Social Determinants of Health
Volume:9 Issue: 1, 2023

Child food insecurity (CFI) in Florida is 25% higher than the national average, however, no studies currently exist which investigate the association between CFI and population health or social determinants of health in the State. The goal of this study was to identify those variables in order to inform future policy addressing CFI in the state of Florida.

Data on CFI, child health, and social determinants of health were collected from the Florida Department of Health website for the years 2014-2018. Variables were selected based on previous studies on CFI conducted primarily in the United States. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine associations between the selected variables and CFI in Florida.

CFI had a moderate positive association with emergency department visits among children aged 0-5 in the years 2017 and 2018. All other child health outcomes examined in this study did not have significant associations with CFI. Teenage mothers represented the strongest positive association with CFI whereas breastfeeding represented the strongest negative association.

In Florida, CFI surprisingly had few correlations with population health outcomes that have known national associations. This indicates that the factors contributing to and resulting from CFI are different in Florida relative to those found nationally. Several social determinants of health were identified that could help identify individuals and communities at increased odds of having CFI.

Frontline healthcare workers,a vital workforce in developing countries is often out of mainstream vision and their challenges and coping behaviors under stressful conditions remain unclear to stakeholders. This study was undertaken with the objective to explore the challenges faced by community surveillance workers and their coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic.

A qualitative descriptive studywith constructivism paradigm was undertaken for a period of one year by conducting eight focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews among the health workers undertaking COVID-19surveillanceselected purposively from eight wards within three Boroughs of a Municipal Corporationusing interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to compare and contrast the codes to generate themes inductively under two constructs.

The first construct, factors influencing work related stress was categorized into four themes related to-work environment, community’s response towards pandemic surveillance, organizational support and personal factors. Main predisposing factors of work place stress were risk of self-infection, concern for family safety, inadequate training, shortage of manpower and protective equipmentetc. While a strong commitment towards work, assistance from local community influencers, administrative appreciation and supportive supervision were protective factors against stress. Second construct on coping strategies was categorized into managing stress by problem-focused strategies like adapting with experience, gathering information and sharing experiences, adopting self-care practices; while emotion-based coping strategies included denial, venting out, or turning to religionetc.

Community surveillance workers faced considerable and variable stress during pandemics due to various underlying work stressors, managed innovatively, using self-coping strategies.

The present study aimed to investigate the factors that determine the actual efficiency of pharmaceutical companies.

This study was an applied and descriptive-correlation research. Using the financial information of 28 pharmaceutical materials and products companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during 2013-2016, modeling of multiple variables on the real returns of pharmaceutical companies was performed. Data entered to excel and were calculated and the relationship between independent and dependent variables was analyzed by performing multiple regression tests in Eviews software .

There is a significance association between company size and real stock returns, but there was no relationship between assets and real stock returns and between equity returns and real stock returns. Between financial leverage and real stock returns, between price-to-earnings ratio and real stock returns; a significance association was observed between the ratio of book value to the market and the real stock return, and between the margin profit and the real stock return.

Considering the importance of the factors determining the real return of pharmaceutical products and materials companies, it is expected that the financial characteristics of pharmaceutical companies and Stock returns on the Tehran Stock Exchange should be used by planners as a guide for investors in Tehran Stock Exchange.

This study was conducted with the intention of evaluating the prevalence of headache disorders in Tehran, assessing medical seeking behaviorand costs endured by individuals affected, and compare them between men and women.

A cross-sectional studywas conducted including individuals aged 18 and older from general population of Tehran through stratified random sampling method. Information on demographic characteristics, headache features, medical help seeking behaviors, medications used, and economic cost endured were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. The characteristics of the study population were presented using descriptive analysis. Chi-squared test and Independent T test were performed to compare the variables between sexes.

Data on 523 adult participants were analyzed. Main findings showed a prevalence of 96% for all headaches in adults, including 47.9 % (n = 241) women and 52.1% (n = 262) men. Mostly described their headache as a squeezing sensation (32.8 %) felt bilaterally (78%) with medium intensity (59%). About a third (31%) reported reduced productivity due to headache. The prevalence of self-treatment was 75% in study population and about two third reported using medications for acute treatment of headache. MeanSD out of pocket payment of US$139 114.6, and average monthly expenditure of US$4.1 13.4 for headache management purposes were documented. No significant differences were found between the sexes in terms of headache features, treatment-seeking behaviors, and headache management expenditures.

