مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی و یکم شماره 5 (پیاپی 201، امرداد 1402)

Inguinal bladder herniation (IBH) is a rare disease that presents with inguinal and scrotal protrusion as well as urinary symptoms, and if not diagnosed before surgery, it may cause complications such as bladder injury during surgery. In this study, it was reported a 72-year-old man with right inguinal bulging and urinary obstruction symptoms. In the ultrasonography, two stones in the left kidney and a larger than normal prostate volume was reported. In the CT scan, inguinal bladder herniation with extension to the scrotum was seen, which contained a 13 mm stone. Cystography also confirmed it. Transvesical prostatectomy was performed. The stone was removed. Then, the herniated bladder was reduced through an incision on the right inguinal canal and the mesh was inserted.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare and hereditary disease in which multiple precancerous polyps develop in the patient's colon. Familial adenomatous polyposis is caused by mutations in the APC gene (5q21). According to new research, in addition to nuclear disorders, mitochondrial functional disorders are also one of the essential carcinogenic factors and also a promising target for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the nucleotide changes of mitochondrial ATPase6 and MT-CYB genes in patients with FAP.

In this study, 9 Iranian families with Familial adenomatous polyposis were investigated to study mutations in mitochondrial genes. For this purpose, a fragment with the length of 558bp containing the ATPase6 gene and also a fragment containing the MT-CYB gene with a length of 853bp were studied using the Touchdown-PCR method and sequencing. Sequencing results were analyzed with several bioinformatics software and databases, including ExPASy, SIFT, PSIPRED, PolyPhen-2, I-Mutant, PROVEAN, PredictSNP, and PyMol.

In this research, five mutations were observed in the mitochondrial ATPase6 gene. Three mutations were synonymous (c.A8901G; p.L125L, c.C8958T; p.I144I and c.C8943T; p.P139P) and two non-synonymous mutations (c.T8780C; p.L85P and c.G9133A; p.E203K). Furthermore, two synonymous mutations (c.A15607G; p.K287K and c.C15833T; p.L363L) and one non-synonymous mutation (c.C15452A; p.L236I) were observed in the MT-CYB gene.

In this study, ATPase6 and MT-CYB genes were investigated in the patients with Familial adenomatous polyposis, and 5 and 3 mutations and nucleotide changes were observed in affected patients, respectively. Considering that mitochondrial genome mutations can play a role in tumorigenesis, identifying new mutations can be effective in early cancer diagnosis. More studies are needed to confirm the association between mitochondrial mutations and FAP disease.

Local anesthesia is a routine part of all dental procedures that can cause complications. One of the most important side effects of intraoral anesthesia is ocular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and proper management of dentists in Yazd City regarding ocular complications following local anesthesia injection.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 193 dentists working in Yazd City were included in the study based on census sampling and they completed a questionnaire, which was consisted of two parts: demographic information and questions referring the knowledge and practice; data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and ANOVA and T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Mean knowledge score of the participantswas 1.21 ± 0. 6 with a variation range of 0 to 2. The mean awareness score of women was higher than of men, and a statistically significant difference was observed (P-value≤0.05). There was no significant relationship between awareness score and level of education, work experience and age (P-value≥0.05). Only 13.1% of general dentists and 25% of specialists had experienced ocular complications after intraoral anesthesia injection.

Dentists of Yazd City had an average knowledge about ocular complications following local anesthesia injection and due to the great importance of prevention and management of ocular complications following local anesthetic injection, it seems necessary to hold retraining courses on this topic and how to manage it.

Sea cucumber is one of the important aquatic animals that has many nutritional and medicinal properties and is of medical importance due to the presence of compounds with therapeutic and antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of selenium hybrid nanoparticles and sea cucumber extract on Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus bacteria.

MIC evaluation method was determined for the cytotoxic effect of sea cucumber extract on microbial cells. To carry out this research, after collecting and extracting sea cucumbers, the cytotoxicity of this extract on microbial cells was determined using the MIC method. Then, the antibacterial effect of sea cucumber extract, selenium hybrid nanoparticle and the combined effect of sea cucumber extract and selenium hybrid nanoparticle on Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus bacteria were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16 software.

The results of the experiments showed that sea cucumber extract with different dilutions had an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli bacteria, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. These results also applied to the tests performed with selenium nanomedicine. Interestingly, after combining a certain amount of sea cucumber extract and selenium nanomedicine, a greater antibacterial effect was observed on the above-mentioned 3 bacteria.

