of men in married life, studies related to empathetic agreement-making and facilitating empathetic agreement-making in the field of family counseling and treatment, and divorce prevention.

Borderline personality disorder is a complex and serious mental disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of problems in regulating emotions and controlling impulses, and instability in interpersonal relationships and self-concept. The aim of the present study was to model borderline personality symptoms based on attachment: the mediating role of self-differentiation and mentalization.

The current research is descriptive and correlational (using structural equation modeling). The statistical population studied in this research included all the female and male students of the undergraduate and postgraduate courses of Tehran Azad University who were studying in the academic year 2019-20. The sample of the present study included 370 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (Lishnernig, 1999), the Revised Close Relationships-Relationship Structure Questionnaire (Fraley, Valero Brennan, 2000), the Self-Differentiation Questionnaire of Skorn and Friedlander (1998) and the Reflective Action Scale of Fonagy et al. 2015) was obtained. In the present study, the mean, standard deviation, correlation and normality of the distribution of research variables were investigated using descriptive statistics. Also, in order to analyze the data and answer the research questions, the structural equation modeling method is used, which after confirmatory factor analysis - in the measurement model part, in the structural equation model part, the existing causal relationships between the variables are examined. In the part of the structural function model, the intensity of the causal relationships (direct, indirect and total) between the underlying variables and the amount of variance explained in the whole model is specified. SPSS and Amos version 21 software were used for this purpose.

The results showed that attachment (β=0.41), self-differentiation (β=0.24), and mentalization (β=0.28) have a direct effect on borderline personality symptoms (P<0.001). Self-differentiation and mentalization had a mediating role in the relationship between borderline personality symptoms and attachment.

As a result, it can be concluded that the modeling of borderline personality symptoms based on attachment with the mediating role of self-differentiation, and mentalization has a favorable fit.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of spiritual health in the relationship between dark personality traits and tendency to cyberbullying in high school students. It was a descriptive correlational research based on the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research was made up of all 658 male students of the first secondary school of the ninth grade in 5 public schools of Babol city in the academic year of 2023. In this research, to determine the sample size according to the number of observed variables and assigning a coefficient of 30 (7 observed variables in the model), and taking into account the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, 250 people were selected as the sample size using the available method. The research tools included the questionnaire of cyber victimization-bullying experience questionnaire of Antoniadou et al. (2016), the scale of three dark personality traits of Janason & Webster (2010) and the spiritual health questionnaire of Paloutzian & Ellison (1982). Data analysis was done by structural equation method based on regression equations. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between dark personality traits and spiritual health with the tendency to cyber bullying in first secondary school students and the research model was confirmed and in general 46% of the tendency to cyber bullying was caused by dark personality traits and spiritual health in First secondary students can be explained. Also, the variables of dark personality traits and spiritual health have a significant direct effect on the tendency to cyber bullying in first secondary school students, and the indirect path of dark personality traits with the mediation of spiritual health on the tendency to cyber bullying in first secondary school students was confirmed. This research provides practical implications for psychologists and counselors regarding the role of cognitive and spiritual factors in students' tendency towards cyber bullying.

One of the most common mental problems among tinnitus patients is anxiety. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of combined metacognitive therapy with transcranial electrical stimulation on reducing anxiety in chronic tinnitus sufferers.

The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, and the statistical population included all patients with tinnitus who referred to Rizvan Afshar Hearing Evaluation Center in Arak city in 1401. The size of the statistical sample was 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) from the mentioned statistical population, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly placed in two control and experimental groups. During 8 sessions, the experimental group was first subjected to transcranial electrical stimulation for 20 minutes and immediately underwent metacognitive therapeutic intervention for 60 minutes, and the control group received only their usual treatment (transcranial electrical stimulation). In this research, Beck's anxiety questionnaire was used to collect data. In order to statistically analyze the obtained data, univariate analysis of covariance test was used.

The mean of scores of anxiety before and after the intervention in the experimental group were 11.13 and 7.20, respectively, and in the control group, 11.40 and 8.53, respectively. The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean anxiety in the experimental group has decreased significantly (P<0.01) after the combined intervention of metacognitive therapy with transcranial electrical stimulation in comparison with the control group.

The results of this research indicate that the combined intervention of metacognitive therapy with transcranial electrical stimulation has significantly improved anxiety, so the use of this intervention is recommended for chronic tinnitus sufferers