نشریه نوآوری و ارزش آفرینی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Innovation is one of the most important means of companies' competitiveness, which, if appropriate infrastructures are provided, can lead to economic growth of countries through scientific and technological development. In this study, the impact of the number of patents as one of the most important measures of innovation on the economic growth of selected developed and developing countries during the period of 2000-2020 has been analyzed with a panel data approach. Experimental results show that, taking into account control variables, innovation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in developed and developing countries. The comparison of the impact of innovation in the two studied groups shows that in developing countries that have a lower level of innovation, the effect of innovation on economic growth is greater than in developed countries. Based on this, supporting innovation, intellectual property rights and strengthening institutions related to the national innovation system in order to strengthen and extend innovation as one of the basic factors of economic growth should be considered in national planning

چکیده انگلیسی:The main goal of the research is to design a network policy model based on the general accountability of the treasury of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance using the foundation data approach. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the qualitative research method of grounded theory and paradigm model has been used to develop the aforementioned research model. The statistical population of this research was fifteen treasury managers of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, the purposeful sampling method and the data collection method was semi-structured interviews, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. By following the model of grounded theory, in the first step (open coding), the researcher has obtained the components based on the data obtained from in-depth interviews and their processing and categorization, the results of the current research lead to 31 sub-categories and 7 main sub-categories were identified, which in the form of a paradigm model include the elimination of operational gaps as causal conditions, targeted organizational orientation as background conditions, participation in decision-making and administrative health as intervening conditions. , the formation of organizational identity as strategies, sustainable organizational development as outcomes, and the central category includes public accountability, and finally, for the development and expansion of the theory of network policy based on public accountability, a general model was presented that The innovation of this research is considered.

In today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. A questionnaire based on standard questionnaires was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research was the managers of small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies in Khorasan Razavi province, which had more than 316 knowledge-based companies operating in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on Cochran's formula, 320 people were considered as samples and completed the questionnaire. Data analysis for both the direct relationship model and the moderator model was done using the structural equation modeling method in Lisrel software. The obtained results showed that entrepreneurial orientation has an effect on company performance and innovation speed. Also, the mediating role of innovation speed in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance was confirmed. In addition, the results confirmed the moderating role of contingent capital and environmental uncertainty in relation to entrepreneurial orientation and company performance

In nowadays competitive environment, achieving a competitive advantage is one of the main concerns of managers of organizations. In this way, creating innovation in products and services is one of the effective approaches in achieving a competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the role of electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) and customer loyalty on organizational innovation with the mediating role of customer knowledge management. Therfore, the present study is considered an applied and descriptive research of the correlation type. In order to collect the required data, a standard questionnaire was used, and to verify the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, divergent validity, Cronbach's alpha indices, factor loading, and composite reliability were used, respectively. The statistical population of this research is 350 employees of Semnan province government counter offices. The number of 183 people was determined as the sample of the reseach using Cochran's formula considering the error of 0.05. The required data was collected in the second 6 months of 2019. Data analysis was done using the structural equation approach and SPSS and SMART-PLS software. Based on the results of the research, electronic customer relationship management has a positive and significant effect on the three variables of customer loyalty, customer knowledge management, and organizational innovation. In addition, the result shows the positive impact of customer knowledge management and customer loyalty on organizational innovation. Also, the mediating role of customer knowledge management in the effect of the role of managing electronic communication with customers and customer loyalty on organizational innovation is quite meaningful. Due to the impact of E-CRM on organizational innovation, it is necessery for the related managers and officials of government service organizations to implement or upgraded the electronic customer relationship management systems to use advantage of such these systems for innovation in their organization

This research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of international entrepreneurial orientation in Iranian businesses. The present study is a cross-sectional survey in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method and time frame of data collection. The statistical population includes managers of Iranian businesses. The sample number of 384 people was estimated using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by simple random method. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool that was validated with convergent validity, construct validity and divergent validity methods. Using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated. To validate the model of international entrepreneurial tendency, partial least squares method was performed using Smart PLS software. Finally, the indicators of international entrepreneurial tendency were prioritized with the Swara method. The results indicate that leadership and entrepreneurial culture can be strengthened through the infrastructure of creating international entrepreneurship. In this way, a suitable strategy for entrepreneurship at the international level can be adopted. This strategy has an impact on the internationalization of entrepreneurship and the internationalization of entrepreneurship, and finally the goals of the international entrepreneurial trend will be realized.

