International Journal of Finance and Managerial Accounting
Volume:10 Issue: 36, Winter 2025

Exchange rate fluctuations are always one of the variables affecting economic activities and thereby affecting the behavior of actors in capital markets. Therefore, the study of these relationships is of particular importance. On the other hand, the present study is conducted to study the effect of exchange rate fluctuations’ spillover on capital market indicators of selected oil-exporting OPEC member countries. These countries are similar in terms of economic reliance on oil resources, but different in terms of economic growth rate and capital market characteristics. The research period is from 2016 to 2021 and data related to exchange rates and capital market indicators of Iran, Iraq, UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain are collected from reliable sources and using multivariate GARCH models. Findings from the experimental data show that currency fluctuations in the capital market affect the capital market index of Iran, Iraq, UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Bahrain. This effect is asymmetric only in the Iranian capital market, and is symmetrical in other countries.

The purpose of this article is to explain the pattern of public-private partnership(ppp)financingof contracts in the National Gas Company of the country. The research method is applied in terms of purpose - mixed type (qualitative - quantitative) and exploratory method. Participants in the quality stage, staff specialists and senior managers of the National Iranian Gas Company, which was selected based on a simple random sampling method and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information.In order to analyze the statistical data, in addition to the theoretical saturation principle, K-S test was used for data normality, Hoteling t-test, AMOS software and for model analysis, the model of structural equations and Cohennon neural networks were used. To confirm the content and form validity of the questionnaires, in addition to using the opinions of professors and experts, convergent validity and average explained variance index (AVE) were calculated. The results indicate ppp model is based on important components such as efficiency and technical knowledge, support and value-creating commitment and attention to elites and investors, the quality of performance and continuous monitoring inspection, attention to specialization and correctness of work, merit selection and discipline in work and reduction of administrative automation have been formed. Predictability neural network model for public-private partnership in financing projects of National Gas Company Iran has shown significantly The results indicate that in terms of financing, seven areas were identified, which are: individual, ethical, technical, administrative, organizational, communication, performance, each of which has sub-components that are appropriate for the financing system.

The present research has been performed to investigate the moderating effect of the firm size on the relationship between the financial crisis and the ownership structure among the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Current research is an applied and descriptive-correlative study. The research statistical society included the accepted companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The period of the data acquisition was the period 2014 to 2019. To gather the required data and also to measure the research variables, the data of the previous performance of the related institutions were used. To analyze the gathered data, SPSS and EVIEWS softwares have been used and the obtained results show that the relationship between the financial crisis and the ownership structure is significant but the relationship between the firm size and the ownership structure is irrelevant. On the other hand, the results confirmed that the firm size moderates the relationship between the financial crisis and ownership structure.

The purpose of this study is environmental discourse strategies and green accounting consequences based on the development of agonist theory. In this research, which is considered methodologically in terms of the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research, the method of data collection was survey-correlation and the research tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population in this study is the managers of different layers of companies listed on the stock exchange in 2020-2021, which due to the unlimited number of target population, the method of determining the sample size in the unlimited community was used and 392 people as a statistical sample. They participated in this research. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) was also used to fit the model. The results showed that, based on the development of agonist theory, environmental discourse strategies increase the benefits of green accounting. The result obtained in this study indicates the fact that Existence of environmental discourse strategic drivers by expanding the function of agonism can develop the capacity to use conflict in organizational functions to achieve positive green accounting consequences. Because agonism, while accepting the conflict and the desirability of its existence among those in power against the social environment and stakeholders; Conflict is seen as a way to integrate environmental practices by using the potentials of conflict of interest between themselves and the social environment, and especially external stakeholders, to try to create strategies to advance conflicting goals.

The purpose of this research is to provide a supply chain financing model based on block chain technology, relying on the views of experts related to the field of electronic education at the level of higher education institutions of the country. The current research is practical in terms of purpose; In terms of the method of data collection, it is descriptive-exploratory and in terms of the nature of the data, it is qualitative and quantitative. In the following, using the judgmental purposeful sampling method, the opinions of 15 experienced executive experts in Digi kala Company and academic experts familiar with block chain technology and financing were used until the theoretical saturation stage. The conducted interviews were coded with Clark and Brown's six-step inductive theme analysis method. Based on this, 63 cases of speech evidence identified from the text of the interviews were labeled in the form of 17 primary codes. Then, the primary codes were categorized into five sub-themes and finally, two main themes. In the following, in order to validate the results of the interviews and confirm the research components, from the questionnaire and the fuzzy Delphi method, and for the theoretical validation of the research model in terms of comprehensiveness, uniqueness, coherence and integrity, as well as appropriateness, from the questionnaire tool and direction Its analysis was done using t-test and SPSS software