Findings point to the importance of prioritizing headache disorders in future decision-making and resource allocation strategies.

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the empowerment of faculty members to launch start-ups in the branches of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.

This research was descriptive-analytical. Its statistical population included 27,000 faculty members working in the Islamic Azad University, Tehran branch. The sampling method was cluster random sampling. The sample size was 50 people in the qualitative part and 384 people in the quantitative part. The research tools were researcher-made questionnaires, with a Likert scale and semi-structured interviews. For statistical analysis, confirmatory factor analysis tests, t-tests, and multivariate regression were used by SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that there is a significant difference in the components affecting empowerment, including marketing and commercialization of knowledge (β=0.354), attracting elites and from business (β=0.306), and knowledge sharing (β=0.265). financial risk analysis (β=0.143), formation of business support association (β=0.111), value design and use of new technologies (β=0.075), financial and legal support of the government (β=0.066), creating environmental changes (β=0.056), increasing value-creating activities (β=0.044), providing infrastructure (β=0.037), and discussing startups (β=0.024) in the order of priority. The partial regression showed the impact of discussion about startups and environmental changes on the empowerment of faculty members.

It is essential to consider human resources, knowledge commercialization, elite recruitment, knowledge sharing, financial risk analysis, financial and business support, use of new technologies, environmental change, value creation activities, providing infrastructure, about start-upsbased on the transformational attitude of management .

Many factors are effective in business development and experts have emphasized marketing and consider it one of the most important factors determining business survival. This study aimed to present a model of how small and medium companies enter regional markets with an entrepreneurial marketing approach.

This study was a mixed research type. In the qualitative part of this study, market entry strategies were investigated and identified using the method of literature review and existing texts. To design the questionnaire, the opinions of 15 business management experts were used by the snowball method to obtain suitable samples for the study, and then the model was approved by the experts using the meta-heuristic method.

100 people were present for the implementation of this study, 6.7% of the participants in the study had less than 10 years of work experience and 40% between 16 and 20 years, and 20% had more than 20 years of service. The proposed conceptual model of the research, which is obtained from the met heuristic process, shows that the initial conceptual model of the research consists of 4 categories of dimensions (entrepreneur orientation, market orientation, customer orientation, and innovation orientation) and 48 concepts and 182 codes (indicators).

Given the importance of socioeconomic factors on health outcomes, businesses should consider the market distribution network, knowledge infrastructure, business capability, product innovation, the risk of participation, competitors, market development, and strategies.

Nowadays, charitable activities are considered as one of the most important strategies to reduce poverty and response to social deprivation. This study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the challenges and barriers of promoting national philanthropy in the area of charity, considering the role of various governmental and social institutions.

This mixed study was conducted using two quantitative and qualitative phases. The quantitative phase included a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted on 300 employees of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Organization in Kerman province, and the qualitative phase was conducted using the institutional mapping method. The participants in this section included experts in the philanthropy sector at the level of Kerman province.The multi-stage model includes various information and analyzes that will be obtained from the studies of the institutional mapping project, which include: the first step included the review of secondarysource documents and the second step included interviews with experts.

The results of this study showed that the mean score of the participants in the organizational performance scale was estimated at 118.74±14.74. The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between education (p=0.013), gender (p=0.040) and performing spontaneous promotional activities and attracting philanthropists in the last six months with organizational performance scores.

The present research indicated that there are various barriers in the area of national philanthropy, and it is recommended that institutions and organizations operating in the relevant areas pay attention to the identified factors.

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying indicators of social and emotional health competence of managers of education departments, as a case study of Bandar Abbas city.

This study wasapplied research conducted by descriptive-correlational method. In the first section, using content analysis method (interview with experts), 20 expertsattendin the field of educational sciencesand educational management.In the second, to design a structural-interpretive model, 15 experts were used to answer the questionnaire. Data collection was performed by a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability coefficient and factor loads. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content and construct validity.Analysis of descriptive indices and correlation matrix between them were performed with SPSS and model fit was examined with Smart PLS software.

