نشریه مطالعات قدرت نرم
پیاپی 32 (بهار 1402)

Considering that soft power directs the mind and behavior in all social spheres and the ability to shape the preferences of others, and its gender is persuasive; The present study tries to show how the Bazaar Sonati institution mobilized traditional political forces in the process of struggle against the Pahlavi regime until the victory of the Islamic Revolution through the components of soft power based on Islamic-value discourse. Results and Findings The present study, which has been written using a descriptive-analytical method based on the approach of historical sociology, shows that a sense of collective identity, adherence to tradition and religion, especially the Shiite religion, a coherent network of communication with Takaya and Mosques, the culture of resistance, governorship and obedience to authority, the culture of cooperation, cooperation and historical cooperation between the bazaar and the clergy are components of the soft power and political activism of the Bazaar Sonati in persuading and mobilizing markets as part of the traditional middle class in political developments. - is a society leading to the Islamic Revolution.

The Aim of the Research is to Explain the Role of New Media as a Tool of Soft Power in Government Diplomacy and a Hybrid Research Approach Which Is From The Delphi Technique for Extracting and Summarizing the Variables of Soft Power, New Media and DiplomacyAnd to Achieve the Relationships Between the Factors of the Qualitative Sector in the Form of a Model of the Dimtel Technique, And to Test the Exploratory Model and Analyze the Mutual Effects of These Variables on Each Other, Partial Least Squares Technique Was Used Collecting Information Is a Combination of Documentary and Field Methods, But the Basis of Analysis Is The Data Collected From The Delphi Method. The Measurement Tool Is a Structured Questionnaire With a Likert Format The Sample Size Is 15 in the Qualitative Section and 60 in the Quantitative Section and the Statistical Population Consists of Diplomats, Journalists and Professors of Political Science and Communication. Sampling Method is Non-Probability Purposeful and Virtual Snowball. The Findings of the Research Showed that New Media Has a Positive and Meaningful Effect on the Relationship Between Soft Power and DiplomacyAnd The Role of New Media is the Complete Mediation of the Transfer of Power to Diplomacy. In other Words, in the Age of Communication, The Need to Have a Powerful Presence in the World Arena Is to Use New Media at the Head of the Country's Public Diplomacy Apparatus.

One of the prominent features of the 15 Khordad 1342 uprising was its religious, popular and spontaneous nature. which caused the uproar and grounds for the movement of the people of the nation and the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In the thoughts and thinking of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA), the establishment of the Islamic government and the implementation of Islamic rules had a special place that had a deep impact on the political-social and intellectual-cultural structure of Iran. The 15th of Khordad uprising is the last chain of transformation before the Islamic revolution, which Imam Khomeini's repeated emphasis on it makes its study and investigation more necessary. In the present research, an attempt has been made to answer this question, what are the soft power indicators of the uprising of 15 Khordad 1342, emphasizing the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA)? The current research is an e-applied development and documentary methods and qualitative content analysis have been used as necessary. The findings of this research indicate that the indicators of the soft power of Khordad 15 Uprising with emphasis on the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) are the spirit of self-belief and hope for the future, anti-enemy, spiritualism, provincialism and political independence.

With the emergence of modern technologies, as well as the more complex human societies and the role of the media in global relations, power has acquired different characteristics. Hard power, without the support of soft power, and soft power, without the support of hard power, cannot maintain their superiority. The United States of America, as one of the largest military and media empires in the history of the world, has been able to create fundamental geopolitical changes in the Middle East through media tools during the last two decades. It was possible to launch all-out wars against Afghanistan and Iraq and guide the events and developments of the Arab world with the help of soft power and especially the media. Therefore, the authors in this article were looking for an answer to the question of “how the United States of America, using the soft power of the mass media and guiding public opinion, has been influential in the geopolitical equations of the Middle East?” The data required for the research was collected by the library method and the research method is descriptive-analytical in line with the theory of soft power. The findings of the research show that a large part of America's soft power is caused by the media. So that without the media, America's soft power will fall. At the same time, the soft power calculation indicators pass through a passage that the American media dominates or shapes them.