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of investors' sentiments on stock prices and its modeling in the framework of the heterogeneous agent model. In this regard, by using simulation, stock prices are calculated at the time of investors' sentiments, and the results are compared with stock prices in the real market to determine how much the simulated market matches the real market. The current research is descriptive in terms of purpose and content analysis has been used to evaluate the simulation results. Therefore, first, the point of crash of the stock market was determined in the framework of theoretical discussions. Then, the input variables including positive sentiments, negative sentiments and herd behavior were entered into the model and the price simulation process was done for each of the biases during the market crash. Considering the heterogeneous agents in the market and the dynamics of investors' behavior, Monte Carlo simulation was used and coding was done in MATLAB. By comparing simulated prices with real market prices at the time of investors' sentiments, the model's ability to estimate real market prices was investigated. The research results show that the heterogeneous factor model can predict the effects of investors' emotions when the stock market falls. Especially when negative emotions appear in the market, the presented model provides the best estimate compared to the real market.

The purpose of this research is to design a financial stress index to predict the occurrence of a financial crisis. In this research, a composite index has been designed to measure the financial system of Iran and the effects of financial turbulence in the conditions of uncertainty in the financial markets and the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2020. Since shock variables were used in previous studies, in this study, the factors of currency volatility, stock market index volatility, banking industry volatility, coin price volatility, energy carrier volatility, and insurance industry volatility were used as variables in the final model. It was used, and three factors of currency volatility, stock market volatility, and banking industry volatility were used to design and construct the financial stress index. This research was conducted in five steps based on the DCC-GHARCH approach. Finally, based on the variables of financial institutions and the stock market index, a prediction model based on neural networks for the financial stress index was presented. From the results, we find that all the independent variables of the research have a positive and significant effect on the financial stress index, except for the coin price volatility index, which has a negative and significant impact.

The development of infrastructure assets is one of the important requirements for economic growth and increasing public welfare. Proper and efficient management of such assets is necessary for the development of infrastructure assets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of infrastructure asset valuation in infrastructure asset management and sustainable development. For this purpose, the necessary data for conducting research was prepared through a questionnaire and in the form of snowball among experts in the field of accounting and financial management in the public sector and also through the press line and it was distributed on social networks. After collecting the questionnaires, the data was classified through Excel 2016 software and SPSS software version 20. LISREL software and structural equation method were used to analyze the data. Findings from the study showed that the factor loads related to hidden variables and observed variables have a good relationship and also the management of infrastructure assets has a positive relationship with sustainable development. Also, the evaluation of infrastructure assets as a mediating variable has a positive and significant relationship with infrastructure asset management and sustainable development. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variables of infrastructure asset management and infrastructure asset valuation have a direct effect on sustainable development from all aspects of social, economic and environmental. The management of infrastructure assets, for example, increases economic growth (increasing the movement of passengers, goods), reducing unemployment, reducing corruption, reducing risks and traffic accidents, and preserving environmental species, and so on

AbstractThis research tries to determine and prioritize the effective factors on improving the performance of capital market specialists in the Tehran Stock Exchange by studying market timing and strategies for investors to make correct and responsible decisions regarding their capital. The method of conducting this research is based on the results, practical; based on Objective, descriptive; Based on the amount of researcher control, non-experimental; based on data type, quantitative; And based on the research method, it is retrospective. The sampling method was a targeted judgment method from among experts in the capital market, and finally 15 people were selected. In this research, the test of the normality of the distribution was done by using the absolute value of the skewness and kurtosis of the variables, and the results indicated the normality of the data. Bartlett's test (K M O) was used to check the adequacy of the sample size. In comparing the market timing strategy models, the results showed that the season and date timing strategy, compared to the strategies of using the moving average and Sy Harding's seasonal timing, is more effective on the managers' performance and predicting the future movements of the market; But compared to Mark Walker's seasonal timing strategies and Hirsch's best six months timing (B.S.M), it has less efficiency.

One of the most significant aspects to consider when discussing investing is the anomaly of returns and asset portfolios. In this method, the return more than the expected return and higher than the risk premium is regarded as part of the portfolio components, and the correlation of the portfolio components is studied so that an optimum portfolio can be built. Oil price shocks have been investigated in the current study on the emergence of asset portfolio anomalies in the oil industry from 2012 to 2022. The findings of the study indicate that both oil price shock and risk have an adverse and significant relationship with portfolio anomaly returns. According to the findings, while oil shocks might have a negative impact on the stock market owing to the uncertainty they cause in financial markets, this issue is dependent on the form of the shock (demand side or supply side). If the shock is on the demand side, the market may respond positively; if the shock is on the supply side, the market may respond negatively.

