International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting
Volume:9 Issue: 34, Summer 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fairness-based management behavior and justice-based management behavior on the relationship between accounting concepts and financial reporting readability in firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, corporate accounting concepts were operationalized using six indicators (financial reporting quality, social responsibility disclosure, corporate governance, audit quality, accounting conservatism, and earnings management). Twelve hypotheses were developed and tested in this study using the data from 140 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2018. The research regression model was tested using a fixed-effects panel data approach. The results showed that justice-based management behavior affects the role of financial reporting quality, corporate governance, audit quality, and earnings management in financial reporting readability. However, it does not affect the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and accounting conservatism in financial reporting readability. Furthermore, it was shown that justice-based management behavior affects the role of financial reporting quality, CSR, corporate governance, audit quality, and earnings management in financial reporting readability, but it does not have any impact on the role of accounting conservatism in financial reporting readability. The results of this study confirmed that justice-based management behavior increases transparency and supervision. It also enhances transparency and the positive impact of accounting concepts on financial reporting readability and makes the reporting environment more transparent for users of accounting and financial information.

Abstract The use of continuous auditing and monitoring tools typically involves a long continuous chain of company operations. The purpose of this research is the influence of the auditors' mental structure on the work process of the independent auditor, emphasizing the mediating role of the continuous audit process. The research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation method through Smart PLS software. According to the purpose of the research of the statistical community, auditors working in auditing organizations and auditing institutions are considered as members of the public accountant’s society of Iran. The number of respondents was 304. The snowball sampling method has been used to collect the required data in qualitative research. In this method, the future members of the sample are selected through the former members of the sample. Since the significance coefficients of the variables are higher than the absolute value of 1.96, the hypotheses of the research are confirmed; then it leads to believe that there is a meaningful relationship between the auditors' mental structure and the independent auditor's work process, and also continuous auditing plays a meaningful mediating role on the relationship between the auditors' mental structure and the independent auditor's work process. Continuous auditing is a vital tool for monitoring and providing assurance about business and financial information. In the international financial reporting environment, companies can benefit from the continuous audit system to ensure the quality of financial information reported online.

The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of the factors affecting auditor switching with an emphasis on auditor characteristics. For this end, a meta-analysis method is used to investigate the common predictors of auditor switching in order to determine whether previous research provides a consistent picture of audit switching drivers using auditor characteristics. By searching for articles published within the period from 2001 to 2021 to find Persian articles and from 1996 to 2021 to find English articles in top international journals indexed in the Scopus database, 67 articles were selected and the variables affecting auditor switching based on auditor characteristics were extracted. Egger regression and Funnel chart have also been used to evaluate the bias. The results of this study showed that variables such as auditor industry expertise, auditor tenure, audit fees, auditor opinions, audit firm size, audit quality, and financial restatements lead to auditor switching. These results contribute to research on the key factors affecting the auditor switching in terms of client characteristics and are useful for regression modeling of the factors affecting auditor switching.

The main goal the model and optimal investment portfolio selection to maximize stock portfolio returns based on the forecasted price and minimize investment portfolio risk based on the Markowitz model. This paper presents is to select the optimal stock portfolio based on data training through Markov decision-making and ensemble learning. To teach data from the data of five years (2016-2011), 85 active stock exchange companies in Iran that have been filtered based on technical, fundamental, and time series variables have been used. Therefore, the stock sets are first filtered based on optimizing trading rules based on technical analysis, Markov decision-making and ensemble learning that issued the buy signal. Data for the next 5 years (2020-2016) were also used to test NSGA II and MOPSO algorithms. According to the obtained results, if the shares are bought equally among 85 companies and maintained for five years, the average return on the total stock portfolio is equal to 13.08%, with a risk of 0.946%. While using the MOPSO algorithm has achieved an average of 43.54% with an average risk of 1.102% . The rate of return on capital for the NSGA II algorithm was also the highest in 5 years. Therefore, it can be said that based on the obtained indicators, NSGA II algorithm is the best combination of the stock portfolio.