Factors affecting social and emotional competencies have high influence. Professional competencies, especially basic and teaching-related competencies have a significant effect on teachers' educational performance. Themes include 8 main variables about quality of work life, protectionism, realism, trust building, social commitment, job competence, individual and social competence.Weak, medium and strong value of the structural part of the model is determined by criterion of R2were 0.19, 0.33 and 0.33.

Emotional and social functioning and concurrent conditions among education and referral managers for the implementation of evidence-based interventions may be useful for the overall performance. The results of studyare useful for improving the emotional and social skills of education managers.

Job motivation of workforce is one of the most important issues that organizations face to perform their tasks and duties well and with confidence and maintain their effectiveness.

The present study was applied research conducted by using a combination of library studies and Delphi technique. The sample size of the present study was 332 employees of Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan. They were selected using Cochran's formula. Two researcher-made questionnaires including jobmotivation questionnaire with 54 questions and health factors questionnaire with 30 questions were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-22, Lisrel, and Amos-22 Software.

The variable of factors related to job motivation consisted of 15 components. The variable of job motivation in general found that according to the scoring scale of Abbas Bazargan, this variable is at more than satisfactory level. The variable of health factors was at more than satisfactory level. There was significant association between job motivation with health factors (P<0.001). Relationship between job motivation and health factors showed that direct and significant relationship between job motivation with health factors. The value of path coefficient of impact of health factors on job motivation showed that the relationship between job motivation and health factors is significant.

Job motivation is a multidimensional phenomenon that cannot be measured directly by one variable. One of the important tasks of organizations is finding the ways to create and strengthen motivation. Managers should consider motivating employees as one of the most important tasks.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the participation functions in green space projects of Tehran Municipality on the development of the areas covered by these projects.

The present study was an analytical cross-sectional designthat 34 employees of municipal green spaces in Tehran were selected by random sampling method. Artificial neural network is a practical method for learning various functions. The questionnaire used in this study was developed by an extensive reviewingof the existing literature on the research topic by the researcher and using the opinions of the advisors and supervisor. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and analysis was done with SPSSWin16 and MATLAB.

There is a significant relationship between urban social functions, urban economic functions, urban environmental functions, urban institutional functions, rural social functions, participation. Urban environmental functions of participation in green space projects, urban institutional functions of participation in green space projects, and rural social functions of participation in green space projects in total account for 55% of the variable changes in the development of the covered areas. The use of artificial neural networks showed that the municipality's green space has been effective in urban and rural population changes.

there is a significant relationship between the social, economic, environmental, institutional, and rural social functions of participation and the development of the covered areas, urban planning managers can use neural network to investigate the role ofmunicipal green spaces in urban and rural population changes so that effective action can be taken.

The goal of the current study was to assess the relationship of metabolic syndrome(MetS) with subjective social status(SSS) and depression symptoms among coronary artery disease patients(CAD).

This is a cross-sectional study;data were gathered from patients who want to participatein the study through a simple sampling method from December 2019 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria were all patients aged 30 and over with any documents showingCADfrom a university referral hospital in Rasht, Iran. SSS and depression were assessed using the MacArthur scale and beck depression scale, respectively. Study analysis hasbeen donewith descriptive analysis and logistic regression.

Data related to 500 CAD patients with a mean age of 61.81(SD=12.25) were assessed. MetS was observed in 57 % of the study population. Almost 75% of the population were in the lower SSS category(rung≤6).we find no significant association between MetS and SSS(OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.53-1.19, P=0.274). The odds of MetS was more in women compared to men [OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.16-2.42, p=0.006] as well as in nonsmoker rather than smoker(OR= 0.61, 95% CI=0.41-0.91, p=0.018). There was no statistically significant association between depression and the odds of MetS(OR=0.98, P=0.950). After adjustment, we didn’t detect any statistically significant association between SSS and MetS(OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.49-1.12, P=0.163).

Although the present study failed to show the association between subjective social status and MetS, more researches need to examine theconsequence of perceived social standing on the cardiometabolic risk factors.

Increasing urban population and the need for accountability and citizen orientation have led decision makers to use the desired methods in the area of urban management. This article identified the barriers to development and construction of hospitals in metropolitan of Isfahan.

This study was descriptive-correlational in terms of method. 376 people were studied. They were selected using stratified random sampling method. To data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. It included 41 questions in two dimensions of urban and regional barriers and planning and management. The construct validity of the research variable structure was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis.Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also estimated to be higher than 0.7. Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS-23.