The two main pillars of any financial and credit institution are equip-ping resources and paying bank loans. Financial and credit institutions are always looking for the best combination of resources and uses to have an acceptable financial balance. In this research, by implementing the game theory structure to combine resources and uses, an acceptable portfolio is presented. Income and expenses are two competitors and the factors for finding income and expenses are banking resources and uses. Therefore, resources and uses can be considered as two competing personalities, and the balance point for these two characters in the role of player will be an acceptable answer for the financial portfolio. there are different types of deposits, and the variety of combi-nations of these deposits, is a set of strategies for the player-source. on the other hand, there are different types of loans with different rates, the various combina-tions, is a set of strategies for the player-uses. A different view of banks' financial portfolio and placing it in the form of game theory is the main finding of this study. Providing a balanced financial portfolio, despite its limitations, is the result of research. In this research, the opportunity to show the results of deviation from the equilibrium point as a stra-tegic map is provided.

The present research concerns the bankrupt manufacturing companies from the perspectives of the independent and court-assigned auditors, as well as creditors and banks, as the rising number of bankruptcies in the country has left negative impacts on unemployment and undesirable social harms, in addition to incurring heavy financial burdens for the three powers of the government, the parliament, the judiciary and the police. In the previous article, the intended formula and model were first elicited from the classic Grounded Theory (Emergent - estimated, graded). The present study, however, compares the logistic regression with Sugeno’s adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to describe the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann–Whitney U, and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, etc. Here, the study forms five ANFIS methods and three sets of training, testing and checking (validation) to investigate and confirm the formula of the health diagnosis division and its continuity of use. Evaluation of the best and worst manufacturing companies using the devised model reveals a range of numbers, including + 2.113 to - 0.189, which indicate the normal and abnormal situations of the companies. As for the continuity of the activities (standard 570 of the auditing) and the clause on specific content, the numerical indicator of 0.595 and the contingent clause with the numerical indicator of 0.595 before 0.189, and the rejected clause with the numerical indicator of -0.189 can be used for the statement of the independent auditors. Also, for the court auditors, the time of the beginning of the bankruptcy with the numerical indicator of 0595

This study empirically examines the association between corporate governance andfinancial reporting quality in Indian corporate sector. In this regard, corporategovernance has been measured by characteristics of two mechanisms, namely auditcommittee and external auditors as external mechanism. Furthermore, accruals qualityas attribute of earnings quality has been used as the proxy for financial reportingquality. This study uses 1250 firm-year observations from a sample of 250 firms drawnfrom top 500 Indian companies listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE) over a fiveyear period from 2008 to 2012. In order to test developed hypotheses, panel dataregression with has been employed to determine the influence of corporate governancecharacteristics on financial reporting quality measured by earnings quality attributes.With regard to audit committee characteristics, this study provides some evidence thatalthough audit committee size, and audit committee independence are found to besignificantly related to financial reporting quality, audit committee meetings and auditcommittee accounting expertise have no significant relationship with financial reportingquality. Regarding external auditor, the findings demonstrate that contradictory to theexpectation, audit fee is not significantly associated with financial reporting quality. Theresults for last hypothesis show that non-audit fee ratio has a negative and significantrelationship with financial reporting quality. The results are also robust to additional testusing year and industry as dummy variables.

Commitment to social responsibility is the company's duty to achieve long-term goals and an important part of a sustainable society. This is not only related to the survival and sustainable development of the company but also to the expectations of the community and is also an important way to disclose non-financial information of companies. Disclosure of information can effectively reduce information asymmetry, improve the quality of internal control, and influence the trading behavior of investors. Therefore, the purpose of researching the transactional behavior of investors under the conditions of adherence to social responsibility and behavioral bias. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with 90 sample companies in the period 2012-2018. The results illustrated that there is a negative, positive and significant relationship between adherence to social responsibility and short-sightedness and avoidance of bias and there is no significant effect with prominence bias. There is no significant relationship between adherence to social responsibility and transactional behavior, earning returns and risk-taking, and there is a significant relationship with risk aversion. Short-sighted behavioral bias has a minor mediating effect on the relationship between adherence to social responsibility and risk-averse transactional behavior. No mediating effect was found for other biases and information bumps.