In a knowledge-based economy, high-tech and sophisticated products play a key role because they are a tool for technological superiority, creating and maintaining competitive advantage, and increasing productivity. One of these indicators is the index of economic complexity. Given the effect of economic complexity on growth, development, social welfare, and competitiveness, as well as the significant gap in the index of economic complexity between developing countries and developed countries need to scientifically examine the factors determining economic complexity to change the approach of resource economics. A knowledge-based economy is essential in developing countries. The present study uses the Generalized Torque (GMM) method to investigate the impact of foreign capital and technological readiness on economic complexity in selected oil countries during the period 2008-2020. The findings of the study indicate that foreign direct investment and technology readiness have a positive and significant relationship with economic complexity in selected oil countries. In addition, the research findings show that natural capital has a negative and significant effect on economic complexity and financial risk control has a positive and significant effect on economic complexity in selected countries.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) rely on external sources of knowledge more than large enterprises due to knowledge and financial limitations for innovation, and therefore, collaboration with the university is more important for SMEs. However, history of the recent decades of university-industry collaboration in Iran shows that this collaboration is more focused on large industries. In the current research, using the grounded theory, after interviewing experts and reviewing relevant documents, the model of developing the university -SME’s collaboration was formulated. Based on the results of data analysis, in order to develop the collaboration between universities and SME’s, it is necessary to set up an Internet site, offices at the provincial and national levels to manage this relationship; Because SME’s due to limited resources cannot create organizations within themselves to communicate with the university. To increase the effectiveness of joint projects, the university should be connected to a network of SME’s instead of one firm, and diagnostic teams consisting of academic experts should identify the common problems of these networks. Finally, in order to implement improvement projects, it is necessary to attract the participation of all public, public and private institutions, due to the limited financial resources of SME’s.

Researching the future, developing future scenarios, and providing requirements and solutions to face the future are essential responsibilities of policymakers, leaders, and planners of higher education. Various factors and drivers, especially information and communication technologies and digital developments, have transformed universities' role in shaping the more comprehensive higher education system. In this article, based on the study of Orr et al. (2020), five scenarios and models of higher education for 2010 are presented. These scenarios include Tamagotchi, Jenga, Lego, Transformer, and Garbage Can. The Tamagotchi model is a classic approach to higher education that begins immediately after high school, leads to a bachelor's or master's degree, leads to a job, and ends the path to higher education. The Jenga model is more attractive to non-traditional students in short-term learning courses and focuses on the following stages of self-learning and organization. The Lego model is named separate composite modules of different sizes that create a self-contained, non-standardized learning path rather than a compact unit. The Transformer model represents learners who may be extended past their primary education but return to higher education to gain new knowledge or upgrade needed skills. According to this model, everyone should have opportunities to leave their current career path and change it. In the Garbage Can scenario, learners choose a combination of Tamagotchi, Jenga, Lego, and Transformer scenarios according to their work-life situation and individual goals. Universities and educational institutions depend on the institutional mission and focal values. In this scenario, applicants and academic institutions will have multiple teaching-learning choices. Digital developments are technical innovation and social innovation, the consequences of which should be considered for society, the labor market, and the higher education systemThe Tamagotchi model is a classic approach to higher education that begins immediately after high school, leads to a bachelor's or master's degree, leads to a job, and ends the path to higher education. The Jenga model is more attractive to non-traditional students in short-term learning courses and focuses on the next stages of self-learning and organization. The LEGO model is named as separate composite modules of different sizes that create a self-contained, non-standardized learning path rather than a compact unit. The transformer model represents learners who may be long past their basic education, but return to higher education to gain new knowledge or upgrade needed skills. According to this model, everyone should have opportunities to leave their current career path and change it. In the Karbeijken scenario, learners choose a combination of Tamagotchi, Jenga, Lego, and Transformer scenarios according to their work-life situation and individual goals, and universities and educational institutions depending on the institutional mission and focal values..