Theindicators shown that the model for measuring institutional obstacles to achieve good urban governance is suitable. The results showed that planning and management and urban and regional variables as institutional barriers have a significant impact on the construction of the hospital and it shows that these structures have a direct impact on these barriers. Therefore, it can be said that the influence of planning and management variables was more than other dimensions.

Based on the observations can be shown that the policy makers should identify the obstacles facing the collaborative models and then provide a suitable platform for their organizations.In order to reduce planning and management obstacles, should be managed within the framework of plans and stakeholders should be involved in the decision-making process.

social networks are dynamic due to continuous increases in their members, communications, and links, while these links may be lost. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the link and communication between social network users using the centrality criterion and decision tree.

After checking the nodes in the network for each pair of unrelated nodes, some common nodes in the proximity list of these two groups were extracted as common neighbors. Analysis was performed based on common neighbors, association prediction process, and weighted common neighbors. Prediction accuracy improved. Centrality criteria were used to determine the weight of each group. New Big Data techniques were used to calculate centrality measures and store them as features of common neighbors. Personal characteristics of users were added to build complete data for training a data mining model. After modeling, the decision tree model was used to predict communication.

There was an increase in sensitivity, which indicated model power in identifying positive categories (i.e., communications) when users' characteristics were used. It means that the model could identify potential latent communications. It can be stated that users are more willing to make a relationship with users similar to them through common neighbors. Personal characteristics of users and centrality were effective in method efficiency, while removal of these properties in the learning process of the decision tree model caused a reduction in efficiency criteria.

Prediction of latent communications through social networks was promising. Better results can be obtained from further studies.

Family shapes children's mental health and is a safe environment to ensure their mental health. This study aimed at comparing the mental health of adolescents in monogamy and polygamy families based on maternal psychological, economic, and social variables.

This is a causal-comparative study, which was carried out on all adolescents aged 14-18 years old in the monogamy and polygamy families of Saravan city in the academic year of 2020-2021 with their mothers. Two hundred forty people were selected by convenience sampling method. Goldberg and Hillier General Health Questionnaire, Ghodrat-Nama Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire, and Drogaits Symptom Check list-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used. SPSS-26 was used to analyze the data. The results were analyzed using independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mental health of adolescents in monogamy and polygamy families (P=0.034). Adolescents in monogamy and polygamy families were significantly different in only one component of mental health which is hostility (P<0.05), but in terms of other components there were nosignificant differences (P>0.05). Adolescents in polygamy families had lower mental health than children of monogamy families with moderate mental symptoms (P=0.003). Moreover, the high socio-economic status of mothers brought about a significant difference in adolescents' mental health (P=0.020).

According to the results, the mental health and socio-economic status of mothers affect the mental health of adolescents, so comprehensiveprograms to promote mental health and attention to the socio-economic status of mothers can increase it in adolescents.

Several studies have investigated the role of physical activity (PA) in self-efficacy (S-EF) and self-esteem (S-ES) of people, especially visually-impaired individuals. Therefore,the goal of this research was to compare the S-EF and S-ES in athlete and non-athlete blind and visually impaired individuals.

In this study, the population comprised all blind and visually impaired people in Arak, among whom 92 participants withthe mean age of 32.42 ± 11.46 were selected as the sample of the study by purposive sampling method. Based on a demographic questionnaire, they were divided into two groups of athletes and non-athletes. The research instruments included a self-esteem index (SEI) and a general self-efficacy scale (GSES) which were completed by an interview. The results were analyzed using one-sample and independent samples t-tests. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data at a significance level of P = 0.05.

The results indicated that overall in athletes, the average S-EF and S-ES were higher than those in non-athletes. The results also showed that the S-ES of athletes was significantly higher than the theoretical average (P = 0.001) and there was a significant difference between the overall S-ES of the visually impaired and blind athletes and non-athletes (P = 0.001).

In general, the results showed that exercise and PA, especially group PA, may play an effective role in increasing S-EF and S-ES of the blind and visually impaired people.

Today, education and training are associated with deep, broad, and meaningful concepts which approached to serve humanity. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of psychodrama with training parenting behavior management skills on social adjustment, anger, and aggression in preschool children.