Recent crises have faced the hotel industry with many financial risks, so that due to the lack of income, it has led to the closure of some hotels and the unemployment of their employees. Therefore, the hotel industry's financial resilience was taken into account in crisis. In this research, the financial resilience model of the hotel industry is presented in crisis, using a quantitative approach (structural equation modeling). After reviewing the literature review, the employees’ attitudes (a 137 random sample) was were examined by a researcher-made questionnaire. The participants were selected among 1448 Iranian hotels in the spring of 1401. The research method is descriptive-correlative. In order to data analysis, structural equation modeling was used. The results indicated that from the participants' opinions, although most of the components of the model are approved, environmental protection as an intervening factor has a positive but non-significant effect on the hotel industry's financial resilience in crisis. Therefore, the country's hotel industry can provide the contexts for financial resilience in crisis through applying the strategies, so that it can become financially resilient and continue its life.

Over the past few years, the growth and development of the capital market of countries and the introduction of new tools, mechanisms, and phenomena in it, have enhanced the importance of the capital market in the economy. In this research, the researcher aims to predict Stock Price Resilience in the Iranian Stock Exchange using the multilayer perceptron model of artificial neural networks. The present study has an applied approach that pays special attention to providing a purposeful method in designing stock price resilience forecasts. The statistical population is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2009-2019. The dynamic artificial neural network structure design is done in the MATLAB software environment. Comparison of AR and ARMAX statistical methods and NAR and NARX networks has been used to predict the average Stock Price Resilience for the next year. The results show that in estimating Stock Price Resilience, the highest amount of R2 is present in NARX, NAR, ARMAX, AR models, respectively. This means that the best models for estimating Stock Price Resilience are listed in order. Based on the criteria of mean square error, total square error, coefficient of explanation, prediction error of the NARX model for the stock price parameter is very low, so this model has a much higher accuracy in predicting the stock price resilience than other models so Which is a lower amount of prediction error.

Companies' annual financial reports have been a major source of information for decision-making by capital market participants, market legislators, and other stakeholders. Also, the information contained in the financial statements which have high readability has a higher value. Managers use corporate disclosures to mislead or influence investors about corporate value. Earning quality is an important feature of the accounting system. The high quality of reported earnings through information transparency and market efficiency causes the highest accounting income and economic income alignment and indicates the usefulness of earning information for users in making decisions. Poor earning quality creates risk in resource allocation, slows economic growth through misallocation of capital, diverts resources to unprofitable projects, and increases information risk. The present study investigates the effect of earnings quality on the readability of financial reporting using the structural equation approach in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2006 to 2020 and the relationship is studied in 435 firm-years observation. Research findings indicate that earnings quality affects the readability of financial reporting.

In order to maintain investors' confidence in the development of the legal framework for corporate governance, it is recommended to develop a conceptual framework and economic growth. Among the important reasons affecting economic growth and development, it can be said that, basically, stock returns are caused by capital gain and stock price fluctuations, and the return on dividends is determined by taking into account the profit earned during the investment period. In order to evaluate the stock price of the company's profit for investors and financial analysts, we must pay attention to the matching principle, because the matching principle focuses on recognizing and measuring profit. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the mediating role of corporate governance by focusing on the ANP method on the relationship between income-cost matching and stock price volatility. The research sample includes 150 companies from the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange, which covers a period of 7 years from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2019. The results of the research show that the corporate governance rating, which includes the four dimensions of the effects of ownership, shareholder equity, transparency and effectiveness of the board of directors, has a full mediating role on the relationship between income-cost matching and stock price fluctuations.

Financial resilience seeks to reduce the probability of failure or reduce financial losses and risks before and after the occurrence of economic and environmental impulses. The present research seeks to identify the factors affecting the financial resilience of entrepreneurial businesses and their prioritization and to derive an applicable and appropriate model. The methodology used in this research is mixed or combined, which was first used in the qualitative field of the grounded theory method with the opinions of 10 experts, and then the quantitative method was used using fuzzy Delphi series and structural equations method using SMART-PLS. The results of this research show that activities such as designing discovery mechanisms and creating financial resilience of entrepreneurial businesses; redesigning financial resilience processes; Creation of creativity and innovation processes in financial resilience; Creating a culture of using new technologies and the desire to innovate in the implementation of financial resilience is one of the most important factors affecting the development of financial resilience of entrepreneurial businesses.