Much of the current change has been influenced by the concept of Modernity. Factors such as Capitalism have considered the development of professions such as accounting and auditing to achieve their goals. More than any other phenomenon in new world, modernism has influenced the transformation of human societies. Modernity is the product of social change and has been influenced by social change too. In the present study, the development of accounting has been considered from the standpoint of modernism.The study collected data from a survey of 391 Iranian accounting faculty member and researchers in 2018. The results of our study show that modernism has influenced the development of accounting through the development of theoretical frameworks, structural concepts in financial reporting, and the political process of financial reporting. Also, components such as rationalism, professionalism, progressivism, anti-Semitism, unity, materialism, objectivity are important components of modernity that have influenced the development of accounting.Keywords: Modernity, Accounting Theory, Capitalism, Conceptual Framework, Political Accounting

In their interactions with start-up companies, venture capitalists do more than just provide financial resources; they also create value for these companies. Using the case study method, the current study investigated six venture investments made between 1393 and 1400 through 23 semi-structured interviews with people involved in venture capital and start-up companies. Furthermore, it has used axial coding and qualitative content analysis of interviews to look into the mechanisms that lead to the development of non-financial values. The findings of this study demonstrate that the creation of non-financial values by venture capitalists has two general orientations, external and internal. As a result, the ability and focus of the venture capitalist as well as the need acknowledged by start-up companies for the creation of non-financial value impact the overall strategy and efficacy of value-creation mechanisms. According to the findings, not all venture capitalists are capable of generating non-financial value in every field. As a result, these capitalists must consider the balanced, simultaneous development of non-financial value creation capabilities in their long-term approaches and select start-up companies that are consistent with their overall strategy. To avoid potential conflicts in interactions with this type of capitalist, start-up companies should take special care when selecting a venture capitalist and determining their expectations from their investment.

The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of liquidity and transparency criteria on production growth, emphasizing the moderating role of shareholders' added value in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to fulfill the purpose of the research, research information was collected from the financial statements of listed companies in the period of 2010 to 2011.Multivariate regression method with panel data was used for statistical analysis. The findings of the research model test show that the criteria of stock liquidity and transparency in financial reporting have a significant effect on production working capital. Also, the findings of the research show the moderating role of shareholder added value in influencing the criteria of stock liquidity and transparency in financial reporting on production working capital.Also, the findings of the research show the moderating role of shareholder added value in influencing the criteria of stock liquidity and transparency in financial reporting on production working capital.

 The aim of the present study is to identify the financial, economic and structural components effective in preventing financial frauds. Heeding the issue of fraudulent financial reporting in the country, considering the increase in the number of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, the membership of the Stock Exchange and Securities Organization among the members of the International Organization of Securities Commissions, the requirement to improve the quality of financial information, special attention to attracting foreign investors are deemed necessary in the post-sanction conditions and the continuation of the privatization process in the country. The statistical population of this study is all the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2010 to the end of 2011, and their number is 570 companies. The hypothesis of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of discovering the possibility of fraud in financial statements using the Morchegan algorithm in comparison with the regression method, neural network, K average and genetic algorithm. The results indicate that the performance of the Morchegan algorithm is based on entropy in the correct classification. Companies are similar to the performance of the genetic algorithm. The error in the classification of companies in the entropy-based Morchegan algorithm is significantly more than the error in the classification of companies using logistic regression methods and the neural network algorithm. The distance-based Morchegan algorithm is significantly more unsuccessful than the logistic regression method in correctly identifying companies as suspected fraud companies.

The purpose of resilience is to create the capacity to improve a system for survival, from a shock and facing change and instability, to resist the effects of shock by creating the capacity to adapt and grow. In this research, using the opinions of 10 FinTech business experts, 4 different types of business uncertainty were identified and based on that, 12 types of possible problems were determined. In the following, using error analysis technique and RPN calculation, the most important failure modes were identified. In the next step, through interviews with experts, the number of resilience as well as strategies before and after failure were determined, and using the FDAHP approach, strategies were prioritized and the most important strategy was identified. The results indicate that to increase financial resilience in FinTech businesses with a risk management approach, strategies to pay attention to legal infrastructure; Establishment of risk and exchange rate fluctuation committee; Development of strategic and operational plans for financial resilience; Transparency in providing financial and entrepreneurial services to contracting companies; Ensuring financial stability in FinTech businesses and identifying alternative suppliers are the most important strategies. Finally, solutions for the development of the most important strategies were presented as practical suggestions for FinTech businesses.

Finding the relationship between the components of the financing chain and improving the performance of the production cycle requires identifying the gaps and gaps between these two important categories. In the current research, it was tried to first take the basic steps to identify these gaps, then formulate them to optimize the financing chain to improve production. After building and solving the model, it was implemented through mathematical algorithms and relevant software, and then a multi-objective problem was designed to analyze the results and compare each of the components. Using them, the output of the algorithm was analyzed as a result. Finally, to check the validity of the findings, an interview was conducted with the managers and experts of the production units and the results were applied in making decisions to provide mathematical and computational planning. The qualitative part of the research was also conducted using the opinions of managers of manufacturing companies and experts and professors in production and financial management. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the research is all the machinery and equipment industry companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange, out of 20 companies,17 active companies were considered. The results showed that the development of supply chain financial resources brings a new incentive for companies and society. In general, this research studies a model of the relationship between the financing chain and the production cycle and finally shows what factors can improve and promote the production cycle and can affect the performance of companies.