The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all preschool students of Tehran-Iran (District 9) during 2020. The samples were selected through cluster sampling (n=45) andrandomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=15 each). Participants were measured through Dokhanchi social adjustment questionnaires and Anger and Aggression-Novako scale. Parental behavior management skills training programs are administered in six sessions 90minutesfor parents and psychodrama included ten 45-minute sessions for children. The control group did not receive any intervention during the study. The results were analyzed usingan analysis of covariance. SPSS version 24was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the social adjustment of children in the psychodrama and the parental behavior management groups increased comparing the control group (P=0.001). Psychodrama reduced all three components of aggressive behavior, thinking, and feeling (P =0.001). The components of anger and aggression in parental behavior management havereduced significantly comparing the control group (P=0.001). Also, parental behavior management program effectiveness was significantly higher than psychodrama (P<0.05).

The study results showed that the effect of parental management skills on reducing anger-aggression and increasing social adjustment was higher than psychodrama.

This study aim was to investigate the relationship between the importance of tax exemption, financing and investment decisions on the performance of medical equipment companies in the capital market of Tehran.

The research environment included Tehran capital market and the research population included 29 companies. Using random sampling method, 101 managers or financial and administrative deputies, financial managers, accounting heads and accounting experts were selected and questionnaires were distributed among them. Using SPSS22 software (demographic and reliability description) and Smart PLS2 software, confirmatory factor analysis (review of measurement model) and exploratory factor analysis (review of structural model), the fit and overall quality of the model was examined and research questions were analyzed.

Based on the results, tax exemption has a significant relationship with financing decisions of medical equipment companies in Tehran capital market. Tax exemption has asignificant relationship with the investment decisions of medical equipment companies in the capital market of Tehran. Financing decisions have a significant relationship with the performance of medical equipment companies in Tehran's capital market. Also, investment decisions are significantly related to the performance of medical equipment companies in the Tehran capital market.

It can be shown that the necessary support, such as tax exemption, will increase the performance of medical equipment companies in the Tehran capital market by influencing investment and financing decisions, considering the capacity of this sector and potential markets.

Responsive teaching values students' cultural references in all aspects of learning. This study aimed to investigate the status of different dimensions of responsive and justice-oriented education in the area of health from the perspective of experts at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences and to provide solutions to improve the quality of health services.

This is an applied, descriptive survey with a mixed approachto develop educational programs. Using stratified random sampling 335 faculty members of the Educational and Medical Center of Payambar-e Azam were selected. A literature review and survey of experts for Qualitative data review were done. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 5 main dimensions and 170 items was prepared. ForQualitative data review, the data obtained from semi-structured interviews with experts. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was greater than 0.70, indicating the confirmation of reliability.

The status of responsive and justice-oriented education in the area of medical science education is desirable in most components, but the components of educational equipment and financial resources, acceptance of new ideas, sense of responsibility in the educator, selection of capable people to provide education, planning educational programs, and the ability of education officials to make decisions in difficult times were not in desirable status.

It is necessary to develop educational programs so that students can acquire the necessary knowledge and skills for their future profession and the ways to be paved for their mastery and clinical skills.

Psychological distress among prisoners has a higher percentage than among the general population. This study investigated cognitive emotion control techniques' mediating function in the interaction among maladaptive early schemas with psychological distress.

The male inmates of Chenaran Prison in Razavi Khorasan Province were the participants of this correlational and descriptive study in 2021. Out of which350people were selected as samples using the method of convenience sampling.Data were collected by the questionnaires of Young Schema Short Form, Psychological distress, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation.Software such asAmos 24, SPSS 25and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

Path coefficient findings indicated that early maladaptive schemas have a positive and significant direct impact on cognitive emotion regulation strategies (=0.58, P =0.01) and psychological distress (=0.37, P=0.01). Also, the direct effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on psychological distress was positive and significant (=0.65, P= 0.001).Examining the standardized coefficients of indirect effects showed that by cognitive emotion control techniques, maladaptive early schemas used to have a beneficial and substantial impact on psychological distress (IF= 0.37, P = 0.001).

According to the findings, early maladaptive schemas can predict the level of psychological distress by influencing emotion regulation strategies.This research reveals the requirement to pay closer attention to the inmates' mental health through comprehensive planning to empower them and timely interventions.

Using effective interventions to reduce incompatibility among couples can play a role in preventing divorce in the family. The present study aimed to comparethe effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy (EFCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on forgivenessin incompatible couples.