The transformation in the nature of power has also led to the transformation in the nature of wars; If the hard war is realized by occupying the land, weakening or subverting a political system by using military tools, the soft war by affecting the perceptions, cognitive system, beliefs and values of a nation, challenges the thought and model of the country's administration. Media techniques are among the most important methods used in soft war; through narration, the media shape the minds of the audience or change their cognitive system and replace them with new beliefs and values and in this way direct their individual and social behaviors and actions. In this article, we seek to find an answer to the question that in the media examined in this research, that is; The Farsi section of the BBC News Network, the Persian section of Radio Free Europe known as Radio Farda, and the Farsi section of the Voice of America - what image of the relationship between ethnic groups and the political structure do they reflect? the method of collecting information based on library study and searching on the news network sites; BBC, Radio Farda and Voice of America in a ten-year period 1391-1401. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods have been used to analyze the content. It seems that the plan of systematic discrimination is the most important agenda of the investigated media, so that it is possible to deepen the gaps and turn differences and distinctions into conflicts.

Modern governments have complex societies and mechanisms. These societies cannot be managed with immediate, simple and comprehensive decisions. As one of the pillars of modern society, media and social networks play a significant role in optimal and efficient public policy. The influence and manner of connecting media and public policy is one of the new topics in the field of public policy studies. In this article, the impact of mass media as soft actors on public policy was investigated using the library method. The results of this study show that the media plays a positive and negative dual role in policy making. The positive side of establishing and linking public opinion with the government and persuading the majority of people to increase the probability of success of policies, its negative side, especially with the expansion of social networks, the boom of populism and providing false information to the society, and finally creating social barriers against some policies and creating obstacles for The reforms are fundamental.

Smart power is a purposeful and intelligent combination of hard (coercion and coercion) and soft (persuasion and attraction) power, the use of which leads to improving the capabilities of a country in foreign policy and obtaining national interests with less cost and time. This problem has caused governments to try to use the combination of their soft and hard resources in different ways according to different conditions. Taking into account the surrounding developments of Iran in West Asia and the connection of Iran's national interests with these developments, the question arises as to how the Islamic Republic of Iran has used intelligent power in realizing its goals and interests. The findings of this research, which were collected in a descriptive-explanatory method, show that it can be said that Iran was not passive to the developments in the surrounding environment in West Asia, including in Syria, but in line with the realization of its goals in order to gain influence and deal with the increasing threats of power. Houshmand (soft power and hard power) has been used so that in the hard dimension of Iran's jihadist presence in Syria, the military presence to maintain the balance of power and strengthen the security of Syria, the presence of resistance forces in Syria, and in the soft dimension, emphasizing the democratic procedure to solve the crisis, opposition to separatism. Syria has been attracting the support of other countries to Syria.

The appropriateness of managerial skills of AJA managers in order to run and manage institutions and organizations can play a fundamental role in the success of organizations. The current research was done with the aim of identifying the competencies of AJA managers and providing a model to explain them. In this research, the "Sendelowski and Barroso" seven-step hybridization method was used Based on this, the research community is based on databases (Noor specialized journals (Noor Mags), the country's publications information bank (Magiran), Knowledge Reference (Civilica), Ganj base, and the Persian scientific search engine (Elmnet)) and domestic authoritative journals in this They formed a domain where 140 sources were found. Sampling was done based on meta-combination steps and 46 samples were selected based on pre-determined criteria. In order to analyze the data, open and axial coding was used, and in order to determine the reliability of the research data, the verification strategy of the research colleagues was used. During the process of analyzing and combining the findings, the competency model of AJA managers was formed by extracting 164 concepts, 28 categories and 8 dimensions (knowledge competence, value and moral competence, managerial competence, leadership competence, skill competence, behavioral competence, scholastic competence and insight competence).