The purpose of the research is to "provide a structural model of factors affecting the quality of internal audit in the framework of the corporate governance system." The research method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative section, primary data were collected with the help of interviews through 18 people using the snowball method. According to the methodological process, during the three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, firstly, the codes related to the topic were identified from the large number of primary data types; Then, by means of continuous comparison, a concept was extracted from several codes, and in the same way other codes were also converted into concepts until finally 118 concepts were obtained. In the next step, some concepts were put in the form of a category so that 19 categories were obtained for this research. In the quantitative part, the designed questionnaire was made available to the internal auditors of capital market companies in the number of 385 people with a non-random sampling method. The analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire showed that 5 categories appeared as the central category, which include: risk assessment, information and communication, control activities, internal control environment, supervision and monitoring. Other categories were placed in the five categories of causal conditions (3 categories), background or context (2 categories), intervening conditions (3 categories), strategies (3 categories), consequences (3 categories) to be presented in the visual model.

In this research, the effects of fiscal policy on the investment in active companies of stock exchange in the conditions of financial friction evaluated. For this purpose, the data of 105 companies during the period of 2010 to 2018 is used. First, by using the threshold panel model, financial friction conditions were determined based on the non-linear relationship between the debt ratio and Tobin's Q index. In this regard, we saw three different regimes influencing the debt ratio on Tobin's Q, two regimes of low debt and average debt was statistically significant and had a negative effect, but the third regime was not statistically significant. Also, based on the threshold variable (debt ratio between 0.4836 and 0.6565), about 69.72 companies are in the average debt regime. The results of the research showed that the effective tax rate variable (representative of fiscal policy in the model) had a negative and significant effect on the investment index of companies. Therefore, financial policy has a limiting effect on the investment of companies. On the other hand, company size indicators have a positive and significant effect and debt ratio index had to the extent that companies operate in financial friction conditions. To the extent that companies operate in financial friction conditions, their access to credit reduced, as a result, the role of tax and debt ratio in influencing investment respectively, it will be more noticeable and pale.

Firms at different stages of development face different goals of social responsibility and show different capabilities in performing social responsibility. They experience the effects of their social responsibility differently in different life cycles. The purpose of this study is to review, rank and analyze the level of responsibility of firms during different stages of the life cycle. Based on this, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) Multi-Criteria Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) which includes the company's attention to environmental issues, products, human resources, attention to customers, social issues and optimal energy consumption was used. The criteria were converted into fuzzy numbers through the questionnaire, and after collecting the results of experts' opinions, grades were assigned in the fuzzy spectrum from 1-9. Also the results showed that effective measures of life cycle measurement and social responsibility based on the mentioned approaches in the field of refinement and their importance are of different importance. Also, the score assigned to the newly established stage for emerging companies has the highest weight among other stages of the life cycle. Sensitivity analysis also revealed that for one percent change in environmental, product, human resource, customer, social and energy sub-criteria, the probability of choosing the stage of company establishment as the first priority is the highest percentage.

Managers can communicate accounting information to the capital market through discretionary accruals. Increasing the comparability and consistency of accounting allows managers to estimate discretionary accruals more accurately, and this can lead to pricing efficiency in the capital market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of comparability and consistency on the pricing of discretionary accruals. The statistical population of the study includes all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, 107 companies were selected from the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2020 as the statistical sample. Accounting consistency has been measured by employing the text mining and vector space model. In order to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the Mishkin simultaneous equations model was used. The results show that when prior-period comparability (or consistency) is higher, current period discretionary accruals are less positively correlated with contemporaneous returns and less negatively correlated with future returns, consistent with our prediction that comparability (or consistency) improves the pricing efficiency of accruals.