The present research is a quasi-experimental study that was done on couples referred to a family therapy clinicinTorbat-e-Jam City. Here, 24 incompatible couples were selected through purposive methods and randomly replaced in three groups. The first and second groups (8 couples in each group) received emotion-focused couples and acceptance and commitment therapies, respectively, and the third group as control (8 couples) did not receive any intervention during the study period. All three groups were evaluated before and after the intervention with a standard questionnaire of Bagarozi forgiveness (2001). Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 20 and covariance analysis.

The findings revealed that both therapiesof EFCT and ACT had a meaningfuleffect on forgiveness (P < 0.001, F = 41.73, and P = 0.031, F = 5.13; respectively); while the results indicated that the two groups under intervention have no significantdifference in terms of effectiveness on the variable of forgiveness (P=0.63, F=0.23).

According to the results and effectiveness of the two therapy groups, it is recommended to use a combination of approaches according to the therapeutic goals.

Coping is essential for adjusting to life's stresses to optimize wellbeing. This study examined associations between coping, quality of life, and psychological wellbeing among adult patients seen in the primary care clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital.

Using a cross-sectional design, we elicited information from 230 subjects that were selected using systematic sampling. Four instruments were administered: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Coping Strategies Inventory –short form (CSI-SF), the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Pearson correlation and logistic regression were done using IBM SPSS version 23.0.

Most subjects were less than 30 years old (54.3%) and female (53.0%). Problem-focused engagement positively correlated with all QOL domains and associated negatively with depression (p<0.05). Emotion-focused engagement positively correlated with the psychological and environmental domains (p<0.05). Emotion-focused disengagement negatively correlated with the physical, psychological, and social domains and positively correlated with anxiety and depression (p<0.05). Problem-focused disengagement positively correlated with the psychological domain and negatively correlated with depression (p<0.05). In logistic regression, emotion-focused disengagement was the only predictor of psychiatric diagnosis (OR: 1.05, 95%,CI: 1.01-1.09).

Copingstrategies are linked to life quality and mental wellness. More research is advocated to explore the observed interrelationship further.

Excessive and anachronous antibiotics using in the food industry and the production of livestock products has resulted in multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria against various antibiotics. This study aim was to investigate tetracycline and sulfonamide residues in commercial egg yolks.

Escherichia coliwas extracted from 500 egg yolk samples of 37 Iranian brands and tested by phenotypic isolation method and resistance testsfor tetracycline, sulfonamide, and nitrofurantoin antibiotics. DNA was extracted from 12 identified multidrug-resistant strains to investigate the molecular mechanism of MDR by PCR with specific primers for tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetG, tetE, tetH, sul I, sul II, sul III, nfsA, andnfsBgenes compared to control DNA (ATCC25922). Strains were using the cluster analysis by average Euclidean distance with Jaccard coefficient in SPSS-22.

Examination of 12 antibiotic-resistant E. coliby PCR indicated that there were a limited number of resistance genes in the strains. From the group of resistant genes, St2 and St12 strains contained the highest gene number (three genes) and tetracycline-resistant genes were absent in aTcc, St8, St4, and ST3 strains. A maximum of one gene from the sulfonamide-resistant group and one gene for nitrofurantoin-resistance were detected among the studied strains. The highest susceptibility belonged to atcc, St3, and ST8 strains, which were grouped compared to other strains (P-value ≤ 0.05).

Manufacturers and managers of the food industry should particularly consider the risk of increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics and implement programs for resistance monitoring to protect human and animal health.

The last criterion for behavioral abnormality occurs outside social and cultural norms. The present study aimed to design a model of behavioral abnormalities of human resources of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.

The outcomes were identified through library studies, and the fuzzy Delphi technique was used with the opinion of experts until we reached a theoretical consensus. First, 13 factors were confirmed using the opinion of 50 experts. Then, a questionnaire was designed based on the results of the first stage of the study, and the experts were asked to specify the importance of each identified stage using verbal variables. Then, the verbal variables were converted into fuzzy triangular numbers, and the triangular fuzzy mean was de-fuzzified using the Minkowski formula by Excel and SPSS-21 software.