It seems that the most important element of China's soft power policy is the Belt and Road Initiative, and China is seeking to invest its surplus capital in the revival of the ancient Silk Road. This article shows that the Chinese government actively pursues economic diplomacy based on soft power. It follows the Belt and Road Initiative and relies on hard power sources for its effectiveness. With the intensification of five Belt and Road Initiative cooperation in Iran, it can be said that China's soft power is also on the move, which may significantly change the prevailing mentality in Iran regarding the quality of Chinese-made goods, services and infrastructure. Remarkable progress. The Belt and Road Initiative's five dimensions of cooperation (i.e. policy coordination, infrastructure development, trade and investment, financial integration, and people-to-people communication) in Iran emphasize the increasing risks and deepening of complex interdependence in China-Iran relations. This article examines Iran's position in China's Belt and Road Initiative in the context of complex interdependence. The hypothesis of the research is that due to Iran's location in the third layer of China's neighbor in two economic-commercial areas and the security of transportation and transit routes, it has a special geopolitical, geoeconomic and geostrategic position for the Belt and Road Initiative. This article seeks to investigate Iran's position in China's Belt and Road Initiative using an explanatory method.

By implementing and improving the strategic management of human resources, the process and flow of knowledge management in organizations can be controlled and this knowledge can be used to achieve organizational goals. Based on this, the current research is designed with the aim of measuring the effect of knowledge management on the critical performance of the organization, taking into account the mediating role of strategic human resources management. The method of conducting the present research was a bit of a field type with a survey technique. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical community of experts of banking companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange was about 560 people who were selected by simple random classification sampling method using Cochran's formula, about 230 people to answer the research question. The data analysis tool was Spss software version 23.The results of the path analysis regarding the measurement of the effect of knowledge management on the vital performance of the organization with the mediating role of strategic human resources management showed that with 99% confidence, the variable of knowledge management on organizational performance was directly 0.19 and through the promotion of strategic human resources management, the effect was 0.91. will be positive. Based on this, it is suggested that in order to adopt a knowledge management strategy in organizations, strategic human resource measures should be created in order to improve organizational performance, which will double the effect of knowledge management strategy on organizational performance.

In any society, the attention of government officials and policymakers to welfare is considered important and necessary; Because welfare is one of the main indicators of development and is one of the key elements in the growth and development of society. The Islamic Republic of Iran was formed on the basis of the teachings of the religion of Islam and with emphasis on religious components and religious values. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the dimensions of the components of public welfare promotion with a soft power approach. The present study is development-applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative stage, in order to design a research model, 20 purposefully selected academic and executive experts were interviewed, and the interview process continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In a small step to validate the research model, managers and government experts in the field of public welfare were asked for a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and smart PLS software. The sample size of 216 people was calculated by Cochran's formula and the sample members were selected by simple random sampling. Based on the findings, three variables of drivers, strategies and consequences for promoting public welfare and soft power performance were identified. The results showed that the use of soft power principles in promoting public welfare can play a significant role. Also, government strategies play an important moderating role in improving the public welfare situation in society.

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1978 was the beginning of the hegemony of a new discourse in the form of religion in the contemporary world, which was able to change the view of Iranian society into two categories of religious government and look to the future. This discourse created a new movement towards the new Islamic civilization, a new horizontal horizon not only in Iran but also in most Islamic countries and in the international arena. Therefore, it has always been necessary that in order to achieve Islamic civilization, a sub-discourse should be formed as an accelerating factor within the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, which seems to be present in the discourse of resistance. Therefore, the main question is what characteristics this discourse should have in order to push the Islamic system towards the new Islamic civilization as quickly as possible. This article intends to introduce the mentioned discourse as one of the necessities of achieving a new Islamic civilization by using the method of Laclau and Moff discourse analysis method and the Supreme Leader's emphasis on the importance of discourse-building on the characteristics of resistance discourse.