The synergistic effect of sea cucumber extract and selenium nanoparticles has a higher level of antibacterial properties.

Given the high prevalence of maxillary sinus lesions, the significance of their early diagnosis, and the role of radiography in the diagnosis, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of senior dental students in Yazd City, Iran in 2021 regarding radiographic changes of the maxillary sinus in panoramic radiographs.

In this analytic study, 53 senior dentistry students in Yazd City in year 2021were selected in the form of a census and their knowledge were assessed using a questionnaire containing 20 knowledge questions. Data were analyzed through SPSS ver.17 software and using t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square and fisher-exact.

In this analytic study, 53 senior dentistry students with an average age of 25.6 ± 2.3 participated in this study. Their average knowledge score was 7.13 ± 2.12 out of 20. There was no significant difference in the average score of knowledge according to age, sex, type of entry and GPA of students (P<0.05).

According to this fact that senior dentistry students in Yazd City have insufficient knowledge about radiographic changes of maxillary sinus; It seems necessary to revise the educational methods according to the educational curriculum.

Salmonella typhi is a large group of gram-negative bacilli with Enterobacteriaceae and common pathogens between humans and animals, which is the main cause of typhoid fever in humans. One of the most common antibiotics in the treatment of Salmonella is cotrimoxazole, but due to the widespread use of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles and its combination with the antibiotic cotrimoxazole to produce a more effective antimicrobial drug against Salmonell typhi.

In this experimental study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for silver nanoparticles and combination with cotrimoxazole, was performed based on microdilution method. Then, their antibacterial effects were investigated in infected mouse model. In order to analyze the results statistically, SPSS software version 16 was used. In this test, P< 0.05 was considered as a significant level.

MIC and MFC of silver nanoparticles for Salmonella typhi were 4 ppm and 8 ppm respectively, composition of silver nanoparticles with cotrimoxazole for Salmonella typhi were 62 ppm and 125 ppm and cotrimoxazole for Salmonella typhi were 500 ppm and 1000 ppm. Mouse model to study the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles and combination with cotrimoxazole against Salmonella typhi infection was confirmed., Silver nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial effect and cotrimoxazole has the lowest antibacterial effect than other groups.

Silver nanoparticles are very effective compared to other groups, especially the antibacterial cotrimoxazole.

Definitive diagnosis of restoring worn surfaces and simultaneous control of the causes of these wears is considered a viable therapeutic option. This study was designed to evaluate awareness and function of general dentists about tooth wear in Yazd, 2022.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 153 dentists working in Yazd City, Iran were randomly selected and their knowledge and practice were assessed using a valid and reliable reasearcher-made questionnaire containing 13 knowledge questions and 13 practice questions. Data were entered into SPSS 16 software and analyzed using t-test, chi-square, exact fissure tests.

153 dentists with a mean age of 28.07 ± 3.69 were included in this study. The mean knowledge score was 8.5 ± 1.6. The mean practice score was 8.45 ± 1.6. Knowledge and practice score was not significantly associated with age, gender and work place (P> 0.05), but knowledge and practice was significantly higher in dentists with less than five years of work experience (P˂ 0.05).

Based on the results of the study, the level of knowledge and practice of dentists in Yazd City was moderate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop educational programs to raise the level of knowledge and practice of dentists.

Understanding of the normal anatomy of the teeth as well as the anatomical variations of each tooth and between different teeth is a prerequisite for successful endodontic treatment, and errors in this area can lead to treatment failures .The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphology of the middle mesial canal in the first and second mandibular molars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the population of Isfahan City and its relationship with the distance between the orifice canals.

This retrospective descriptive study examined 180 reconstructed CBCT radiographs in modified axial, coronal, and sagittal sections, and evaluated the number, location, and morphology of the canals and the spacing of the orifices.

47.5% of participants had left-side first molars with three canals and 48% had right-side first molars with three canals.46.1% had a second molar on left-side with three canals and 46% had a right-side three canal second molar. 1% of participants had four canals in the left-side first molars and 1% had four canals in the right-side first molars.

The middle mesial canal is more likely to be near the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals. The highest prevalence is in the right-side first molar of women and the lowest is in the left-side second molar of men. Due to the low probability of the presence of this additional canal, careful examination of the patient's molar teeth before starting endodontic treatment is recommended.