The members of the expert group reached a consensus on all components (dissatisfaction, drug abuse, alcoholconsumption, reduction of motivation, moral corruption, malice and revenge, suicide, absenteeism, earlyand excessive leaves, theft and destruction of property, procrastination, arguments and physical violence, sexual harassment, violation of laws and character assassination and humiliation of colleagues). The de-fuzzified mean difference of experts' opinions in the two stages was less than 0.1, indicating the intensity of experts' agreement with each of the components of the conceptual model of the study.

Behavioral abnormality is one of the problems of today's organizations, and the development of behavioral models in organizations is one way to guide employees' behavior and prevent the occurrence of abnormal behaviors.

Based on diversified intergenerational living in urbanIran, this study was conducted to determine the role of intergenerational family in family functions and cultural values in Aligudarz.

This study was analytical cross-sectional based on questionnaire. The population were included over 18 years ofage in Aligudarz, 376 people were selected as a sample using Cochran sampling bysimple random sampling method. Library and survey methods were used to collect data. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used to test the hypotheses.

Elderly people have better family functions than others (P=0.011) and adhere more to cultural values. Elderly people have more management in family crises with f value of 3.140 (p=0.019). The correlation coefficient between family cohesion andfamily functions is 0.152 with a directcorrelation (P=0.003). As the level of family cohesion increases, family functions also increase. There is a direct correlation between kinship relations and family functions (P=0.777, -0.015). There is no relationship between the level of kinship and family functioning.

It is possible to improve the current status given the level of adherence to cultural values, crisis management, and family cohesion, Kinship relationships among different generations, and the relationship between the variables of adherence to cultural values, crisis management and cohesion, and family functions.

The main aim of this study was evaluating the role of social responsibility in the employer's branding model in the government organization of the Statistics Center of Iran.

This study was applied research and a mixed method. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The statistical population in the qualitative stage included 10 experts and managers of the Statistics Center of Iran, and in the quantitative stage, it included 340 managers and staff of the Statistics Center who were selected using Cochran's formula. The data were analyzed in the qualitative section by grounded theory method using Max QUDIA software MAXQDA2020, and in the quantitative section, they were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software.

In this study 340 people were analyzed. Fit tests showed that social responsibility plays an important role in the employer branding model of the Iran Statistics Center. All components with a factor load above 0.6 indicate that the model is "very desirable". Social responsibility is one of the essentials of employer branding and it is one of the important dimensions of the operational activities of organizations. The factor load of the components of "identity and credibility" was less than 0.3, these components were removed from the analysis.

Considering the importance of social responsibility as one of the requirements of employer branding and one of the important dimensions of operational activities of organizations, managers and decision-makers should pay attention to it.

Financial statements are one of the main ways for companies to communicate in order to provide financial and non-financial information to their stakeholders. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relevance of accounting information value. It was for pharmaceutical companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 26 pharmaceutical companies admitted to the stock exchange during the period of 2000 to 2019. The method of collecting information was based on two library models and the information included in the financial statements of the companies. To estimate the value relevance of accounting information in this study, the non-parametric method of classification and regression tree (CART) was used, which automatically includes non-linear relationships and interactions between variables, and simple linear regression was used to test the trend of value relevance.

The results showed that the trend of relevance of the composite value of accounting information increased during the research period for pharmaceutical companies, but it was not statistically significant. The results of the relevance of the value of single variables show a decrease in the relevance of the value of known intangible assets, which includes goodwill and software, and an increase in the relevance of the value of alternative performance measures for pharmaceutical companies.

The relevance of the accounting information value of pharmaceutical companies allows investors to easily adjust their investment strategies in the Bahadra Stock Exchange and make informed decisions to achieve their goals and allocate resources to more profitable investments.

Along with the increase in the use of social networks, the relationship between couples has undergone fundamental changes compared to the past. So that the bedroom or living room in a house is no longer considered a private place.This research aimed to study the relationship between addiction to social networks and marital satisfaction in Iran.

The current study was cross sectional. The study population included 185124 married women in Kerman, Iran. Using an available sampling method, 401 participants were selected. The study instruments included: The Enrich marital satisfaction scale and addiction to mobile-based social networks questionnaire. The collected information was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that 41.1% of the respondents entered the virtual space and connected to social networks while spending time with the family. Among the respondents, 62.8% use smartphones to connect to social networks in cyberspace. Findings showed that there is a significant and negative relationship between using social networks and marital satisfaction (r= -0/51, p<0/05). Components such as time management, personal performance and self-control, and social relationships had a significant effect on marital satisfaction (p<0/05). Also, demographic variables (duration of marriage and age difference between couples) were effective on marital satisfaction.