A review of the research literature shows that a similar structure can not be observed for the models presented in the field of innovation ecosystem in the conducted researches; Therefore, in order to increase innovation in companies, an appropriate model of innovation ecosystem should be designed based on local characteristics and constraints. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a conceptual model of innovation ecosystem in small and medium enterprises using ISM-SEM. The method of work was descriptive-causal. The statistical population of this study included two sections of experts and managers of small and medium companies in East Azerbaijan province. In this research, 11 experts participated in the first part and 335 managers of small and medium companies in the second part of the research answered the questionnaires. Two questionnaires were used to collect data, which were distributed among the members of the statistical sample after determining their validity and reliability. For data analysis, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and structural path modeling (SEM) have been used. The findings of the structural-interpretive modeling section show that the dimensions of the innovation ecosystem in small and medium industries are in five levels, each of which has direct and indirect relations with other levels. Also, the test of the developed model among companies has shown the appropriate validity and reliability of the developed model and the confirmation of direct and indirect relationships between the dimensions of the innovation ecosystem in small and medium enterprises.

The present study was conducted to investigate the quality of educational services on the campus of the technical faculties of the University of Tehran from the perspective of graduate students based on the Headperf model. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes all graduate students of the campus of technical faculties of the University of Tehran in the academic year 1398-99, which according to the latest statistics and available information is 3527 people; Using Cochran's sampling formula, 346 people were selected as the sample. Sampling method in this research is the sampling method of categories proportional to the volume. In order to collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire on the quality of educational services based on the Headporf model was used. Content and structure validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of "0.79". Findings can be prioritized in terms of academic, non-academic, reliability and empathy aspects of highest to lowest importance, respectively.

Development is context-oriented, historical, and based on the life of the world and the psychological, social, and political characteristics of nations. The result of connection, convergence, non-interaction and divergence of different elements appears in such a context. Forward-looking research using the method of comparative institutionalism using Adrian Leftwich's developmental state theory to examine and compare the issue of economic development with a focus on the politics-state-development triad in Iran and Japan in the period of 1850-1900. The technique used in this research has been collecting and using available documents and statistics. The main question of the research is the level of autonomy of government institutions, the characteristics of the civil system, and the historical situation of Iran and Japan concerning the international system, how has it affected the experience of development in the historical period in question in these countries? The obtained results indicate that due to the creation of an independent government and the creation of a network of developmental elites based on a strong and coherent bureaucracy, Japan was able to achieve success by smoothing the appropriate international platform and on the way be development. However, due to the lack of proper bureaucracy and the establishment of an autonomous government, Iran could not achieve this important task, and therefore the issue of development for Iran remained a concept of regret and mystery.

Entrepreneurship is one of the important tools in the field of business as well as a way to face the unknown world. Government organizations, like commercial organizations, can step into new procedures and methods through entrepreneurship. The present research was conducted with the aim of presenting the development model of organizational entrepreneurship in government organizations. For this reason, it was tried to design the antecedents of organizational entrepreneurship in the form of a model. The research method is functional in terms of purpose, and structural-interpretive in terms of the method of conducting and collecting qualitative data. The statistical population of the research included experts in the field of entrepreneurship and university professors (22 people in total) who participated in the Delphi panel to extract the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship based on the three-pronged model according to their opinion. In this way, the experts were first asked to comment on the factors affecting entrepreneurship, and classify them in three dimensions: contextual, structural and behavioral. The method of selecting experts was based on the snowball method. To collect data, firstly, through the Delphi technique, the components related to the three-pronged factors were extracted, and after reaching a general consensus, in order to relate these factors and provide a model of factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method was used. MICMAC software for categorize and analyze the power of penetration and the degree of dependence of the factors was used. The obtained results showed that a total of 5 contextual factors, 6 behavioral factors and 11 structural factors are generally involved in the development of organizational entrepreneurship. The results also showed that in the designed model, contextual, structural and behavioral factors are the antecedents of organizational entrepreneurship. At the end of the research, practical suggestions for organizations were presented.