The findings showed that there was a significant and negative relationship between the use of social networks and marital satisfaction. Components such as time management, personal performance and self-control, and social relations had a significant effect on marital satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to look into how managerial integrity and the elements of academic entrepreneurship relate to one another.

This research was descriptive-correlational in nature. 1832 people made up the statistical population of the survey, including management, staff, and faculty from Islamic Azad Universities in District 6. 315 individuals that were chosen using stratified random sampling made up the estimated sample size.Data collection method was an academic entrepreneurship questionnaire that included 23 questions and a managers’ good character questionnaire that included 26 questions. By using exploratory factor analysis, the dimensions of academic entrepreneurship were discovered, and the internal validity of the questionnaireswas confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (higher than 0.7).

The elements of academic entrepreneurship (organizational competencies, continuous contact, university aims and policies, entrepreneurial marketing, and culture) and the positive and substantial path coefficient (p = 0.001) were found to be significantly correlated.

The change in educationalquality and the investigation of the effective parameters for encouraging entrepreneurship in academic settings were the key factors in increasing the willingness for entrepreneurship. If the willingness for entrepreneurship was associated with a good character, it can have positive results and effectiveness that can be used by managers.

The quality of healthcare services can be determined by patient satisfaction as it affects the performance, sustainability, and durability of health services. The aim of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of patients presenting to health insuranceoffices by using the data mining method.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on those who referred to the offices of the Health Insurance Organization (e.g., Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan and Yazd provinces)who were selected by non-random cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 79 items was used for data collection. Face and content validity of 0.86% was obtained using the views of five academic experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.966. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software.

The studied variables regarding quality service indicators included speeding up the administration of affairs, non-discrimination between clients, empathy with clients, keeping clients' secrets, politeness and kindness, paying attention to the needs and wishes of clients. Access to information, raising awareness, payment of compensation, attention to the rights of the disabled, rule of law and clarification of matters and criticisms were in a favorable condition, and service quality is the only unfavorable indicator in health insurance offices.

Governments are required to respect people's rights regardless of skin color, race, religion, gender, and in the present study, the satisfaction of clients with the performance of insurance service offices was evident.

Today, artificial intelligence is considered a powerful tool that can help physicians identify and diagnoseand predictdiseases. Gastric cancer has been the fourth most common malignancyand the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Thus, timely diagnosis of this type of cancer could effectively control it. Thispaper compares AI(artificial intelligence)algorithms in diagnosing and predicting gastric cancer based on types of AI algorithms, sample size, accuracy,sensitivity, and specificity. This narrative-review paper aims to explore AI algorithms in diagnosingand predictinggastric cancer.To achieve this goal, we reviewed English articles published between 2011 and 2021 in PubMed and Science direct databases.According to the reviews conducted on the published papers, the endoscopic method has been the most used method to collect and incorporate samples into designed models. Also, the SVM(support vector machine), convolutional neural network (CNN), and deep-type CNN havebeen used the most; therefore,we propose the usage of these algorithms in medical subjects, especially in gastric cancer.

Spinal fusion surgery (SFS) is commonly performed as an elective procedure in the United States that employs minimally invasive techniques; however, it possesses potential risks and side effects and is still considered an experimental treatment. As such, patients can often be hesitant when proposed SFS. In that regard, this study aimed to analyze and critique available SFS instructive materials, to account for the procedure’s potential risks for patients.

We have reviewed information concerning surgical procedures and policies (pre-operative to postoperative) on 20 hospitals and medical center websites. All possible keywords regarding SFS were systematically arranged and considered in various ways. The collected data was assessed and compared to identify common themes.

Our results indicate that, although some informational sources reaffirm each other’s materials, few provided key SFS details, such as potential candidates, outcomes, risks, and aftercare. Moreover, information was neither delivered systematically nor consistently, leading patients to feel anxious, fearful, or confused when making decisions involving SFS.

This paper recommends a comprehensive and interactive information system (IS) with a patient-oriented approach, which will facilitate patient decision-making and help people discern between factual data and false information supplied through social media or word of mouth. This information system could then be used for other elective procedures.